Rega Shel Ivrit - English

רגע עברית

סיפורן של מיליםר גבי שטרית"ד: כתב

Written by: Dr Gabi Shetrit

Translated by: Ariella Rosen

ש ל

/קייקנה יץק

1 מספר שיחה

Amount of time: 4-5 דקות

Origin of the word: Aramaic

Intended Audience: הנהלה ,מדריכים ,חניכים

Dictionary definition: A summer מעון (home), a קוםמ especially on the ,(relaxing place) מרגוע

hot summer days.

Phrases:

Summer camp -קיץ מחנה

Summer clothes -קיץ בגד

Summer house -קיץ בית

Summer crops -קיץ גידולי

Day off -חופשי יום

Key Words:

Summer- קיץ

Freedom -דרור ,חופש

Vacation -פגרה

Renewal-חידוש

Meaning-משמעות

Aramaic-ארמית

Language-שפה

Parallel-מקבילה

Definition-הגדרה ,מגדיר

עוןמ -Home

Relaxation-מרגוע

Free -שחרור

Season-עונה

Duty-חובה

Developing the conversation השיחה מהלך

Where do you think we got the word קייטנה or קיץ that we say throughout the קיץ (summer)? Is

there a connection between the words קיץ and קייטנה?

The word קייטנה sounds like the word קיט- and also קיץ.

The word קיץ and קיט are sister words- קיץ is a Hebrew word and קיט- from the word קייטא-

which means summer (קיץ) in Aramaic. There is a saying in Aramaic: מדקייטא קשים דקייטא שלהי.

"The end of summer is harder than the summer itself."

In modern Hebrew we have taken words from the Aramaic language, but gave them a משמעות

a special meaning, or meaning that is slightly different from the meaning of the word in -מיוחדת

Hebrew. For example, the word כורסא is the Aramaic מקבילה (parallel) of the word כסא (chair) in

Hebrew.

This is how the word קיט, was given a renewed meaning, חידוש

as summer relaxation, and also as relaxation in general. Avraham Even Shoshan, who made

is a קייטנה popular around fifty years ago, still writes that (”The New Dictionary“) החדש המילון

יץק מעון , (a summer home), a גועמר מקום a place of relaxation. However, in newer dictionaries,

the הגדרה (definition) of this word teaches us that קייטנה is a framework for children’s activities

during vacation days, mainly during the summer vacation, but there are also of course קייטנות

.(winter) חורף

In honor of הקיץ חופשת, summer vacation, let’s look at other words that are connected to יץק :

,חירות is translated in dictionaries as חופש The concept of .(vacations) פגרה ,חופשה ,חופש

freedom.

In common speech, these words became mixed up and today we say חופש instead of חופשה. For

example, “I requested חופש in order to finish my work.” הקיץ חופשת, the summer vacation for

schoolchildren (in the months of July and August) is called גדולה החופש (the Big Vacation).

However, חופשה is really a time of שחרור, freedom, from work, from studies, or מסוימת חובה,

regular duties or responsibilities.

Some say that חופשה is פגרה, and that the root of the word פגרה is also Aramaic. In the Talmud in

Masechet Shabbat, it is said: “ רבנן ביה דמפגרי יומא,” which means a day during which the rabbis

were free, a day off. This is a vacation during a set time from season to season, עונה, that is given

to someone who works or studies. For Example: there is school vacation, court recess, the

summer break in the Knesset, and more.

On One Foot-אחת רגל על

The word קיץ is related to קיט, which means a קיץ בית, “summer house” in Aramaic, or a place of

relaxation for the summer. Are we relaxed at summer camp, our תבי ?קיץ

For Thought -למחשבה

What is the connection between קיץ and תאנה, fig?

עברית

2 מספר שיחה

Amount of Time: 4-5 דקות

Origin of the Word: עברית


Dictionary Definition: The ancient, historical language of the Jews, the language in which

traditional holy texts were written, and a nickname for Aramaic, the language spoken by Jews

during the period of the Tanaim and Amoraim (the rabbis who wrote the Mishnah and the

Talmud).

Phrases:

Crossing line -חציה מעבר

Traffic tools that help drivers on the road -תעבורה כלי

One who comes and goes- Traveler -אורח עובר

Dies -העולם מן עבר

Key Words:

Do a mitzvah-מצווה לקיים

Born-נולד

Opinion-דעה

Source-מקור

Grandson-נכד

Siege-מצור

Scare-להפחיד

Increases-מגביר

Synonym-נרדפת מילה

Language-שפה ,לשון

Knead the food before digestion -העיכול לפני המזון את ללוש

Brain-מוח

Beyond-עבר

Developing the conversation השיחה מהלך

Why is our language called עברית? Many people ask me this. The answer, בריםלע עברית , is

written in the Talmud in Masechet Megilah, where it also says, “Greek for Greeks.” That is to

say, לעברים עברית means that one who speaks Hebrew should read Megilat Esther (read on Purim)

in Hebrew, in order המצווה את לקיים.

Still confused by this answer? Rashi explains it: עברית is the language of those נהרה עבר - beyond

the river. This explanation comes from the place in which Avraham נולד, he was from beyond the

Euphrates River.

According to another דעה, the מקור of the term עברי comes from the name of Noah’s נכד in the

Torah: עבר (Ever). The עברי (Hebrew) nation was already mentioned at the time of the Tanakh

(Bible), so what was their language called? When Ravshakeh the messenger of the king of Ashur

comes to put a מצור on the people of Jerusalem, אותם להפחיד the leaders of the people ask him to

speak Aramaic, not יהודית (“Jewish” language), so the rest of the people would not understand

and become afraid, but Ravshakeh just raised, מגביר his voice: יהודית גדול בקול ויקרא “He called

out in יתיהוד in a loud voice.” If this is accurate, the language of the Hebrews in the Tanakh was

called “יהודית.” From the Middle Ages and on, this language has been known as עברית, Hebrew.

Words that are used as נרדפת מילה to עברית are לשון and שפה. What is the connection between

?which are parts of the body (the tongue and lips), to language that we speak שפה and לשון

There is a connection! לשון that is in our mouth, the tongue, comes from the root word לוש, and

from this we understand that just as the tongue’s job is העיכול לפני המזון את ללוש, so too does לשון

as language "knead" the thoughts that come from the מוח into words.

For Thought -למחשבה

Why are we called יהודים?

On One Foot-אחת רגל על

The עברים are the children of Avraham, people who came הרלנ מעבר , from beyond the river, and

they were also the descendants of עבר, the grandson of Noah.

For Your Entertainment

This story makes sense only in Hebrew. Try to pick up on the wordplay!

The Secret of the Alef Bet and the Magen David -דוד ומגן העברי בית האלף סוד

The דוד מגן is the shape that is found on the Israeli flag, and that is very special to all Jews.

Look! Inside this wonderful shape, which is made up of two triangles (or two pyramids if you

wish), you can see every letter of the Alef Bet! Take a look:

For Advanced Hebrew Speakers: בספרדית חולם (Dream in Spanish) by Ehud Manor

I wake up in עברית in the morning,

And drink coffee in עברית,

I pay in Hebrew,

For all things that I buy.

In the language of King David

I live and make my voice heard,

And read stories to a child,

Always from right to left.

In עברית there are words,

To express almost everything

It has שקה (outlet) it has תקה (plug),

But there is not word in עברית for “tact.”

I get excited in עברית when I see a flower,

And deliver prayers in עברית,

I get angry in עברית in a moment,

And “hit” in עברית with a curse.

:פזמון

I think and I write

In עברית without difficulty,

I love to love you

In exquisite עברית.

It’s a wonderful language,

There will be no other for me,

But at night, at night,

I dream in Spanish.

גוף וחלקי לשון

3 מספר שיחה



Dictionary Definition: The organ in the mouth that works to determine taste, aids in eating and

digestion, and helps in speaking.

Phrases:

To see eye to eye, to agree with someone -בעין עין

In short -אחת רגל על

This for that (the consequence matches the action) -עין תחת עין

A nickname for the Hebrew language -הקודש לשון

Gossip or slander -הרע לשון

Nice and polite language (“clean” language) -נקייה לשון

The opposite of what someone says -נהור סגי לשון

Polite language -רכה לשון

Key Words:

Body -מגופה

Cover -כיסוי

Hide -מסתיר

Internal- פנימיות

Spiritual -רוחנית

Knuckles -אצבעות פרקי

Help -עזרה

Power -כוח

Influence -להשפיע

Flowing Spring -נובע מעיין

Sustaining -מזינה

Equilibrium Center -המשקל שיווי מרכז

Balance -איזון

Developing the conversation- השיחה מהלך

לשון

What is the connection between לשון and שפה which are parts of the body (the tongue and lips),

to language that we speak?

There is a connection! לשון that is in our mouth, the tongue, comes from the root word לוש, and

from this we understand that just as the tongue’s job is העיכול לפני המזון את ללוש, so too does לשון

as language knead the words and sentences that come from the וחמ .

גוף

Coming from מגופה, in order words כיסוי. The גוף is the material that covers and מסתיר the פנימיות

.of a person רוחנית

יד

It’s number value is 14 (in Gematria: yod=10 and dalet=4), which represents the fourteen פרקי

is equivalent to 28 כוח we use two hands. That is to say, the word ,עזרה When we need .אצבעות

.יד twice the number value of ,פרקים

עין

The job of the עין is להשפיע, influence, our brains and thoughts. עין comes from מעיין that נובע

(flows) ומשפיע (influences).

אוזןThe אוזן also ינהמז (sustains) a person’s brain through information that surrounds us. It’s well

known that the המשקל שיווי מרכז is located in the אוזן, which is related to the word איזון (and

.(or scale ,מאזניים

The parts of the body also have related verbs (actions):

To throw - -לידות-יד

To look up לעיין -עין

To spy -לרגל -רגל

To slander -להלשין -לשון

To listen -להאזין -אוזן

To memorize -לשנן- שן

(א)ופרידה מפגש ברכות

ולקרוב לרחוק שלום שלום

Greetings for Meeting and Leaving

Shalom, Shalom to Those Far and Near

שלום

יחהש 4 מספר




Dictionary Definition:

Rest, שלווה, quiet, the opposite of war, the greeting between two people.

Phrases:

A greeting between two people-literally, peace be upon you -עליכם שלום

A stable peace -אמת שלום

Keeping peace in the family -בית שלום

To ask after the well-being of someone -שלום דרישת

A gathering for the purpose of making a peace agreement -שלום ועידת

A greeting between friends on Shabbat -שלום שבת

Someone who tries to make peace between people- literally, a pursuer of peace -שלום רודף

Key Words:

Peace -שלווה

Fixed -קבוע

Friendship -ידידות

Basis-בסיס ,יסוד

Integrity-שלמות

Physical and Mental-ונפשית גופנית

Security -בטחון

Normal Relations -תקינים יחסים

Contexts -הקשרים

Conflict -ניגוד

War -מלחמה

Bound Phrases -כבולים צירופים

Idioms -ניבים

Greeting -ברכה

When we leave someone -פרידה

Foreign -נכרי


לכולם שלום -ולרחוק לקרוב שלום שלום

Shalom, Shalom to those near and far- Shalom to everyone

The word שלום is one of the foundational words in Hebrew. The root מ.ל.ש. teaches us about it’s

most basic meaning (בסיסית)- a situation of שלמות :שלמות that is both ונפשית גופנית, that is ביטחון,

that is תקינים יחסים between people, between nations, and more.

In the Tanakh the word appears in many הקשרים, all of which reflect this basic notion.

In modern Hebrew, the main meaning of the word שלום is the opposite of war.

The source of this meaning is in the Tanakh, such as “שלום ועת מלימה עת לשנא ועת לאהב עת” A time

to love, a time to hate, a time for war, and a time for שלום, peace. Ecclesiasties (Kohelet) 3:8.

The word שלום in modern Hebrew comes mainly in כבולים צירופים and in ניבים.

Today, we often use the word םשלו as a ברכה, usually when we meet someone and leave- פרידה.

A story was told of Rabban Yochana ben Zakkai בשוק נכרי ואפילו מעולם שלום אדם הקדימו שלא He

would always greet another person first, even a gentile in the marketplace. (Talmud Bavli

Brachot 17a).

Even today, when we ask שלומך מה, one can answer, טוב שלומי or טוב לא שלומי. In the Tanakh,

the structure of this question was different, as was the answer. Joseph asked his brothers, השלום

וםשל ,Is your father, the old man, well? They answered ?הזקן אביכם our father is -לאבינו לעבדך

well.

We separate שלום into different greetings: וםשל ,peace be upon you ,אליכם והי ,be at peace , שלום

.depart in peace , לשלום צאתכם ,go in peace לשלום לכו

(ב)ופרידה מפגש ברכות

Greetings for Meeting and Leaving

ביי ,יאלה ,שלום

5 מספר שיחה


Origin of the Word: עברית, Arabic, English


Key Words:

Language -שפה

In spite of this -זאת למרות

Take care -עצמך על תשמרי

Oranges -תפוזים

Marching -צעידה

Pray -להתפלל

יבושש - Word corruption

Inauguration Speech -ההכתרה נאום


“How do you say שלום in three שפות (languages)?

להיאל ,טוב !ביי ,

(“Okay, yalla, bye!”)

We used to say goodbye in shortened ways, like “lehit,” “ciao,” or “bye,” but today, זאת למרות,

even my grandmother won’t get off the phone without saying “ביי ,יאללה ,טוב.”

The words עצמך על תשמרי or עצמכם על תשמרו (take care of yourself) used to be said by anyone

close to me.

“How, exactly, can I take care of myself?” I asked one of these greeters. I figured she did not

mean that I should start eating three תפוזים a day, or to go on a צעידה for an hour.

“You are right,” she answered. There is nothing you can do, just להתפלל. In other words, pray

that God takes care of you. “ביי“ ”ביי ,יאללה ,טוב” And the conversation was over.

This idea is exactly what the words להיאל .mean ביי

The word יאללה is actually two separate words joined together: אללה -יא. In simple Hebrew, “הו

(”.Oh, God“) ”.אלוקים

The word ביי just comes from the English word “goodbye.” “Goodbye” is simply a שיבוש of the

phrase “God be with you.” In the 16th century, people began shortening this phrase to “God

b.w.y.” After many more שיבושים, the phrase turned into “goodbye” as we know it today.

So, לע תשמרו מכםעצ . Or, אתכם יהיה שהאלוקים ,אלוקים הו ,טוב- Good, Oh God, may God be with

you! Amen!

On One Foot אחת רגל על

When we leave someone, we say to them in three different languages: אללהי ,טוב ביי

For Thought- למחשבה

Which American president used in his הכתרה נאום words that exist in three languages? Yes We

Can!

גסלנ (ג) ופרידה מפגש ברכות

Greetings for Meeting and Leaving- Slang

עברי בסלנג ”שלומך מה”ל תשובות

6 מספר שיחה

The words: פיצוץ ,ז”חבל ,סבבה ,כף ,אכבר ,אחלה ,הפנים על

Origin of the Words: Mostly Arabic

Intended Audience: Everyone

Key Words:

Face -פנים

Abbreviated -מקוצר

Parallel -מקבילה

To fall -ליפול

Satisfaction-רצון שביעות

Sweet -מתוק

Figuratively -בהשאלה

Pleasure -הנאה

Cannabis -חשיש

Task -משימה

Reason -היגיון

Waste -בזבוז

Experience -חוויה


What is the source of the saying “הפנים על?”

The saying “הפנים על” is a מקוצר saying. In Yiddish, “panim,” or “punim,” is used in many

sayings, most of which were translated into Hebrew. For example, “פנים פון אראפ” (Araf fun

punim) became “הפנים לו ירדו,” “his face fell.” In other words, he has just reacted to something

bad that happened, just as what happened in the Torah in Genesis (Breisheet), “פניו נפלו,” “his

face fell.”

The phrase “פנים א פור וואס” (Vas for a punim) became “לי יהיה פרצוף איזה?” (What an expression

I will have on my face)!

The phrase “פנים אין פאטש א” (a patsch in punim), a slap in the face, in English also has a מקבילה

in Russian. The saying “הפנים על” might be a מקוצר form of “הפנים על ]מכה[ קיבלתי.” (I got

slapped in the face.) In other words, "I’m not doing great." There is another מקבילה in Hebrew,

by Yehudit Ravitz: "I ”געגוע“ which is found in the song ,(to fall on one’s face) ”הפנים על ליפול“

swore to guard my beliefs/ I didn’t know how to avoid falling on my face."

אחלה

This word means good, excellent, a word of רצון שביעות. In Arabic, אחלה means very מתוק.

When understood בהשאלה, it means "good," "wonderful."

אכבר

It means “the greatest,” and there are many phrases in Hebrew that use this word. For example,

רבג אכבר (a great man), and of course, the saying “אכבר אללהו” (Allah, or God, is the greatest).

כיף

This word means both הנאה and חשיש in Arabic.

סבבה

This word means great or excellent in Arabic. In Hebrew in recent years, there has been a shift in

usage of this word: In the past סבבה was used to describe רצון שביעות with something. Now, we

often use the word when talking about an unpleasant משימה. For example, “Honey, could you

please wash the dishes?” “סבבה.”

The saying אגוזים סבבה is similar to “טופי יופי”- a silly way of saying that everything is good.

ז”חבל

This is a shortened version of the phrase “הזמן על חבל” which is said when someone wants to

explain why there is no היגיון for בזבוז of time.

Today, the saying has another function as well. Rather than take the time to describe in detail

how incredible a חוויה was, simply, say “הזמן על חבל.” In the past, people responded to questions

with “אחלה“ ”,הכיפאק על,” etc. but now, that answer is “הזמן על חבל.”

פיצוץ

This word has its origins in the army, meaning explosion. It’s meaning in slang is "wonderful,"

"excellent."

וסבו נכד בין שיח דו -החדשה העברית השפה

(A conversation between a grandfather and grandson demonstrating the “New Hebrew”)

Grandson: Hey, Sabba

Grandfather: Shalom

Grandson: כיאיף? What’s up?

Grandfather: What?

GS: שלומך מה? How are you?

GF: Ah, good תודה, and you?

GS: סבבה

GF: I asked you שלומך מה?

GS: And I answered... excellent

GF: I didn’t understand. How is school?

GS: עשר Ten

GF: Excellent. A Ten is the best grade you can get.

GS: That’s not my grade, that’s how school is.

GF: When do you finish?

GS: I finish in two months

GF: And then, you will begin to work?

GS: No, there’s no work in my field right now.

GF: So what will you do?

GS: גב-בטן ,סתלבג. Saddle bag, on my stomach and my back.

GF: What?

GS: I’ll hang out and do nothing.

GF: And how will you support yourself?

GS: כרים אללה! Allah will provide!

GF: What, now you’ve converted to Islam?

GS: No, it’s a saying.

GF: How is your girlfriend?

GS: כוסית חתיכת A great slice.

GF: What?

GS: פצצה

GF: What explosion? There was another פיגוע? (terrorist attack)

GS: No, it’s a saying that means, like, really pretty.

GF: When will you get married?

GS: What is burning? Who died?

GF: Someone in our family died!?


GF: How is your apartment?

GS: הזמן על חבל It’s incredible.

GF: You’ve only lived there for two minutes, and you are already anxious about time?


GF: Are your parents helping you at all?

GS: Nada, Maniakim! (Maniacs!)

GF: I don’t understand- they have mental problems?

GS: No, it’s a saying. They aren’t helping even though they are heavy (כבדים)

GF: Fat?

GS: No, full of money.

GF: Oh, okay. It’s so nice that you came to visit me today. You don’t have school?

GS: I became the breeze.

GF: What, you work in plumbing?

GS: No... it’s a... yes.

GF: This is what comes out of all of your studies? Installation?

GS: סתאאאאאאאם. Just kidding...


Try to translate the slang words in the story below.

יהומ Who is an Israeli ?ישראלי

(For staff and older)

Should I explain to you who is an Israeli?

He is אניוואן (anyone) who gets up in the morning, jumps into שורטס (shorts), goes outside

in (babies) בייביס like anyone else. In the meantime, his wife dresses the ,(jogging) וגינג’לג

,(cottage cheese) קוטג feeds them ,(kickers, sneakers) קיקרס puts on their ,(t-shirts) טיששרטס

gives them chocolate milk to drink until the קרייזי returns. She puts the טוסטר (toaster) און (on)

and when he returns, they sit ואניהא קפסטלבר (anyhow for breakfast) of ספלנדיד וקפה קריקרס

(crackers and splendid coffee). And before you can say “Jack Robinson,” he is already stuck in

.(downtown) לדאונטאון on his way (traffic) טרפיק

She in the meantime begins ראן טו (to run) the משינרי (machinery), וההלנדר המיקסר (the mixer

and the blender), והשטינקר הקלינר (the cleaner and the “stinker”-dog), that ran outside!

And the husband, after he quit two or three טיים (times), began smoking “Kent” (“Marlboro is

not his טי אופ קאפ- cup of tea!). He made a קול דיסטנס לונג (long distance call) to his brother in

Miami and three to his broker and went סואיסייד קומיט טו (to commit suicide) in a pile of פיילס

(files).

And she, where is she? במינימרקט? (in the minimarket?)- No. בסופרמרקט? (In the supermarket?)-

No and no. בהיפרמרקט? (in the hypermarket?)- No, No, No! יקי או (okay), בדראגסטור! (In the

drugstore!) Who else but her is buying אגיב (baggy) pants and אלייןאיט לליידי ,(Italian boots) בוטס

(for a lady). And what for him? Maybe a בלייזר (blazer) or אפטרשייב (aftershave). Or, perhaps a

(!You know, he likes it) !איט לייקס הי ,נו יו .(naked girls) גרלס נייקיד with (Penthouse) ”פנטהאוז“

And what about our בוי יאנג? (our young boy?) What, another six קסטות (cassettes), סיק גוד פור

(for God’s sake!) He also has a סטריאו (stereo), and also וידאו (video)! Also טייפ (tapes)! יו

(my boy) !בוי מי (You exaggerate) !אגזגרייט

It’s lucky that there is also a שופ פוטו (photo shop) here. קליק (click)- here is a פוטו פספורט

(passport photo). גאש (gosh)! ניא (anyhow, we are booking a charter) ארטר’לצ בוקינג עושים ,האו

!707 and we are off to America (Boeing) בואינג

But what? Here in Israel, we also have it all! שי ,נו יו שי ,(you know, we have pubs) פאבס

you can ,(you know) נו יו .(disco) דיסקו we have lots and lots of ,(we have nightclubs) נייטקלאבס

also relax over דרינקס (drinks) or simply stay הום אט (at home)- there is plenty of בטי הנטרטיינמנט

(funk) פאנק there is Rod Stewart, and Olivia Newton-John. There is :(entertainment on TV) וי

and more!

And this is so people don’t say that this was not what life is really like! I am saying the opposite-

we have so much more now than we did before! What is there to say? קומפליין נו (no complaint)!

I am totally האפי (happy)! And anyone who does not feel this way should go to America! I am

staying here- I am an Israeli!

תשב

7 מספר שיחה


Origin of the Word: Babylonia


Dictionary Definition: The name of the seventh day of the week, the day of rest during which

we take a break from working.

Phrases:

The first Shabbat after the holiday of Sukkot during which the first parasha in the-בראשית שבת

Torah, Breisheet, is read

The Shabbat before the holiday of Pesach -הגדול שבת

The Shabbat after Tisha B’Av -נחמו שבת

The Shabbat before Tisha B’Av -חזון שבת

The Shabbat before Purim -זכור שבת

Traditional Shabbat greeting -שלום שבת

Key Words:

Strike -שביתה

The planet Saturn -שבתאי כוכב

Idols -אלים

Sun -שמש

Moon -ירח

God of thunder -הרעם אל

Creation of the world -העולם בריאת

Based -מבוסס

Serial Number -סידורי מספר

Purpose -תכלית

Central -מרכזי


Why isn’t every day שבת? What do you think?

Why don’t the other days of the Hebrew week have names except for שבת? (The other days of

the week are just called by their numbers; ראשון יום, Sunday, is the first day of the week.)

What is the meaning of the word “שבת?”

What is the connection between the word “שבת” and the word “שביתה” (meaning strike)?

What is the connection between the word “שבת” and “תישב הכוכב ” (the planet Saturn)?

Did you know that the word “שבת” exists in many other languages?

Italians, Serbs, and Slovakians call the last day of the week “Sabato.”

In Russian, it is called “Subota”

In Hungarian, it is called “Szombat”

In German, it is called “Zamstag”

In French, it is called “Samedi”

In Christianity, the names of the days of the week are related to the names of stars and “אלים,”

and our English names reflect this as well:

Sunday is, ראשון יום, or השמש יום

Monday is שני יום, or םיו הירח

Tuesday is שלישי יום, named after the Norse god Tyr

Wednesday is רביעי יום, named after the Anglo-Saxon god Odin (or Wodin)

Thursday is חמישי יום, named after הרעם אל, Thor, the Norse god of thunder

Friday is שישי יום, named after Freya, a goddess of love

Shabbat in Judaism:

In the Torah, שבת was the day on which God finished creating the world, and שבת, took a break,

from working. This is how we get the name of the day, Shabbat. In Judaism, this day became the

weekly day of rest: וישבות ,עשה אשר מלאכתו מכל השביעי ביום אלהים ויכל .צבאם וכל והארץ השמים ויכלו

ברא אשר ,מלאכתו מכל שבת בו כי ,אותו ויקדש השביעי יום את אלהים ויברך .עשה אשר מלאכתו מכל השביעי ביום

And the heavens and the earth and everything in them were completed. God) ”.לעשות אלהים

finished creating the Shabbat day and all of God’s other word. Then God rested on the seventh

day from all of the work that God had done. God blessed theseventh day and made it holy,

because it was on this day that God stopped working and creating.)

In Hebrew, the names of the days of the week סידוריים מספרי על מבוסס of each of those days in

the week, except for the seventh day- we do not call it השביעי יום but שבת. Why do you think that

is? One reason can be found in a midrash told about a man named Shamai HaZaken. Every

beautiful thing he found during the week he would save especially for Shabbat. This sends a

clear message to us: שבת is השבוע תכלית. This is the day on which people should not work but

rest, and learn. The names of the other days of the week (or lack of names) help show us how

important שבת is as a מרכזי יום, the central day of the entire week. The Romans connected this

day to the god Saturn, who is called שבתאי in Hebrew. In English, “Saturday” is “Saturn’s Day.”

All over Europe and America, Saturday (along with Sunday) is a day of rest.


What is the origin of the word “cholent,” the special stew that many people eat on Shabbat? It

has French origins. Chaud means חם, hot. Lent means לאט, slow. When you combine these words

you get the slowly cooked food that most Ashkenazi Jews know as “cholent.”


Shabbat is the day of breaking or resting from work, it’s name is not based on the fact that it is

the מרכז of the entire week.

םתיאו (ישיבת)

8 מספר שיחה


Origin of the word: עברית


Dictionary Definition: הקבלה (parallel), the arrangement of one thing so that it matches with

another thing- to coordinate

Phrases:

Coordination Meeting -תיאום ישיבת

Siamese twins -סיימים תאומים

A lie has no legs -רגליים אין לשקר

Key Words:

Parallel -הקבלה

Adjustment -יתאים

Siamese twins -סיימים תאומים

Senior -בכיר

Twins -תאומים

Fit -התאמה

Coordinate -לתאם

Unified Identity -אחידה זהות

Proper -תקין

Root -שורש

ותיותא שיכול - Anagram

Truth -אמת

Strong base -יציב בסיס


What does the הנהלה do almost every morning? What is the connection between סיימים תאומים

and a תיאום ישיבת?

All of the בכיר staff of the camp meet every morning for a meeting that we call a תיאום ישיבת.

What words in עברית do you recognize that are similar to תיאום? What is the connection between

?תיאום ישיבת and תאומים

In עברית there are many words like it: לתאם ,מתאים ,התאמה ,תאומים. All of these words have a

connection to the שורש made of the letters מ.א.ת.

When we do something that fits with something else, that is a הקבלה.

The word that best explains this idea is תאומים. This word describes two siblings who were born

at the same time. In other words, they are connected with each other. They each have a הקבלה, a

connection.

When תאומים are born with their bodies connected they are called סיאמים תאומים, and they share

a אחידה זהות.

From here, when we have תיאום ישיבות every day in camp, we are coordinating and adjusting

schedules, projects, and ideas so that there will not be any confusion, and so that (מתאימים)

everything at camp can run smoothly and be organized.

We meet in order לתאם everything between us.

When someone does something that is not תקין we say that this is “מתאים לא,” or not appropriate.

We do not think the same way about that matter. There is no התאמה between us, we think

differently.

For Your Entertainment:

The Vilna Gaon (a great Jewish scholar) said that מ.א.ת. has the same שורש as אמת. It’s a שיכול

the letters just switched places. That is to say, when we sit and meet about what happens -אותיות

in camp, we are always seeking to speak about האמת.

The word אמת has in it the first letter in the Hebrew alphabet- א, the middle letter- מ, and the last

letter- ת. That is to say, things that are true are right from the beginning to the end. All of these

letters, ת .מ .א. sit on a יציב בסיס, but the letters ר.ק.ש. (lie) are found near each other in the

Hebrew alphabet (and therefore do not have a strong base). In every letter in אמת there are two

“legs” (of the letter) on the ground, but in the word שקר, each letter has only one leg on the

ground.

From here, we get this saying: רגליים אין לשקר!!


In a תיאום ישיבת we coordinate the ideas, projects, and times for everything that happens at

camp.


Who were the first תאומים in the Torah?

שחוד ראש

9 מספר שיחה




Dictionary Definition: The first day of the month

Key Words:

Useful-שימושית

Moon -ירח

Synonyms -נרדפות מילים

Renewal -חידוש

Part -חלק

Plan -מתכנן

Intentions -כוונות

Meal -סעודה

Sanctified -התקדש

Festive -)ת(חגיגי

New Moon -ירח מולד

Adjectives -תואר שמות

התבוא - Grain

Served -מוגש


What word is the most popular and שימושית in Israel? חדשות! (News!)

Today is חודש ראש! What words do you recognize that are related to חודש? Is there a connection

between חודש ראש and ירח? What נרדפות מילים are there for ירח?

There are many words in עברית with the root ש.ד.ח. For example, חדשות (news), חדש (new), חדיש

(modern), and חידוש. Before we say the שמע every day, in חדש אור we say, מעשה יום בכל המחדש

.The One Who makes every day new with acts of Creation .בראשית

In עברית, the word חודש is a period of time- around thirty days that are one חלק out of twelve

sections of the year. However, this was not always the meaning of that word. We can learn about

its other meaning from this story: In the book of I Samuel chapter 20, David is afraid of Saul

and says to Jonathan (Saul’s son) that his father is trying to kill him. They מתכננים a test for

Jonathan to check his father’s כוונות. There was a set time that David always ate a סעודה with

Saul. “לאכול המלך עם אשב ישוב ואנכי מחר חודש הנה יהונתן אל דוד ויאמר.” David said to Jonathan,

“Tomorrow is a new moon, and I am supposed to sit and eat with the king. David decided that

this time, he would not come to eat with the king. “חרמ יהונתן לו ויאמר ”.מושבך יפקד כי ונפקדת חדש

Jonathan said to him (David), “Tomorrow is the new moon, and you will be missed, your seat

will be empty.” The meaning of the word חודש here is is the same as the meaning of the phrase

.חגיגית סעודה and made special with a התקדש This day is .”חודש ראש“

The word חודש comes from the root letters ש.ד.ח. It teaches us about the ירח that is renewed,

when it begins its cycle again. From this meaning of the word חדש, we got the day in which we

see הירח מולד. The connection between a new moon (חדש ירח) and a month (חודש) can also be

seen through a connection with the word ירח, a נרדפת מילה with חודש. In English (and many

other European languages), we also find connections between the words “month” and “moon.”

Words and Sayings From the Root ש.ד.ח.

וחדיש חדש

These are two similar תואר שמות, one that is old and one that is new: חדש, (from the Torah),

represents something that did not exist before, was not used before, or something new that you

own. חדיש, (from modern Hebrew), describes something that is modern, a style that we did not

have before now. Now, can you tell the difference between a telephone that is חדש versus a

telephone that is חדיש?

תוציאו חדש לפני וישן

Something which is new pushes out the old. According to the Torah in Leviticus (Vayikra)

will be so plentiful that you will have to תבואה The ”.תוציאו חדש מפני וישן נושן ישן ואכלתם“ ,26:10

move out the old grain to make room for the new!

לבקרים חדשות ,לבקרים חדשים

We say this about things that occur often. It comes from Lamentations (Eicha) 3:23 (read on

Tisha B’Av): “אמונתך רבה לבקרים חדשים” and means, “They are new in the mornings, great is your

faithfulness.”

השמש תחת חדש אין

This comes from Ecclesiasties (Kohelet) 1:9: “לכ ואין שיעשה הוא שנעשה ומה שיהיה הוא שהיה מה חדש

What was will be, and what was done will be done. There is nothing new under the“ ”.השמש תחת

sun.”

חדש בקנקן ישן יין

Old wine in a new jug. We say this about something that is old and good that is מוגש in

something new. According to the Mishnah Avot 4:20, “בו שיש במה אלא בקנקן תסתכל אל אומר רבי.”

“Rabi said, don’t look at the container but what is inside of it.”


From this root, we have words that are related to התחדשות (renewal).


Do you know other words for the word ירח (moon)?

ורטספ

10 מספר שיחה


Origin of the Word: Greek


Dictionary Definition: All physical activities of the body

Key Words:

Invented -המציא

Exit -יציאה

Outside the gates of the city -העיר לשערי מחוץ אל יציאה

Old -עתיקה

Is developing -ומתפתח הולך

Endurance -סיבולת

Cult-פולחן

Healthy -בריאים

Slogan -סיסמה

The world belongs to young people -לצעירים שייך העולם

Physical activities -הגופניות פעילויות

Gymnastics -התעמלות


What ענף is the most popular at camp? ספורט, of course! All summer, we play on הספורט מגרשי.

We love football, כדורגל ,בסיס כדור, tennis, סל כדור ,כדורעף, and more!

See how we say this word in other languages:

English: sport

Italian: sport

German: sport

French: sport

Russian: sport

Spanish: deporte

These words all sound the same! From where did we take this word in the first place? המציא מי

?and the Maccabees חנוכה and the holiday of ספורט What is the connection between ?ספורט

The origin of the word sport is the Latin word “desperate” which means לשערי מחוץ אל יציאה

In Ancient Greece, the mother of modern sport, physical .(outside the gates of the city) העיר

activities were very important. Since then, מפתחו הולך ספורט (is developing). There is another

opinion that says that the word comes from the Latin word “support,” which means endurance,

Some say that the origin of the word “sport” is the Greek city-state Sparta, because there .סיבולת

sport was considered like a פולחן, a cult. Spartans believed that people needed to be בריאים and

beautiful. Their סיסמה was: לצעירים שייך העולם.

In Hebrew, all הגופניות פעילויות are called התעמלות, from the root ל.מ.ע, meaning work. Surely,

when we exercise the different parts of our body, they are working hard.


The word “sport” comes from Sparta. All ספורט activities we call התעמלות.


One of the great Jewish wise men said: בריא בגוף בריאה נפש (a healthy soul in a healthy body).

Who was this wise man? What was he talking about?

הזמרי





Dictionary Definition: A gathering of singers to present songs.

Key Words:

Consists of -מ מורכבת

Enrich -להעשיר

Suffix -סיומת

Collection -אוסף

To cut -לקצץ ,לחתוך

The bad and negative branches of our bodies and souls -ובנפשינו בגופינו והשליליים הרעים הענפים


What word do you see repeated in the verses below from our תפילות?

”בעודי לאלוהי אזמרה בחיי ’לה אשירה“

(I will sing to God in my with my life, I will sing to God with my strength)

בתודה נזמרה

(We will sing in thanks)

השבת ליום שיר מזמור

(We will sing a song to the Shabbat day)

Answer: the word זמר which means song, or שיר, and its verb לזמר which means to sing, לשיר.

What do we do during a זמריה? During a זמריה, we sing!

The word מורכבת זמריה from: יה+זמר. This is one of the ways להעשיר the Hebrew language: we

take a noun and add a special סיומת. For example, the suffix יה can mean:

a. place- מאפיה ,ספריה (library, baker)

b. collection of things- ברזיה ,צמחיה (vegetation, a drinking fountain)

c. vessels and tools- מימיה ,שמשיה ,מטריה ,אזניה (earphone, umbrella, parasol, canteen)

d. a smaller version of something- נקניקיה ,עוגיה (cookie, hot dog)

e. articles of clothing- מצחיה ,שכמיה (shawl, visor)

f. food- פטריה ,עגבניה ,לחמניה (bun/roll, tomato, mushroom)

The הי - סיומת in the word זמריה represents an אוסף of songs by the different עדות at camp. Each

.sings a special song עדה

Do you know another meaning of the word לזמר?

Here’s a hint: One of the 39 מלאכות (the types of work we are not supposed to do on Shabbat) is

?to cut ,לזמר to sing, and ,לזמר So what is the connection between .לקצץ ,לחתוך like ,לזמר

Rav Kook said that songs are very important and can help us. When we sing, we cut all of the

.The bad and negative branches of our bodies and souls ,ובנפשינו בגופינו והשליליים הרעים הענפים


The word זמריה comes from the word לזמר, to sing, and it also has a connection with the action

of cutting branches.


The Academy for Hebrew Language decided that the word “jungle” would be called a זמריר in

Hebrew, from the root זמר, or song.


How can we cut the bad branches, הרעים ענפים on Shabbat specifically? On Shabbat we say the

line: השבת ליום שיר מזמור. What do you think this means? What might the connection be?

מרמחז





Dictionary Definition: A combination of מחנה (play) and זמר (song)- a musical

Key Words:

Remember -זוכרים

Impressive -מרשים

Show -הצגה

Rhinoceros -קרנף

Cable railway -רכבל

Soccer -כדורגל

Lighthouse -מגדלור

Appearance -מראה

Revelation -התגלות

Playwright -מחזאי

Visualize -לחזות

Astrologer-בכוכבים חוזה


What do we זוכרים most about camp many years later? What is the thing that is most מרשים and

amazing over the course of the summer? Of course, the play that each עדה does is the most fun

part of the summer!

But how did we get the word מחזמר? Do you recognize any other words in Hebrew that are a

combination of two nouns? This word is made up of the two nouns זמר + מחזה, what we also call

a הצגה.

This is another way to enrich the Hebrew language. Here are more examples of words that are

combinations of two nouns:

קרנף =)horn + nose( אף +קרן

רכבל=)car + cable( כבל+רכב

כדורגל=)ball +foot(רגל+כדור

=)tower +light( אור+מגדל ורמגדל

We already talked about the word זמר; what about the word מחזה? The word מחזה can mean a

a picture. This word is found many times in the Tanakh, such as here in Genesis ,מראה

(Breisheet): “במחזה אברהם אל דבר ’ה דבר היה” (The word of God came to Abraham in a vision.) In

other words, Abraham has a התגלות of God in a מחזה, a מראה.

What do we call someone who writes a מחזה? A מחזאי!

From this word, we also get the verb לחזות, such as in Psalm 27:” בהיכלו ולבקר ’ה בנועם לחזות” (To

look at God’s beauty and to visit God’s temple.). Or, in the עמידה every day: “בשובך עינינו ותחזינה

םבכוכבי חוזה“ We also have the saying .(May our eyes see Your return to Zion) ”לציון .”


When we come to see a show that includes songs, we are seeing a מחזמר.


Who was the חוזה (dreamer) of the Jewish state?

הודיריק





Dictionary Definition: A collection of dances and dancers.

Phrases:

Dance to the tune of something -משהו של החליל לפי לרקוד

Dance at two weddings -חתונות שתי על לרקוד

Key Words:

Dance -ריקוד

Heaven forbid -וחלילה חס

Back again-חלילה חוזר

Displays -מציגה

Collection -אוסף

Dance out -במחול יוצא

Synonym -נרדפת מילה

Dancing in the vineyards -בכרמים מחוללות

Matchmaking Day -השידוכים יום

Goes around -מקיף

Cycle -במחזוריות

God forbid -ושלום חס


What is another word that you know for ריקוד? What is the connection between ריקוד and חס

ילהוחל and חלילה לחזור? What is the connection between ריקוד and Yom Kippur?

We’ve already discussed זמריה and מחזמר, but we also love לרקוד, and at camp there are many

times that we dance. We also have a special evening in which each עדה can קודרי מציגה ; we call

this ריקודיה.

We’re already talked about the suffix יה. We said that it can represent an אוסף of something. Just

as we have an אוסף of songs that we call זמריה, we also have an אוסף of dances that we call

.ריקודיה

The word ריקוד means to move, מחולב לצאת , to jump for joy.

From this, we get the saying: משהו של החליל לפי לרקוד. In other words, to carry something out

according to one’s own understanding. (To march to your own beat)

We also have the saying: חתונות שתי על לרקוד, or to do two things at once.

In Hebrew, we have a נרדפת מילה for ריקוד; that word is מחול. We have written in the Mishnah

(Taanit 4:8): Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: There were no days as good for the Jews as the

15th of Av or Yom Kippur, because on those days, the young women of Israel would go out in

borrowed white garments so as not to embarrass those who did not have much. All of the

garments needed to be dipped (in the Mikvah). And the daughters of Jerusalem would go out

and בכרמים מחוללות.

If ריקוד is the same as מחול, then רקדן (dancer) is the same as מחולל. As it is written in the Torah,

And Miriam the) ”.ובמחולות בתופים אחריה הנשים כל ותצאנה בידה התוף את אהרון אחות הנביאה מרים ותקח

prophet, the sister of Aaron, took the drum in her hand and all of the women came out after her

with drums and dance.)

This is what we call האהבה יום, the day of love, השידוכים יום. The daughters of Israel go out to the

vineyards and there they would dance and meet young men.

The meaning of וחלילה חוזר is to return again and again, something מקיף and comes back to its

starting point. חלילה is linked with the word מחול or ריקוד, and מחוללים is the same as רוקדים. The

concept of going in a circle is the link between them. The מחולל dances in a circle, and the חלילה

is the return of something over and over to its starting point, just like a circle.

The process of מחזוריות, the repeating of something in a cycle, is described in the Mishnah as

.חלילה חוזר

There is a new saying, חלילהו חס , that combines the idea of חלילה from the Tanakh and שלוםו חס

from the Talmud. Today, we say חלילהו חס . In the Middle Ages, people would say: וחס חלילה.

Today, we have similar sayings that come from many different time periods: חלילה from the

Tanakh, שלוםו חס from the Talmud, וחס חלילה from the Middle Ages, and וחלילה חס from our

time. None are linked in their origin to חלילה חוזר.


The words לחולל and לרקוד have the same meaning. In a רקודיה, we all dance.


According to the idea that לחולל and לרקוד are synonyms, what additional name would the

Academy of Hebrew Language suggest for רקודיה?

תמוז ז’י



Origin of the Word: Babylonian


Dictionary Definition: The fourth month of the Biblical calendar

Key Words:

Fast -צמים

Source -מקור

Hebrew calendar -העברי השנה לוח

Babylonian Exile -בבל גלות

Idol -אליל

God of fertility -הפריון אל

Heat -חום

Low heat melts metal -נמוך מחום שניתכת מתכת

Melting -נמסות

Crab -סרטן

Constellation -הכוכבים מערכת

טניסר Multiplying water crabs -המתרבים המים

Troubles -צרות

Began the siege of Jerusalem -ירושלים על המצור החל

Mourning customs -אבלות מנהגי

Tablets (of the commandments) were broken -הברית לוחות נשברו

Between the bridges -המצרים בין


Who knows the origin of the word תמוז? Why do we צמים on תמוז ז”י? How much time is there

between תמוז ז”י and באב תשעה? What do we call these days between the two fasts?

The מקור of the name of the month is like that of all of the other names of the months השני בלוח

is mentioned in the Tanakh as the name of ”תמוז“ The name .בבל בגלות they all originated :העברי

the Babylonian אליל: the הפריון אל. This אליל is mentioned in the book of Ezekiel (8:14): “ויבא

נההצפו אל אשר ’ה בית שער פתח אל אתי Then He brought me to) ”.התמוז את מבכות ישבות הנשים שם והנה

the opening of the gate of God’s house in the north, and behold, there were women sitting and

crying for Tammuz.) The origin of the name, according to the commentators discussing this

verse, is an aramaic word that means חום. This god would use heat to do his work, and his eyes,

which would נמוך בחום שניתכת ממתכת, were portrayed as נמסות, so that it looked like the statues

of him were crying. This name was given to the month in the middle of the summer, to

symbolize the heat of the summer.

The name תמוז is also the Arabic and Turkish name for the month of July, on the Gregorian

Calendar.

The astrological sign of the month is סרטן, because of the כוכבים מערכת that looks like a סרטן that

can be seen in the sky during this month, and also because of המתרבים המים סרטני during this

month.

The month of תמוז is very important in העברי השנה לוח, because it was during this month that the

people of Israel experienced many צרות throughout history.

The date תמוז ז”י, when ירושלים על המצור הכל, was established by the rabbis as a fast day that

begins השבועות שלושת, the three weeks between תמוז ז”י and באב תשעה, when the Temple was

destroyed in Jerusalem.

These three weeks are called “המצרים בין” because of a verse in איכה (Lamentations 1:3): “גלתה

Judah has gone into) ”.המצרים בין השיגוה רודפיה כל מנח מצאה ולא בגויים ישבה היא עבודה ומרב ,מעני יהודה

exile because of affliction and great slavery. She dwells among the nations and finds no rest. All

of her pursuers overtook her between the bridges.)

During this period, many Jewish communities adopted the custom of observing אבלות מנהגי on

this day.

There are five things that the rabbis described happening on תמוז ז”י and five on באב תשעה:

On תמוז ז”י: the תמיד sacrifice was discontinued, הברית לוחות נשברו, the city was breached,

Apastimos burned the Torah, and an idol was put up in the hall of the Temple.

On באב תשעה: Our ancestors were told that they would not enter the land of Israel, the first

Temple was destroyed, the second Temple was destroyed, Beitar was captured, and the city of

Jerusalem was destroyed.

As it says in Mishnah Taanit 4:6: “בשמחה ממעטין אב משנכנס” (When Av starts, we decrease our

happiness)


The name תמוז is that of a Babylonian god who dies and is born anew during the summer. In

Judaism, this is the fourth month, the month during which the walls of Jerusalem were broken.

For Your Entertainment: There is a verse in the Tanakh, in Genesis (Breisheet 15:13) that includes all of the fast days:

(.It will surely be known to you that your offspring will be strangers) ”זרעך יהיה גר כי תדע ידוע“

דעי טבת ’י =

באב תשעה = תדע

כיפור יום = כי

)אסתר תענית( אדר ג”י = גר כי

)גדליה צום( תשרי ’ג = גר

תמוז ז”י = זרעך יהיה

בא חודש

השיח 15 מספר



Origin of the Word: Babylonian

Dictionary Definition: The fifth month of the biblical calendar. The month in which, according

to tradition, the Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed.

Key Words:

Spring -אביב

Reeds -סוף קני ,קנים

To harvest -לקצור

Fire -אש

Month of harvest -היבולים חודש

Cut trees for the altar campaign -המזבח שעל המערכה לצורך עצים חתכו

Exposes -חושפים

Calamity -פורענות

Mourning -אבלות

Peak -שיא

Destruction -חורבן

יהאר - Lion

Redemption -גאולה

Reduce -ממעטים

Careful -מקפידים

Acrostic -אקרוסטיכון


What important word does the word אב remind you of? What is the connection between אבא and

the month of אב? What is the connection between אב and אביב? The month of אב is the fifth

month of the year beginning with ניסן, the first month of the year in the time of the first Temple.

The name of the month, just like the names of the other months, comes from בבל גלות, the

Babylonian exile. It’s root is from the Akkadian word “abo,” or קנים. In Babylonian, the meaning

of the word is אש. This month is called אב because of the great heat that we feel at this time of

year. Others say that the name comes from “abo sarni” which means היבולים חודש. During this

month, it was customary הקנים את לקצור for different needs. In the Temple, the month of אב

marked the end of the time in which, according to the Babylonian Talmud (Bava Batra 121a)

they המזבח שעל המערכה לצורך עצים חתכו.

The word גלות, or exile, is one of the most important words in the history of the Jewish people.

This was the event during which the people had to leave the land of Israel for other lands that did

not belong to them, lands in which they did not choose to live. The word גלות usually refers to

the land to which the Jews were exiled, or to the land from which they were expelled. The phrase

for example, refers to the exile of the people of Judah, who were expelled to live in ,יהודה גלות

Babylonia by the Babylonians.

The root of the word גלות is ה.ל.ג, and from it we get the similar word גולה, or diaspora. From this

root we recognize other words, such as גלוי (revealed), תגלית (discover), and more. What is the

connection between these words and the people who went into גלות? One who goes into גלות is

someone whom others חושפים from his or her place of origin, from his or her land.

When we talk about something that is long and boring, we say: הגלות כאורך ארוך (as long as the

exile).

The month of אב is also called אב מנחם (Av of Consolation) because many believe that this is a

month of ואבלות פורענות on the Hebrew calendar, that came to שיא with the חורבן of the Temple

on באב תשעה. There is an aggadah in the Talmud that tells that the Mashiach will be born during

the month of אב and his name will be מנחם (Menachem).

According to Jewish tradition, the astrological sign of this month is an אריה. This sign is

connected with the blessing of Bilam: יתנשא וכארי יקום כלביא עם הן” (They are a nation that rises

up like a lion.) That is to say, despite the decrees and troubles that they faced, the nation will rise

up from the חורבן to גאולה.

The rabbis said in the Mishnah (Taanit 26:2): “בשמחה ממעטין אב משנכנס” (When the month of Av

comes in, we reduce our happiness), because the days of this month are days of mourning for the

destruction of the Temple. Therefore, we do not make celebratory feasts, eat meat, or drink wine.

Sephardic Jews are מקפידים only for the week of באב תשעה, from after the end of חזון שבת until

after באב תשעה.


The name of the month of אב comes from the word אביב (barley), the crop that is harvested

during this month. During this month we mourn for the חורבן of the Temple and the גלות.


What book of the Tanakh has five chapters, four of which are written in אקרוסטיכון?


In the Shulchan Aruch, there is a trick to remember all of the important Jewish holidays,

beginning with Pesach. It goes according to the language of ש”ב ת”א (The first and last letters

match up, 2nd and 2nd from last, and so on).

First day of Pesach (א) (ת) באב תשעה

Second day of Pesach (ב) Shavuot, Yom Yerushalayim (ש)

Third day of Pesach (ג) Rosh Hashana and Rishon (first days) of Sukkot and Shemini Atzeret (ר)

Fourth day of Pesach (ד) Simchat Torah (Kriyat-Reading the Torah) (ק)

Fifth day of Pesach (ה) Yom Kippur (and other Fast Days) (צ)

Sixth day of Pesach (ו) Purim (פ)

Seventh day of Pesach (ז) Yom Haatzmaut (ע)

במחנה חשובות שבתות

נחמו שבת + חזון שבת



Origin of the Words: עברית


Word Key:

Prophetic picture -נבואית תמונה

To observe -ולהתבונן להסתכל

Prophet -חוזה

Famous -מפורסמים

Establishment of the (Jewish) state -המדינה הקמת

Play -מחזה

Playwright -מחזאי

Vision -חזיון

Outlook -חזות

Weather -אוויר מזג

Forecaster -חזאי

Comfort -נחמו

Series -סדרה


חזון שבת

The שבת before באב תשעה is called “Shabta Deporanuta” and also חזון שבת, named after the הפטרה

that begins with the words: “אמוץ בן ישעיהו חזון” (The vision of Isaiah son of Amotz)

A חזון is a נבואית תמונה, a prophecy that the world will become a better place. The word חזון

comes from the root ה.ז.ח. The meaning of the word לחזות means ולהתבונן להסתכל. A person who

is a חוזה generally refers to someone who can see the future, things that a normal person would

not be able to see. A person who looks at the stars for signs of prophecy is called a “חוזה

(The Jewish State) ”היהודים מדינת“ Benjamin Ze’ev (Theodore) Herzl wrote the book ”.בכוכבים

more than 120 years ago, and in it he spoke of a state that would one day belong to the Jews.

When we speak of the prophets of Israel, many מפורסמים חזונות come to mind: “הימים אחרית חזות”

(The vision of the end of days) was the prophecy of Isaiah which predicted the days in which

there would be peace all over the world. “היבשות העצמות חזון” (The vision of the dry bones) was

the prophecy of Ezekiel which spoke of the dead coming back to life. The prophecy of Herzl and

his fellow dreamers about ישראל מדינת הקמת is called “הציוני החזון” (The Zionist Vision).

There are other words that come from the root ה.ז.ח. When we to go the theater, we see a מחזה,

and the person who wrote it is called a מחזאי. A show that we both see and hear is called a חזיון.

The way things seem to us: people, homes, and more about our lives, is called חזות, or outlook.

When we want to know what the אוויר מזג will be, to know what kind of clothing to wear, we

listen to האוויר מזג תחזית (the weather forecast) on the television or radio, to hear what the חזאי

says. The חזאי, just like the חוזה, predicts something; he predicts האוויר מזג.

נחמו שבת

There is another important שבת during the month of אב, called נחמו שבת. This is the first שבת after

in which Isaiah tells the ,הפטרה also gets its name from the first words of its שבת This .באב תשעה

people “עמי נחמו נחמו” (Be comforted, my people). After this שבת, we begin to read a סדרה of

seven הפטרות of נחמה (comfort) that lead up to השנה ראש. These שבתות are known as “שבעה

.(the seven of comfort) ”דנחמתא


Can you read this sentence?

אבאאבאבאבאבלאבבבאב

Hint: It is connected with the month of אב.

הורים (יום)





Dictionary Definition: A mother and father

Key Words:

Teaching -הוראה

Mount Moriah -המוריה הר

Direction -כיוון

Role -התפקיד

Established -הוקם

To show -להראות

Myrrh -מור

Fear -יראה


In your opinion, what is the relationship between: המוריה הר ,מורים ,הוראה ,הורים?

They all come from the same root in עברית: the letters ה.ר.י. which means כיוון, way, and indeed,

the תפקיד of הורים is להורות, to instruct, להראות the correct way, just like a מורה (teacher) and הר

.הוקם upon which the Temple ,המוריה

The rabbis suggested many explanations for the name “מוריה”:

-From the language of הוראה- It was from המוריה הר that הוראה to the people of Israel.

-From the language of מור- It was from this mountain that sacrifices were offered, and the

incense rose.

-From the language of יראה- This mountain evokes ה יראת’(the fear of God)


The role of המוריה והר ,מורים ,הורים is להראות the correct כיוון, the right path.


A student once wrote to me:

In school they want us to,

-get up in the morning like תרנגולים (chickens)

-run to school like איילות (gazelles)

-to be diligent like נמלים (ants)

-to copy from the blackboard like קופים (monkeys)

-and to sit quietly like דגים (fish)

... after all of that, the teachers are angry and wonder why we act like חיות (animals)!

דואר (יום)



Origin of the Word: Aramaic


Dictionary Definition: A way of sending letters, telegrams, and packages all over the world

Phrases:

Air mail -אוויר דואר

Certified mail -רשום דואר

PO box -דואר תא

Carrier pigeon -דואר יונת

E-mail -אלקטרוני דואר

Key Words:

Ball -כדור

Mailman -דוור

Campfire -מדורה

Transfer -להעביר

שלוחמ - Shipping

Package -חבילה

Turned -הסתובב

In ancient times -קדם בימי

Message -הודעה

Round- עגול ,מעגל

Generation -דור

Apartment -דירה


Is there a connection between כדור and דואר or דוור? How is מדורה connected to these words as

well?

Well, דואר is a way להעביר words in text or money, or משלוח by means of a letter or a חבילה.

Anything that is sent in the דואר is called a “דואר דבר.” The דואר is delivered by the דוור.

The meaning of the word דואר comes from the Aramaic word for הסתובב. This is because בימי

for many days in order to deliver להסתובב something, one would need להעביר in order ,קדם

on orally, through word of mouth, but when writing הודעות At first, people passed .ההודעה

developed, they began sending written הודעות on paper and papyrus.

If the word דואר is connected with the word סביב (moving around), you can also see that a כדור is

.מסתובב it rolls, and ,עגול

From this, we can also connect the word דור- it’s connected to the rotation (סבב) of the years,

.(the circle of life) חיים מעגל

The word דירה is also connected to דור words, because in the past, homes were built in the shape

of a מעגל.

Even מדורה is related- we sit in a מעגל around it.

The מסתובב דוור, he walks around, and delivers דואר.


The word דואר comes from דור which means to go around. From here, we get words like: דוור,

.All of these words relate to the concept of going around .מדורה ,דואר ,כדור


What word did Eliezer ben Yehuda first come up in Hebrew instead of “דואר”?

Hint: The runners went out quickly (to deliver the message).


The Arabic saying באלאק דיר is related to our word דואר as well. Just as we explained that דור and

we mean to say to be באלאק דיר and going around, when we say הסתובב are related to דירה

careful, change your focus and attention, and turn to go in the right direction.

באב טו





Dictionary Definition: A holiday that was established in Israel during the time of the Second

Temple, during which the young women of Jerusalem would go out and dance in the vineyards.

Key Words:

Hatred -שנאה

Reconciliation -פיוס

Echoes -הדים

Go out in borrowed white clothing -שאולין לבן בכלי יוצאות

To cause shame -לביש

Dancing in the vineyards -בכרמים )רוקדות( מחוללות

Find partners -זוג בני למצוא

Vintage -בציר

Establishment of the (Jewish) state -המדינה הקמת

It is traditional events in the secular public -הוא החילוני בציבור המסורתיים אירועים

Performances -זמר מופעי

Adopted -אימצה

Singles -ופנויות פנויים

Weddings -חתונות


In your opinion, what is the meaning of the word אהבה (love)? שנאה? What is the connection

between Yom Kippur and באב טו?

The fifteenth day of אב is celebrated in the fifth month (according to the biblical calendar). The

month of אב is filled with mourning, until we get to באב טו which is a day of happiness and love.

In Israel, באב טו is celebrated as a day of אהבה and פיוס. The הדים of this holiday can be found in

the Tanakh in the book of שופטים (Judges). In the Mishnah, as the end of Tractate Taanit the day

is described:

Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said, “There were no days as great in Israel as באב טו and יום

לביש in order not ,שאולין לבן בכלי יוצאות On these days, the young women of Jerusalem .הכפורים

anyone who did not have their own. And the young women of Jerusalem went out and מחוללות

”.בכרמים )רוקדות(

On this holiday, the young women of Jerusalem would wear white clothing and go out to dance

in the vineyards in order זוג בני למצוא.

From the Tanakh, it’s clear that this holiday is mentioned as related to כרמים and to בציר. The

holiday of באב טו comes at the time of הענבים בציר (grape harvest), between July and September.

The connection between כרמים and אהבה can be found in the book השירים שיר (Song of Songs).

In modern Israel, after המדינה הקמת, we have come back to this holiday, and call it וולנטיין יום

(Valentine’s Day). One of the סורתייםהמ אירועים (אהבה ליל) an evening of love הוא החילוני בציבור

on the beach of the כינרת (Sea of Galilee). There are זמר מופעי for anyone who attends. In recent

years, the religious community אימצה this day, and there are many gatherings of ופנויות פנויים as

well as many חתונות all over the country on באב טו.


The holiday of באב טו is a day of love that we first learn about in the book of שופתים (Judges) in

the Tanakh.


The numeric value (in gematria) of אהבה is 13. What else in Judaism is connected to the number

13?


There are many holidays in Judaism that come on the 15th day of the month. “אורה היתה ליהודים

:When there is light, there is happiness .(For the Jews there was light and happiness) ”ושמחה

The 15th of ניסן is פסח

The 15th of אב is האהבה חג (The holiday of love)

The 15th of תשרי is סוכות

The 15th of שבט is האילנות חג ,בשבט טו (Tu Bishvat, the holiday of the trees)

The 15th of אדר is פורים שושן

ושנאה אהבה





Dictionary Definition: אהבה- A strong feeling of connectedness and being drawn to another

person. שנאה- The opposite of אהבה.

Phrases of אהבה:

Platonic love -אפלטונית אהבה

האהב Egoism, loving yourself -עצמית

Love for other people -הבריות אהבת

Love of money -בצע אהבת

Phrases of שנאה:

Hatred of cruelty -חמס שנאת

Hate for no reason -חינם שנאת

Strong hatred -מוות שנאת

Everlasting hatred -עולם שנאת

Key Words:

Similarity -דמיון

אהבותהת - Falling in love

Brotherhood -אחווה

The three principles of the French Revolution -הצרפתית המהפכה של העקרונות שלושת

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity -אחווה ,שוויון ,חירות

”Brotherhood of Warriors“ -”לוחמים אחוות“

Antisemitism -אנטישמיות

ניקוצ שיח היה הסנה - The bush was a thorny bush

Sting -עוקץ


This is a great opportunity to explain the origin of the word אהבה. Let’s look at the word אהבה in

different languages:

בעברית אהבה

Hub in Arabic

Love in English

Amour en Francais

Amore in Italien

Amor in Espanol

Shalik in Swedish

We see that there is a דמיון between many of the the languages, such as French, Italian, and

Spanish, which are all Latin-based languages. The origin of the word “love” is related to לב, or

heart. When we were kids, we drew לבבות, hearts, and wrote “love” in English.

In עברית, the origin of the word אהבה is from “הב”, or to give something. What is אהבה then in

this case? Is it just the desire to receive something from another person? No! “ תואהב ”כמוך לרעך

(love your neighbor as yourself)- just as I enjoy receiving something from another person, so too

do I want to give him/her, because someone else is happy to receive something from me.

In English, there is one word that distinguishes between “to love” and “to fall in love.” It seems

that it is not a coincidence that this extra word, to fall, is exactly what happens in התאהבות. We

fall when we love and are loved.

אחווה

The word אחווה means friendship, closeness between people. המהפכה של העקרונות שלושת

which teaches the ,אח comes from the word אחווה The word .אחווה ,שוויון ,חירות :are הצרפתית

idea that the connection between people is similar to that between siblings.

The saying “לוחמים אחוות” emphasizes the special relationship between people who go to war

together and find themselves in tough situations.

שנאה

What is the origin of the word שנאה?

The Talmud (in Tractate Shabbat Chapter 9) explains the source of אנטישמיות through a play on

words: God gave the Torah to the Jews on סיני הר (Mount Sinai), and סיני and שנאה sound similar.

Because the Torah was given at סיני, there is שנאה in the world against Jews. As the Gemara

explains, “ לעולם שנאה ירדה מכאן כי” (from here, hatred descended on the world).

There are some who say that שנאה comes from the באש הבוער סנה (the burning bush). שיח היה הסנה

עוקץ is someone who שונא that Moses saw. From here, we understand that someone who קוצני

someone else, just like the קוץ on the סנה.

Who is a חבר (friend)? One who מתחבר, helps you to connect with others.

And the ידיד (friend)? He is someone who gives you יד + יד; when you combine them you get the

number value 28 (each 14 =יד). The number 28 also represents כח (strength). This teaches us that

our friends, our ידידות, have כח.

העצמאות יום





Dictionary Definition: The national holiday of the State of Israel that recognizes that day on

which the state was declared.

Key Words:

Independence -עצמאות

Bone -עצם

Celebrating -חוגגים

Opportunity -הזדמנות

Not be dependent on -ב תלוי להיות לא

Functions on its own -עצמו בכוחות שמתפקד מי

Dependent -תלותי

Itself -עצמו

Self-confidence -עצמי בטחון

Self- pity -עצמיים רחמים

Self-service -עצמי שירות

Self-respect -עצמי כבוד

Thirteen horizontal stripes -אופקיים פסים עשר שלושה

Blue rectangle with fifty stars -כוכבים חמישים ובו כחול מלבן

Symbolize -מסמלים

The thirteen original colonies -המקוריות המושבות עשרה שלוש

Rebelled -מרדו


According to your opinion, is there a connection between עצמאות and עצם?

This time of year, we העצמאות חג את חוגגים in the United States of America, so this is an הזדמנות

to talk about the word עצמאות and on words that are connected to it.

To be עצמאי (independent) means תלוי להיות לא on others. Someone who is עצמאי is שמתפקד מי

which is the ,תלות which comes from the word ,תלותי is עצמאי The opposite of .עצמו בכוחות

opposite of the word עצמאות. Someone who is תלוי on another person or thing is תלותי.

The word עצמו means: oneself, and no one else. The word בעצמו means: to do someone oneself

without anyone else’s help. For example: Moses עצמו did the work to save his people. Him, and

no one else. Also: Moses did the work בעצמו, without the help of anyone else. We say that an

egoist only loves עצמו את, thinks only about עצמו, and worries only about עצמו.

Someone who is confident in עצמו has עצמי בטחון, and one who pities עצמו has עצמיים רחמים.

Let’s think of more: עצמי שירות and עצמי כבוד.

The American Flag:

The flag of the United States (הברית ארצות דגל) is a flag that has אופקיים פסים עשר שלושה that are

red and white, and כוכבים חמישים ובו כחול מלבן. The fifty stars מסמלים the fifty states of the

United States, and the thirteen stripes מסמלים the שרהע שלוש against מרדו that המקוריות המושבות

the British, and that were the first states of the United States.


The word עצמאות is related to עצמאי, or תלוי לא. Someone who is not תלוי on anyone else is עצמאי.


The Rav Kook said that the word עצמאות is a combination of א + עצם. The letter א represents

and then that ,אמונה or physical body, a person also needs strong ,עצם or faith. With the ,אמונה

person can have עצמאות.


How many presidents have there been in the United States? How old is the United States?

בזמן הקשורים מושגים





Key Words:

Amusement -שעשועים

Contact, Cleared -שעה

Offering -מנחה

Leisure -פנאי

Twice as much attention -לב תשומת כפליים

Devote -מקדישים

Prayer -שוועה


שעה

According to your opinion, how did we get the word “שעה”? Is there a connection between this

word and שעון (clock)? We sing: “שעשועים ילד אם אפרים לי יקיר הבן” (Is my son Efraim dear? Is he

a delightful child?). We say in the Amidah: “ישראל לעמך שעה”. We sing on Shabbat: “שוועת שעה

?שעשועים as well as שעון and שעה What is the relationship between .”עמי בני

Our story begins with one of the first stories in the Tanakh, when God received the מנחה from

Hevel (Abel), “שעה לא מנחתו ואל קין ואל.” This means that God did not accept Cain’s offering. God

did not שעה, wasn’t open to him, wasn’t פנאי to him. In other words, when I have fun with

someone, I have שעה, I am פנוי (open), I have פנאי. If שעה means פנה, to face someone, then

.לב תשומת כפליים and ,פנאי is twice the שעשועים

On Shabbat we are open, פנויים, just as the writer of יקרא דרור wrote: “עמי בני שוועת שעה” (Take

heed of the cry of my people), turn to accept the prayers of the people of Israel. Just as You paid

attention to the מנחה of Abel, just as You accepted this offering and received it, so too should

You accept my prayer.

A child whom we love a lot and to whom we מקדישים a lot of time, is a child of שעשועים. Just as

Jeremiah said, God loves the people of Israel, who is for God a שעשועים ילד, a child that God

.to whom God devotes a lot of time and love ,מקדיש

In the time of Eliezer Ben Yehuda, a clock was called “ רימו He .(instructor of the hours) ”השעות

invented the word שעון. A שעון shows us why we שועה and give attention to things. It is the

teacher of our time.


The word שעה can mean פנאי, free time. From here we get the word שעון, which shows us the

.our free time ,שעות


When Eliezer Ben Yehuda arrived:

Instead of calling it a book of words (מילים ספר) he called it a מילון (dictionary)

Instead of calling it pajamas, he called it נמנמת

Instead of calling it houses of eyes (עיניים בתי), he called it משקפיים (glasses)

Instead of calling it a teacher of the hours (השעות מורי) he called it a שעון (clock)


1. How was a שעון called in the Tanakh? (Hint: You can find it in II Kings 20)

2. Who wrote the song יקרא דרור? (Hint: You can find the answer in the beginning of each

stanza)

הזמן מילות





Key Words:

Feel -למשש

To precisely define -במדויק אותו להגדיר

The creators of the Hebrew language -העברית השפה של היוצרים

Movement and change -ושינוי תנועה

Renewal -התחדשות

Movement -תנועה

Unintentionally -במקרה

Second division -השנייה החלוקה

Borrowed -שאל

Growing smaller -קטן

Germ -חידק

Self-respect -עצמי כבוד


The word זמן comes from two words: מן זה? It’s impossible למשש it and במדויק אותו להגדיר.

The העברית השפה של היוצרים understood that זמן is a process of changes. If there is no change

and everything remains static, and yesterday is no different from tomorrow, it’s as if there is no

:ושינוי תנועה have meanings related to זמן It seems that all words related to .זמן

שעה

As we saw earlier, it comes from the concept of פנייה (openness), תנועה.

חודש

From renewal, התחדשות

ירח

Comes from רוח, wind, another type of תנועה

שנה

Comes from שינוי

שנייה

It repeats itself constantly, it changes and comes back again

שנייה

The word שנייה in עברית is a “second” in English. Many people may ask: is it במקרה that there is

one word both in Hebrew and in English that has the same two meanings? שנייה means both

coming after what is first, as well as a unit of time. This is not במקרה. In the year 1891 Eliezer

Ben Yehuda explained why he chose the word שנייה to represent 1/60 of a minute, or a second.

He said it means, השנייה החלוקה.

The rabbis agreed to divide each rotation (hour) into sixty units, called minutes. One of these

sixty units was further divided into sixty units, each called a שנייה. Ben Yehuda שאל the word

.עברית from other languages, and translated it into שנייה

In Italian, for example, they still use the original terms of these words: “minuti primi” and

“minuti secondi.” The word “minute” comes from the Latin word “minus” which means קטן, and

is represented by a small line.

The word דק (minute) is also used to describe things that are small, such as חידק, or דק-חי (a

small life). This, במקרה, is the same process that led to the word “microbe”- it comes from the

words “micro bio.”


שעוןל מסביב We don’t use the phrase “around the clock” in Hebrew. There is a saying from the Tanakh

instead: ולילה יומם (day and night). This phrase originates in the book of Joshua. God tells Joshua

after the death of Moses: “ולילה יומם בו והגדת מפיך הזה התורה ספר ימוש לא” (This Torah should not

leave your mouth, but you should speak of it day and night). You can also say: All of the hours

in the day- the whole day and the whole night. Or: without pause.

:כתב עזרא אבן והפרשן המשורר

אין -העבר

The past- is no more

עדיין -העתיד

The future- is not yet

עין כהרף -ההווה

The present- like the blink of an eye

מנין-דאגה

Worry- for what?

והזמן השעוןLet me describe a bank that deposits 86,400 shekel into your account each morning. The bank

does not transfer over what is left at the end of each day to the next day, and each night, it

removes whatever money that was not spent during the day.

What would you do?

Spend every shekel, of course!

In reality, everyone has a bank like this- it’s called זמן. Every morning, it gives you 86,400 שניות.

Every night, like a lost opportunity, it erases every second that you did not use for a worthy

cause. It does not transfer over whatever was not spent during the day. It does not allow for any

“overdraft.”

Each day, it opens a new account for you. Every night, it eliminates the remaining balance from

the day. If you fail to use the moments of the day, the loss is completely your own. There is no

way to go back. There is no way to save for tomorrow’s account. You must live in the present in

the moments of today. This investment is for your betterment, for your health, for your

happiness, and for your success!

The clock ticks, reflecting the best parts of the day!

הזדמנות -זמן

The word הזדמנות refers to a situation in which the time is right to do something. We often use

the phrase “הזדמנויות חלון שנפתח” (that the window of opportunity opened). In other words, now is

the right time to carry out something that had previously been difficult to do, as if the window

had been closed before now. The word “הזדמנות” is from the root נ.מ.ז., because הזדמנות is related

to the right זמן to do something.

There are different types of הזדמנויות. Some are הזדמנויות that need to be utilized immediately,

and we call these “חוזרת בלתי הזדמנויות” (opportunities that won’t return, what we would call

“once in a lifetime”), or “פז הזדמנות”, which in English is known as a “golden opportunity.”

Sometimes we waste a הזדמנות, we don’t take advantage of it when it comes, but sometimes we

are given a “שנייה הזדמנות” (second opportunity or second chance).

There are many words that come from the root נ.מ.ז. that remind us that so much of what we do is

dependent on time, and how much we need to think about it. When we receive a הזמנה

(invitation), it tells us what time the event what we will be attending will start. When we say

during the Pesach Seder “מצרים ביציאת לספר ומזומן מוכן הנני” (I am ready and invited to tell the

story of the Exodus from Egypt), we mean that the time has come to read the story. When we

pay “ מןבמזו ” (in cash), we are saying that we have money at the right time, which is right now.

תפילה





Dictionary Definition: A request to God, a plea

Key Words:

To hope -לקוות

Thought -מחשבה

Judges -שופטים

To incriminate -להפליל

Memorial sign -ולזכרון לאות

To aspire for true law -אמת למשפט לשאוף

Faith -אמונה

Destiny -גורל

Repentance, prayer, and charity remove the evil decree -הגזירה רוע את מעבירים וצדקה תפילה ,תשובה

The main center of prayer -המרכזי התפילה גרעין

Forms -צורות

Must -חייבים


In עברית, the word תפילה comes from the root ל.ל.פ. which means לקוות. As it says in Genesis

יךפנ ראה :יוסף אל ישראל ויאמר“ :48:11 Israel said to) ”זרעך את גם אלהים אתי הראה והנה ,פללתי לא

Joseph: I had not hoped to see your face, but God has shown me both you and your offspring).

According to the Maharal of Prague (a great rabbi), תפילה is connected to מחשבה, as in “עצה הביאו

פלילים are called שופטים just as the ,(You brought advice and made judgment) ”פלילה עשו

(arbitrators), because they judge according to their מחשבות. And people are thinkers... this relates

to the meaning of תפילין as well: תפילין are ולזכרון לאות between the eyes, and זכרון, memory, is in

one’s מחשבה.

According to another interpretation of the word תפילה, the word comes from להפליל, to judge

ourselves. אמת למשפט לשאוף on myself. According to traditional religious אמונה, through תפילה

one’s situation and גורל can change for the better, as we say on Rosh Hashanah: תפילה ,תשובה”

”.הגזירה רוע את מעבירים וצדקה

In Judaism, מתפללים (we pray) three תפילות each day. The morning תפילה is called שחרית תפילת-

the תפילה of the בוקר. The afternoon תפילה is called מנחה תפילת, and the evening תפילה is called

שחרית after תפילה On Shabbat, holidays, and Rosh Chodesh, there is an additional .ערבית תפילת

called מוסף תפילת, which we do in place of מוסף קרבן, the sacrifice that was brought in the Temple

on these days. For all of these תפילות, the המרכזי התפילה גרעין that we repeat in different צורות is

,לעמוד חייבים which comes from the fact that we are ,עמידה תפילת also known as ,עשרה שמונה תפילת

to stand for it.


The word תפילה comes from ל.ל.פ. Each person judges him or herself, and establishes his or her

.גורל


ותפילות אבות

The rabbis taught: The forefathers established our תפילות: Abraham established שחרית תפילת,

Isaac established מנחה תפילת, and Jacob established ערבית תפילת (Jerusalem Talmud Tractate

Brachot 4).

We can see that תשנייה האות, the second letter of each of their names hints at the first letter of the

:that they established תפילה

רהםבא קרב -

חקצי הרייםצ -

קבעי רבע -

We can also use השלישית האות, the third letter of their names matches the third letter of the תפילה

that they established:

הםראב יתרשח -

קחיצ החמנ -

=יעקב אלריש יברמע -


What is the meaning of the word “אמן” that we use so often during תפילה? Is there a connection

with the word אמונה?

תקשורת




Dictionary Definition: Communication, all of the actions that are done in order to connect to

another person, and to pass information from place to place.

Key Words:

תתקשור - Communication

Clothing -תלבושת

Compound -תרכובת

Correspondence -תכתובת

Bridge -גשר

Dialogue -שיח דו

Symposium -שיח רב

No talking while eating -הסעודה בשעת משיחין אין


What word reminds you of the word תקשורת? Is there a connection with the word גשר?

This word shares the same form in Hebrew as the words in this rhyme: תקטולת (killing ability)

sounds like תלבושת, and תרכובת and תכתובת.

The word תקשורת represents that which is related to קשר, or connection.

When we connect two things, we are using a גשר, which is a type of קשר.

While we are talking about תקשורת, we should also talk about:

שיח דוA conversation between two people, a dialogue

שיח רבA conversation between more than two people, what we would call a symposium.

The word שיח comes from שיחה, or conversation.

From this word we get the saying: הסעודה בשעת משיחין אין.


The word תקשורת refers to everything related to the קשר, connection, between people and places.


We spoke in 8 מספר שיחה about תיאום ישיבת and תיאומים. We spoke about the word אמת, and how

each of its parts are ותואמים מתאימים (fitting and coordinate). The opposite of אמת is שקר (lie). A

שקר between different pieces of it. Therefore, a קשר there is no ,(coordination) תיאום has no שקר

is the opposite of a קשר. From this idea, we get the saying: תשקורת היא התקשורת לפעמים

(sometimes communication is a lie).


How did we get the word מכונית (car)? What about אוטו?

המחשב עולם

רמספ שיחה 26



Origin of the Word: Latin, English, Greek

Key Words:

Terms -מונחים

Veteran -ותיקה

Discussion -דיון

Holy books -הקודש ספרי

Distinguish -מבדילים

Symbols -סמלים

Pour, melt -להתיך ,לשפוך

Casting -יציקה

Power system -החשמל מערכת

Wire -חוט

When an electric current that is too large crosses -מדי גדול זרם מעבר

Pop-up mechanism -המנגנון את ”מקפיץ“

Jumping switch -שקפץ המתג

Flavors -טעמים

To mix -לערבב

Fluids -נוזלים

Treatment -הטיפול

רהבחז נשפך - Spill back

Binding -כריכה

Burial shroud -תכריכים

Surround, envelop -לעטוף ,להקיף

Even if a snake is wrapped around his heel -עקבו על כרוך נחש אפילו


The computer only recently entered our world, but now it is difficult to live without it. It’s

worthwhile to note that for all of the different מונחים that are used in המחשב עולם, there are

corresponding words in עברית.

Don’t say “computer,” say מחשב.

Don’t say “screen,” say מסך.

Don’t say “mouse,” say עכבר.

Don’t say “e-mail,” say אלקטרוני דואר

Don’t say “ethernet,” say מרשתת.

Don’t say “printer,” say מדפסת.

Don’t say “file,” say קובץ.

Don’t say “site,” say אתר.

Don’t say “forum,” say דיון קבוצת.

Don’t say “chat,” say ברשת לשוחח.

Don’t say “attachment,” say ורףמצ קובץ or נספח.

Don’t say “disk on key,” or “USB,” say נייד החסן.

Don’t say “backup,” say גיבוי.

Don’t say “font,” say גופן.

פונט

The word גופן (font), is similar to the word גוף (body). This is not only a nice word, but it is also

in דיון and comes from the Babylonian Talmud. There, it has the same meaning: The ,ותיקה

Tractate Megillah discusses the letters with which הקודש ספרי were written. It says there: Here,

in our גופן, and there, in their גופן. (This means, we מבדילים between each גופן (script), our own

writing in עברית, and writing in other languages.) In some places in the Talmud, the word as

written as “גרפן”, a form that is more related to its original root in Greek, “graph.” All of the

words coming from this root are related to סמלים and אותיות, letters.

The source: The Latin verb “fundere” means להתיך ,לשפוך. From here we get the English word

“foundry,” ליציקה or a יציקה-בית (place for casting).

That which spills and flows is “fusus” in Latin. From here, we get the word “fuse” which is in

שמלהח מערכת . A fuse is called a נתיך in עברית.

In the past, not many years ago, there was a “jam” in our power system that was given the

Hebrew name נתיך, because it had a חוט that would melt when מדי גדול זרם מעבר. Today, there is

no נתיך חוט (melting wire) in fuses. Instead, there is a part that has a “המנגנון את ”מקפיץ and stops

the flow of electricity. In order to renew the flow, one needs to restore the שקפץ המתג to its

proper place. Despite the change in technology, we still call the fuse “נתיך.”

This melting, called “fusion” in English, also occurs in the kitchen, when there is a melting, or a

mixing of טעמים. Are you confused? It seems that you are suffering from confusion, which

comes from the same source as “fusion”: Confusion comes from the Latin root “confundere,”

which means to pour together, לערבב. And just so that you don’t end up in a difficult situation

when you need an “infusion,” an insertion of fluid, נוזלים are poured into your body. וחלילה חס

(heaven forbid) that these נוזלים would exit your body by “diffusion,” known as פעפוע in עברית. In

any case, all of this טיפול costs a lot of money that you probably won’t get back. If you do, it’s

called a “refund,” החזר, which comes from that same Latin root, meaning that which is נשפך

”,in the opposite direction. And if they don’t want to refund your money, that is a “refusal ,בחזרה

or דחיייה סירוב.

@ = שטרודל או כרוכית

Is there a connection between the words כריך (sandwich) to כריכה or תכריכים?

They are all related to the root ך.ר.כ. which means עטוףל ,להקיף . In the Mishnah in Tractate

Brachot we read: “עקבו על כרוך נחש אפילו להפסיק לו אסור עשרה שמונה המתפלל.” (One who is praying

the Shmoneh Esreh cannot stop in the middle, even if a snake is wrapped around his heel.) From

here, we can understand that הספר כרך is the part that עוטף a book, the כריכה.

In addition, עוטפים תכריכים, wrap, the dead. Also, a כרוכית, or strudel, is a type of cookie that

comes from this root, because the dough wraps around the filling. A כריך is a sandwich, which

gets its name from the Duke of Sandwich who would כורך his meals in two slices of bread.

In the Pesach Haggadah we learn about Hillel who would כורך matzah and maror together.

Because of this, the name “הללית” was proposed as another term for sandwich.

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Rega Shel Ivrit - English