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Regional rainfall measurements using Passive Aquatic Listener during SPURS
field campaign
Jie Yang, Stephen C. Riser, Jeffrey A. Nystuen, William E. Asher, and Andrew T. Jessup
2014 Aquarius/SAC-D Science Team Meeting
November 11 – 14, 2014, Seattle, Washington USA
Outline
• Passive Aquatic Listener (PAL) calibration using 6-year Ocean Station PAPA data
• Rainfall measurements using PAL during SPURS1) Rain rate and wind speed results during SPURS
2) Rainfall seasonal and intra-annual variability
3) Implication of rainfall measurements on salinity
• Summary and future work
PAL working mechanism and calibration
Drizzle
Wind only
Light rain followed by heavy downpour
Spectrogram using PAL OSP data
Feb. 11–12, 2008
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Date (2007)
Win
d sp
eed
(m
/s)
NoaaPAL
Comparison of wind speed between PAL
and anemometer
Comparison of rainrate
between PAL and in situ rain gauge
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0
5
10
15
20
Date (2008)
Ra
in r
ate
(m
m/h
r)
PALNoaa
PAL Rain accumulation using 6-year
OSP data
0 500 1000 1500 20000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
JD (2007)
RA
(m
m)
PAL SPL1dBPAL mean
Comparison of rain
accumulation between PAL
and in situ rain gauge
0 500 1000 1500 20000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
JD (2007)
RA
(m
m)
PAL SPL1dBPAL meanNoaa, cutoff 0.1mm/hrNoaa, cutoff 0.4mm/hr
Rainfall measurements during SPURS
Figure: Jessica Anderson
Oct Nov Dec Jan 13 Feb Mar Apr May0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Date
Win
d sp
eed
(m
s)
central mooringFloat 7587
Float 7587
Comparison of wind speed between PAL and central mooring
Float 7587 end position: ~200 km away from central mooring
Float 7587
Float 7547
Float 7582
Float 7607
0 100 200 300 4000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700Float 7547
JD (2013)R
A (
mm
)0 100 200 300 400
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
RA
(m
m)
Float 7582
JD (2013)
0 100 200 300 4000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700Float 7587
JD (2013)
RA
(m
m)
0 100 200 300 4000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700Float 7607
JD (2013)
RA
(m
m)
0 200 4000
200
400
600
RA
(m
m)
Float 6923
0 200 4000
200
400
600
Float 7547
0 200 4000
200
400
600
Float 7569
0 200 4000
200
400
600
Float 7572
0 200 4000
200
400
600
RA
(m
m)
Float 7582
0 200 4000
200
400
600
Float 7587
0 200 4000
200
400
600
Float 7604
0 200 4000
200
400
600
Float 7607
0 200 4000
200
400
600
RA
(m
m)
Float 7635
JD (2013)0 200 400
0
200
400
600
JD (2013)
Float 7660
0 200 4000
200
400
600
JD (2013)
Float 7681
0 200 4000
200
400
600
JD (2013)
Float 7699
PAL SPL1dB PAL mean 3B42
Comparison of rain accumulation between PAL and
3B42Feb. 2013 – Jan. 2014
Rainfall seasonal and intra-annual variability during SPURS
Sep 12 Dec Mar 13 Jun Sep0
20
40
60
RR
(m
m/h
r)
Day (Start date 9/22/2012)
Sep 13 Dec Mar 14 Jun Sep0
20
40
60
Day (Start date 9/22/2013)
RR
(m
m/h
r)
Implication of rainfall measurements on salinity
Salinity data: central mooring
Summary and future work
• PAL has been established to provide reliable estimates of wind speed and rainrate
• Passive acoustic remote sensing can be used to study the spatial variability and intermittency of rainfall and provide regional maps of the surface wind field
• Advantages of passive acoustic technique over conventional meteorological buoy measurement: autonomous, low-cost, long residence time at sea, real-time data access, and excellent temporal and spatial resolutions
• Future
1) regional map of wind and rain field
2) understanding the data better by combining PAL with S/T data on Argo floats and data that characterize vertical and horizontal advection of water in the region