Refresher Course PS I - Units I & II.pptx

8/10/2019 Refresher Course PS I - Units I & II.pptx

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University of Pune Refresher program

SE Electrical

Subject: Power Systems IUnits- I & II

By

Prof. O. S. PawaskarPVGs COET, Pune


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Contents

Introduction, Teaching Scheme, Marking Schemeetc. SyllabusObjectives & Outcomes of studying specificunitsTeaching PlanTeaching MethodologyBooks to be referredSample Questions

Refresher Course - Power Syestms I 2


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Teaching Scheme Lectures: 4 Hrs / week Theory Paper: 50 Marks Online exam I:Unit I & II : 25 marks Online exam II : Unit III & IV: 25 marks



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Unit I Structure of Electrical Power Systems

Marking SchemeTheory examination 6 Marks

Online examination 13 Marks



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Syllabus: Unit IStructure of Electrical Power Systems:

A) Structure of Electrical Power System , Load curve, loadduration curve, different factors associated with generatingstations such as load factor, demand factor, diversity factor,

plant capacity factor, annual plant use factor, concept of baseload and peak load stations, interconnected grid system. Fittingof available generating stations into the area of load durationcurve, choice of size and number of generator units.

B) Tariff : Introduction of Tariff, Tariff setting principles, desirablecharacteristics of Tariff, residential, commercial, Flat rate, two

part, three part, Time of Day tariff for H.T. & L.T. industrialconsumers along with current electricity charges, Introductionto Availability Based Tariff (ABT), Interruptible tariff,Incentives and penalties.



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Objectives To prepare students to create strong foundation

for core area of power system

To develop multidisciplinary approach, teamwork spirit, decision making ability

To provide students with an academicenvironment, guidelines & professional currierin core industries.



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Outcomes Student will be able to demonstrate knowledge of basic power system.

Student will be able to decide capacity of plant, load availability & selection of

power plant.

Student will be able to understand various types of tariffs

Student will be able to find various equipments used in power stations

(insulators, busbars etc) Student will be able to develop confidence for self education & ability for life

long learning.

Student will be able to demonstrate effectively in verbal, written & design

form.

Student will be able to participate & succeed in core company interview,

competitive exams like GATE.



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Teaching PlanLecture No Topics to be covered

1 Introduction to power System, Structure of Electrical Power System

2 Different factors associated with generating stations such as: Load factor,Demand factor, Diversity factor, Plant capacity factor, Annual plant use factor Concept of base load and peak load stations, Load curve, load duration curve

3 Problems on above topic

4 Interconnected grid systemFitting of available generating stations into the area load duration curveChoice of size and number of generator units.Introduction of Tariff

5 Objectives of TariffTariff setting principlesDesirable characteristics of Tariff

6 Residential, commercial, Flat rate, two part, three part tariffCurrent electricity charges for residential & commercial consumers

7 Time of Day tariff for H.T. & L.T. industrial consumers along with currentelectricity chargesIncentives and penaltiesIntroduction to Availability Based Tariff (ABT) &Interruptible tariff

8 Problems on tariff Refresher Course - Power Syestms I 8


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Power Systems


GENERATION TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION


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Introduction What is Power systems 3 Parts Generation, Transmission, Distribution Single Line Diagram of Power system starting

from generation, primary transmission, secondary

transmission, primary distribution & secondarydistribution Generation

Voltage level Types Few Locations of generating stations in

Maharashtra



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Transmission

Voltage levels Ways of transmission Overhead/Underground Why to transmit power at higher voltages

What is primary & secondary transmission

Distribution Voltage levels Different types of consumers



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* Majority of part from Generation has already

covered in PGT Subject

* Students are going to cover Distribution part in

detail in EIMT subject at TE level

* Hence Majority of syllabus of PS -I covers

Transmission Part of Power systems



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Different factors associated with generatingstations *Load, Maximum demand, Connected load * Demand factor

*Average load Daily, Monthly, Yearly *Load factor Daily, Monthly, Yearly Diversity factor

Plant capacity factor, *Reserve capacityPlant use factor



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For Example

Load Factor Ratio of average load to maximumdemand during a given period is known as loadfactor.

Load Factor = Average Load / MDValue is always less than 1Significance - It helps to determine cost per unit

generationHigher the load factor, lesser will be the cost per

unit generation



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Plant capacity factor = Actual energy produced/Max. energy that could have been produced

OR Plant capacity factor = Average Demand x Time

period / Plant capacity x TOR

Plant capacity factor = MD x LF / Installed capacity



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Load Curve

Types Daily, Monthly, Yearly

Typical nature of load curve Representation of Maximum Demand/PeakLoad in load curve

Information obtained from load curve Use of load curves



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Load Duration Curve How to plot it from load curve

Difference between Load curve & LoadDuration Curve Information obtained from load duration curve



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Base Load & Peak load power stations

What is base load What is peak load What are base load power stations What are peak load power stations Features of base load & peak load stations



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Interconnected grid system Importance of interconnection

What is Interconnected grid system Advantages

Fitting of available generating stations into the

area load duration curve Choice of size and number of generator units



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Numerical based on calculations of load factor,Diversity factor, Plant capacity factor, plantuse factor, MD etc

Numerical based on load curves



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Tariff

Introduction Definition Objectives of Tariff

Tariff Setting Principles Desirable characteristics of tariff Different consumer categories

Types of Tariffs Different tariff structure for different

consumer categories



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Objectives of Tariff

Tariff setting Principles Historical Cost Principle Estimated Cost Principle Marginal Cost Principle Multi Year Tariff (MYT) principle

Desirable characteristics of Tariff



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Different Consumer Categories

Domestic Commercial

Industrial HT & LT Agricultural Municipal

Water works etc



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Types of Tariffs

Flat rate Two part Three Part Time of Day (ToD)/ Time of Use (ToU) Tariff for HT

& LT consumers Availability Based Tariff (ABT) Interruptible Tariff

Current Electricity charges for various consumers

Incentives & Penalties associated with some of abovetariffs & their relation with power factor, connectedload, MD, Load factor etc



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Books to be referred A Text book of Power system Engineering by

Soni, Gupta, Bhatnagar , Dhanpat Rai Publication Transmission & Distribution by J. B. Gupta Power systems Analysis & Design by B.R. Gupta Know Your Power citizens Primer Prayas

Energy group www.mercindia.com www.mahadiscom.in

http://www.mercindia.com/http://www.mahadiscom.in/http://www.mahadiscom.in/http://www.mahadiscom.in/http://www.mahadiscom.in/http://www.mahadiscom.in/http://www.mahadiscom.in/http://www.mercindia.com/http://www.mercindia.com/http://www.mercindia.com/http://www.mercindia.com/http://www.mercindia.com/


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Q2. A generating station has MD of 500 MW, theannual load factor is 50% and capacity factoris 40%. The total energy generated per annumwill be

A) 2.19 x 10 6 MWhB) 1.19 x 10 3 MWhC) 1.19 x 10 3 WhD) 2.19 x 10 6 kWh



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Q3. With increase in diversity factor, cost ofgeneration ______

A) IncreasesB) DecreasesC) Remains constant

D) None of above



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Q4. Generating plant under peak load conditionhave

A) Low load factorB) Capacity to work continuouslyC) High utilization factor

D) All of above



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Q5. The Principle used for setting tariff which is based on cost of supplying additional units ofelectricity, cost of new generation is known as

A) Historical Cost PrincipleB) Estimated Cost PrincipleC) Marginal Cost principleD) None of above



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Q6. An industrial consumer has an annual energyconsumption of 201500 kWh at load factor of0.35. The tariff is Rs. 4000 + Rs. 1200/kW ofMD + Rs. 2.20/kWh. His annual bill will be

A) Rs. 443300B) Rs. 447300C) Rs. 526164D) Data is insufficient



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THANK YOU



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Unit II - Major Electrical equipments inPower Stations & Overhead line

insulators Marking scheme

Theory examination 6 Marks Online examination 12 Marks



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Syllabus: Unit II A) Major Electrical equipments in Power Stations:

Descriptive treatment of ratings of various equipmentsused in power station, Special features, field of use ofequipments like alternators, transformers, bus-bars,exciters and excitation systems, voltage regulators,switches, isolators, reactors, carrier currentequipments (P.L.C.C.), Control panels, metering andother control room equipments in generating stations.

B) Overhead line insulators: Types of insulators &their applications, pin type, suspension type, strain

type insulators, Silicon Rubber insulators, postinsulators, bushings, voltage distribution along stringof suspension insulators, string efficiency, equalizationof potential across each unit.


T hi Pl


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Teaching PlanLecture

No Topics to be covered

1 Major Electrical equipments in Power Stations: Descriptive treatment ofratings of various equipments used in power station, Special features, field ofuse of equipments like alternators, transformers

2 Bus-bars, exciters and excitation systems3 Voltage regulators, Switches, Isolators, Reactors

Carrier current equipments (P.L.C.C.), Control panels, Metering and other

control room equipments4 Overhead line insulators : Types of insulators & their applications

Pin type, Suspension type , Post insulators, Shackle insulators, BushingsStrain type insulators, Silicon Rubber insulators

5 Voltage distribution along string of suspension insulatorsDerivation of String efficiency

6 Equalization of potential across each unit/Methods of improving string efficiency Problems on string efficiency

7 Problems on string efficiency

8 Revision & MCQ Test on Unit I & II



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Major Electrical equipments in Power Stations

Descriptive treatment of ratings of variousequipments used in power station

Special features field of use of equipments


Alternators


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Alternators Exciters & Excitation system Power Transformers

Bus Bars Voltage Regulators Isolators, Switches Lighting Arresters Circuit Breakers & Relays Reactors PLCC equipments

Metering equipments CTs & PTs, Energy Meter Control room equipments Ammeter, Voltmeter,

Frequency meter, PF meter etc



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Alternators

Brief explanation about definition, use Types such as Steam generators, Hydro

generators Specifications/ Ratings given for alternator



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Exciters & Excitation system

Need of Excitation in brief Types of Excitation systems

DC excitation system AC excitation system Static excitation system

Explanation along with circuit diagram, working,advantages, disadvantages



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Power Transformers

Use Difference between Power & Distribution

transformers Cooling methods Specifications of power transformers such as

KVA rating, Rated voltage (HV/LV),Frequency, Connection type (Y/ ), coolingsystem etc



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Bus Bars, Isolators & Switches

Use Types



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Voltage regulators

Automatic Voltage regulator Duties

Qualities / characteristics Principle of operation



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Reactors

Current Limiting Reactors & not Reactorswhich are used in Nuclear power plants Use in brief



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Instrument Transformers

How to identify CT & PT Specifications of CT & PT Standard available ratings for CTs & PTs Use



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Protective Equipments Relays &Circuit Breakers

Use Types Function Specifications operation in brief



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Power Line Carrier Communication: PLCC

Circuit Diagram Operation Use Advantages



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Control Panel & other equipments

Various meters on control panel Other equipments in power station such as

battery room, earthing & earth mats,Lightening arrestors etc.



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Overhead Line Insulators Types

Pin typeSuspension type

Strain type Shackle InsulatorsSilicon Rubber Insulators

Post Insulators BushingsTheir Applications, working, voltage levels,

advantages & disadvantages over the otherRefresher Course - Power Syestms I 53


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Books to be referred

A Text book of Power system Engineering bySoni, Gupta, Bhatnagar, Dhanpat RaiPublication

Transmission & Distribution by J. B. Gupta Power systems Analysis & Design by B.R.

Gupta



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Sample Questions for Online ExamQ1. Isolators are normally operated atA) Full load current conditionB) No load current condition

C) No current conditionD) Fault current condition



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Q2. The amount of excitation provided depends

uponA) Supply voltageB) FrequencyC) Load currentD) None of above



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Q3. Insulators used at voltage level of 132 kV

areA) Pin InsulatorsB) String Insulators

C) Post InsulatorsD) Pin & Shackle Insulators



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Q4. The string efficiency of a string ofsuspension insulators is dependent on

A) Size of insulatorsB) Number of discs in the stringC) Size of tower

D) None of above



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Thank You

Documents

Refresher Course PS I - Units I & II.pptx