Regional Report on Progress Towards Education for All in ... · Regional Report on Progress Towards Education for All in Asia and the Pacific Gwang-Jo Kim Director UNESCO Bangkok

GJ Kim – UNESCO Bangkok – Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education

Regional Report on Progress Towards Education for All in Asia

and the Pacific Gwang-Jo Kim

Director UNESCO Bangkok – Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education

Global EFA Meeting (GEM) 12-14 May 2014 Muscat, Oman

Outline

I. Introduction

II. Progress Towards the EFA Goals

III. The Big Push

IV. Status of the National EFA 2015 Reviews

V. Post-2015 Agenda

VI. Next Steps


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I. Introduction


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Changes in Asia and the Pacific Notable development opportunities

– Continuous economic growth

– Increasing number of middle-income economies, with AP’s share of world’s GDP rising from 15 % to 27% between 1972 and 2012.

– Rapid shift in employment structure

– Increased access to new technologies

Issues and challenges

– Persistent income disparities (within and across countries)

– Persistent youth unemployment

– Shift towards ageing society

– Increasing migration: brain drain and brain waste

– Digital divide

– Incessant disasters and conflicts in the region GJ Kim – UNESCO Bangkok – Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education

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Implications for education

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The need for education to address the changes and challenges:

– Education systems to adapt and to transform, to contribute to inclusion in education and sustainability

– Increasing prominence of “non-cognitive/transversal” skills and competencies for the 21st century, including leaning to live together and education for peace

– Educating/training also for non-existing jobs

– Preparing students to cope with future mobility and migration

– Lifelong learning to support learners to continue to explore and master new skills throughout life

– Leveraging cultures, value systems, languages and traditions

In sum, there needs to be transformative changes in education!


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II. Progress Towards the EFA Goals

Quick overview of the progress made since 1999

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Asia and the Pacific World

Note: Goal 1 is represented by the GER in pre-primary, Goal 2 by the ANER in primary, Goal 3 by the GER in secondary, Goal 4 by the adult literacy rates, Goal 5 by the GPI of the ANER in primary and Goal 6 by the gross intake rate in the last grade of primary as a proxy of completion rate.

• From 1999 to 2011, all 6 EFA goals have improved in the Asia-Pacific region and globally.

• For all 6 goals, the achievement done was more important in Asia-Pacific than globally. For example, the GER in pre-primary in A-P improved by 25 percentage points between 1999 and 2011 compared to 17 percentage points globally. Goal 1 saw the biggest improvement.

A-P World A-P WorldG1 25 > 17 54.4 > 50.2G2 8 = 8 94.9 > 91.2G3 16 > 11 69.3 < 70.7G4 3 > 2 82.5 < 84.1G5 7 > 5 0.99 > 0.98G6 11 > 10 93.5 > 90.6

Percentage points

change between 1999-

2011

Comparison between

the values for 2011

Source: UIS database February 2014

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Goal 1 - ECCE

Pre-primary GER for selected countries, 2011

<= 35% Between 40% and 80%

> 80%

• Progress continues steadily since 2000 in the region but in 2011 universal participation in pre-primary education remains a distant goal for many countries in the region

• E-Asia and the Pacific and S-West Asia have the most rapid improvement in access to pre-primary education in the world since 2005, with increases in enrolment of 19 and 14 percentage points respectively

• Many countries have not developed sustainable ECCE Programs yet, even and/or initiatives but at least they recognize the importance of ECCE


Goal 2 - UPE

• Asia-Pacific is on track to achieve the goal (unless dramatic change). All of the sub-regions have reached an Adjusted Net Enrolment Rate (ANER) over 90%

• 10 countries have already achieved universal participation (99% or more) in primary education and 9 countries are very likely to achieve the goal by 2015 (97% and 98% in 2011)

• Many children are still out of school. A ANER of 100% is necessary in order to achieve the goal. Now Asia-Pacific share of the out of school global number is 30%

• The regional focus has shifted from ‘access’ to the second facet of the goal: Ensuring that children complete their education

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ANER by region, 2000-2011


Goal 3 - Youth and Adult Skills

Note: The number of Community Learning Center (CLCs) which has been developed to provide life skills and livelihood skills for youth and adults outside formal education have been increasing rapidly.

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The ratio has jumped more than double between 2000 and 2011

The ratio has increased significantly

GER in secondary education, 2000, 2005 and 2011

E-Asia and the Pacific GER rose from 63% to 80% and S-West Asia rose from 46% to 60% between 2000 and 2011


Goal 4 - Adult Literacy

• Out of 497 million illiterate adults in the A-P region in 2011 (64.2% of the global numbers), 82% illiterate adults live in S-W Asia, and 18% live in East Asia and the Pacific. Central Asia has achieved the goal already.

• Even though the literacy rates rose by 4 percentage points in S- W Asia, the absolute number of illiterates is increasing.

• The most disadvantage group is women: Gender represents a significant barriers to literacy with 0.70 as GPI for adult literacy in S-W Asia

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The number is increasing

Distribution of adult illiterate by region, 2011 Number of illiterates

goal achieved


Goal 5 – Gender equality

• The region is able to reduce the gender disparity in education participation in both primary and secondary level. E Asia and Pacific region increased GPI from 0.99 for the primary ANER and from 0.95 for the GER for the secondary education in 2000 to 1.00 and 1.03 in 2011. South and West Asia did not reach gender parity at the secondary level

• Where Gender Equality has not yet been attained, gender disparities in primary and secondary education have been reduced

• The social inequalities within the classroom should be addressed as the next step: eliminating gender disparities in teaching and leadership position

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Gender Parity Index by level of education, 2011


Goal 6 – Quality Education

• Although the enrolment and participation, gender parity and literacy rate are steadily progressing, there is a big concern about the quality of learning at different levels of education

• Simply obtaining a suitable number of teachers by 2015 remains a big concern in some countries

• The change in proportion of trained teachers from 2000 to 2011 has been modest. Most of the countries in S-W Asia still have problem about the number of untrained teachers

• Essential life skills, especially new and emerging skills, are not firmly established in formal education systems

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Total public expenditure on education as % of total government expenditure

From 2009, there is a sharp decrease in education expenditure, which is the effect of the economic crisis


III. The Big Push


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Big Push Initiatives in Asia-Pacific – Legislative reforms (India, Pakistan)

– Analytical work and dissemination of promising EFA practices to Member States (Global Initiative on Out-of-School Children, case studies on promising EFA practices)

– Increased partnerships with development partners, private sector, NGOs/CSOs [Korea Institute of Child Care and Education (KICCE) and the Korea Development Institute (KDI)]

– Increased funding by governments (China, Pakistan, Nepal)

– Alternative/Innovative learning approaches (flexible learning strategies)

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Big Push Initiatives in Asia-Pacific

• Advocacy for EFA acceleration (regional, sub-regional and national)

- Global Action Week activities (advocacy video, joint statements)

- Promoting gender equality through the East Asia and Pacific United Nations Girls’ Education Initiative (EAP UNGEI)

- Global Monitoring Report launches

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IV. Status of the National EFA 2015 Reviews in Asia-Pacific


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High participation in Asia-Pacific

• Technical support provided to countries by UNESCO, UNICEF and EFA partners to undertake the review work – First technical workshop organized in November 2013 to train the

reviewers

– Second technical workshop organized in April 2014 to provide feedback on the draft EFA reports

• 40 or more Member States in Asia-Pacific are participating in the National EFA 2015 Reviews and are preparing national EFA reports

• EFA reports prepared by OECD countries (Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Republic of Korea) and Singapore

• A Regional EFA Report to be prepared

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V. Post-2015 Agenda


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UN My World survey results: Asia


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Regardless of their age groups, respondents from sub-regions (Central Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia and West Asia) also ranked “a good education” as the overall priority in

the post-2015 development agenda.

(as at 5 May 2014)

UN My World survey results: Oceania


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Respondents from Oceania ranked “a good education” as the overall priority in the post-2015 development agenda.

In the age group <30 years old, “a good education” is also ranked first.

(as at 5 May 2014)

Selected regional events on post-2015 Main

Organizer(s) Event Date

UNESCO Regional High-Level Expert Meetings on Education Beyond 2015 May, November 2012

UNESCO, UNICEF

Regional Thematic Consultation on Education in the Post-2015 Agenda

February 2013

UNESCO Regional High-Level Expert Meetings on Education Beyond 2015 October 2013

UNESCO Regional Consultation on a Post-Decade of Education for Sustainable Development Framework

May 2013

UNESCO Regional Technical Workshop and Feedback Workshop: National EFA 2015 Reviews

November 2013; April 2014

UNESCAP Regional Ministerial Meeting on Post-2015 August 2013

UNCTs National Consultations on Post-2015 2013

ARNEC Regional Early Childhood Development Conference November 2013

SEAMEO Consultation and Workshop on Post-2015 Education Scenarios and Post-EFA Education Agenda in Southeast Asia

January, March 2014


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ARNEC: Asia-Pacific Regional Network for Early Childhood SEAMEO: Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization UNCTs: United Nations Country Teams UNESCAP: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

http://www.unescobkk.org/education/educationbeyond2015/



http://www.unescobkk.org/education/educationbeyond2015/regional-consultation-feb-2013/







http://www.unescobkk.org/education/esd/esd-news-events/news/article/education-for-a-sustainable-future-unesco-asia-pacific-regional-consultation-on-a-post-desd-framewo/




http://www.unescobkk.org/education/efa/national-efa-2015-reviews/




http://apmd2013.unescap.org/



http://www.worldwewant2015.org/sitemap





http://www.arnec.net/singaporeconference2013

http://www.seameo.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=504:seameo-collaborates-with-various-partners-to-determine-post-2015-education-agenda-in-southeast-asia&catid=121&Itemid=589










Key messages from national and regional consultations

National Consultations supported by UN Country Teams

National consultations were conducted in 17 countries in the region: • Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Lao PDR, Pakistan, Philippines,

Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam

Regional Meetings and Consultation on Education led by UNESCO/UNICEF

Three regional high-level expert meetings and a regional consultation were held.

Proposed focus areas for consideration on education beyond 2015

– Orientations for education post-2015 need to go beyond EFA Goals

– Lifelong learning as a key guiding principle

– Equitable and inclusive access to quality learning for all

– Focus on addressing inequity, inequality and exclusion

– Learning relevant skills for decent work and a better life

– Responsible and participatory governance

– Commitment of financing in education


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Education Post-2015: Some milestones so far

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Asia-Pacific Consultation on Education beyond 2015

Asia-Pacific Expert

Meeting Beyond 2015

Rethinking Learning in a

Changing World

March

February 2013 November

Global Consultation

on Education

Asia-Pacific Expert

Meeting Towards EFA

2015 and Beyond

Shaping a New Vision for Education

The World We Want global consultations

October

Asia-Pacific Expert

Meeting Beyond 2015 Transforming Teaching and

Learning

May 2012

High-Level Panel

Report

UN Secretary- General’s

Report

May July

UNESCO General

Conference

Regional Technical

Workshop: National EFA 2015 Review in

Asia-Pacific

November

SDSN Report

June

April 2014

Regional Technical Feedback

Workshop: National EFA 2015 Review in

Asia-Pacific

Key messages from Asia-Pacific consultations fed into the global development and education agendas.

Asi

a-Pa

cifi

c ev

ents

G

lob

al e

ven

ts

Education Post-2015: Way forward

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September

SDG OWG Report

Asia-Pacific Regional Education

Conference Bangkok, Thailand

Intergovernmental dialogue

World Education Forum

Incheon, Republic of

Korea

August 2014

World Conference on Education for Sustainable

Development Nagoya, Japan

UN Summit and

Adoption of SDGs

May 2015

The regional recommendations on education beyond 2015 will continue to feed into the global development and education agendas.

November September

Asia-Pacific Regional

EFA Review Report

Asi

a-Pa

cifi

c ev

ents

G

lob

al e

ven

ts

Regional UN discussions in relation to MDGs/SDGs • UN ESCAP Asia-Pacific Ministerial Dialogue on Post-2015 (26-28 August 2013, Bangkok,

Thailand)

– Adopted the Bangkok Declaration of the Asia-Pacific region on the United Nations Development Agenda beyond 2015.

– Stressed the need for inclusivity and argued that poverty reduction and education must remain at the core of global development objectives.

• ESCAP/ADB/UNDP Regional MDGs Report 2012/2013: "Asia-Pacific Aspirations: Perspectives for a Post-2015 Development Agenda“ (September 2013)

The report proposes 12 goal areas beyond 2015, including quality education for all.

• UNDG-AP Side Event at SDG OWG's sixth session (11 December 2013, New York, USA)

– Organized an expert panel discussion on the new partnerships and the means of implementation.

– The panel agreed on the need for a new goal on global partnership for development, to succeed MDG Goal 8, with elements of the global partnerships and means of implementation present in each of the SDGs.

• UN ESCAP Asia-Pacific Forum for Sustainable Development (19-21 May 2014, Pattaya, Thailand) The summary outcome of the forum will contribute to the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development.


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Post 2015 Development Agenda and SDG preparatory process in Asia and the Pacific

ESCAP-Thailand

Ministerial

Dialogue

26-28 August 2013

Objective:

To discuss the post

2015 development

agenda from the

perspectives of AP,

including viewing

the post 2015

development

agenda in the

overall of context of

sustainable

development, and

resilience

Outcome:

Ministerial

Declaration on AP

perspectives on

post 2015

development

agenda and

sustainable

development

ESCAP lead

RCM-UNDG

1st Asia-Pacific

Consultative

Meeting on Post

2015 Agenda and

Sustainable

Development

January-February

2014

Objective:

To discuss

opportunities and

challenges in

operationalizing the

post 2015

development

agenda and

sustainable

development in AP

Outcome:

Preliminary ideas

on opportunities

and challenges for

implementation of

sustainable

development in AP.

ESCAP lead

Special session at

ESCAP Annual

Commission,

19-23 May 2014.

Objective:

To bring outcomes

of consultation

process to member

States at senior level

and further refine AP

inputs to GA

discussions.

Outcome:

Concrete inputs

including

Commission

resolution to GA

discussions on post-

2015 / SDGs.

Decision to be taken

on final intergovern-

mental meeting in

August to conclude

process and prepare

for GA.

ESCAP lead

RCM-UNDG

Moderated online

forums /

roundtable

discussions on

priority issues,

opportunities and

challenges on

implementing the

post- 2015 agenda

in AP

March-May 2014

Objective:

To continue

discussions and

inputs on priority

ideas and

opportunities and

challenges in

implementation

Outcome:

Validated regional

narrative

summarizing

discussions and

highlighting sub-

regional & country

perspectives

UNDG lead Regional MDG

reports

Substantive inputs

into process

Thai / ESCAP

Ministerial

Dialogue 2013

HLP Report /

SG’s report

RIM Chair

Summary 2013

Manila

Declaration 2013

ESCAP

Commission 2013

OHRLSS/ESCAP

Meeting

Statement

G 7+ Fragile

States Dili

Statement

Thematic/

country inputs

Other relevant

global / AP docs

6th session ,

OWG,

9-13 December

2013

Objective:

To hold side event

to present AP

perspectives on

means of

implementation of

post-2015

development

agenda / SDGs

Outcome:

Influence OWG

discussion on

“means of

implementation:

Global partnership

for achieving

sustainable

development”

Background papers

to be prepared and

key resource

people confirmed.

UNDG lead

SIDS global

conference,

Samoa, 1-4 Sept

2014

70th and 71st

Sessions of the

Commission

(May 14/ 15)

Global

deliberations of

the OWG

HLPF and

regional

preparatory mtgs

2014-2015

GA deliberations

VI. Next Steps


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Upcoming Events

• Asia-Pacific Regional Education Conference (APREC), 6-8 August 2014, Bangkok, Thailand.

o High level officials of ministries of education and diverse stakeholders will take stock of regional EFA progress; discuss lessons learnt for the future; develop regional recommendations for education post-2015

• World Conference on Education for Sustainable Development, 10-12 November 2014, Nagoya, Japan.

• World Education Forum 2015, May 2015, Incheon, Republic of Korea,

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THANK YOU!

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@UNESCO_AsiaPac

https://www.facebook.com/unescobkk

[email protected]

www.unesco.org/bangkok

Documents

Regional Report on Progress Towards Education for All in ... · Regional Report on Progress Towards Education for All in Asia and the Pacific Gwang-Jo Kim Director UNESCO Bangkok