REFRACTIVE ERROR 050115.ppt

7/21/2019 REFRACTIVE ERROR 050115.ppt

1/34

REFRACTIVE

ERROR

NOOR ASMAH MD AZMIOPTOMETRIST HSAH

5/1/2015 Visual Assessment 2015


2/34

Re!a"ti#e E!!$!

C$mm$n

E!!$! in t%e $"usin& $ li&%t '( t%e

e(e Cause) )e"!ease) $ Visual A"uit(

Rabun



3/34

Re!a"ti#e E!!$!

M($*ia

H(*e!$*ia

Asti&matism P!es'($*ia



4/34

M+OPIA

S%$!tsi&%te) (rabun jauh),i&%t $"us in !$nt $ t%e !etina



5/34

M+OPIA

Cl$se $'-e"t l$$.s "lea!)istant $'-e"t l$$.s 'lu!



6/34

M+OPIA

S(m*t$ms

lu!!( #isi$n %en l$$.in& at )istant$'-e"ts

T%e nee) t$ s3uint $! *a!tiall( "l$se t%ee(eli)s t$ see "lea!l(

Hea)a"%es "ause) '( e4"essi#e

e(est!ain Di"ult( seein& %ile )!i#in& a #e%i"le

es*e"iall( at ni&%t 6ni&%t m($*ia7



7/34

M+OPIA

In .i)s usuall( )ete"te) )u!in& ea!l(s"%$$l (ea!s

S(m*t$ms in"lu)e

8 S3uintin& t%e e(es

8 Nee) t$ sit "l$se! t$ t%e tele#isi$nm$#ie s"!een $! t%e !$nt $ t%e"lass!$$m



8/34

M+OPIA

S(m*t$ms 6"$nt7

8 H$l) '$$.s #e!( "l$se %ile !ea)in&

8 Seem t$ 'e unaa!e $ )istant$'-e"ts

8 lin. e4"essi#el(

8 Ru''in& e(es !e3uentl(



9/34

H+PEROPIA

,$n&si&%te)ness 6!a'un )e.at7,i&%t !a(s $"us 'e%in) t%e !etina



10/34

H+PEROPIA

Cl$se $'-e"t l$$.s 'lu! )istant $'-e"t l$$.s



11/34

H+PEROPIA

S(m*t$ms

8 Hea)a"%es

8 E(e st!ain8 Di"ult( "$n"ent!atin& $! $"usin&

$n nea!'( $'-e"ts

8 Fati&ue $! %ea)a"%e ate! *e!$!min&a "l$se tas. su"% as !ea)in&



12/34

ASTI9MATISM

Due t$ i!!e&ula! s%a*e $ t%e"$!neaVisi$n 'lu!s at an( )istant



13/34

ASTI9MATISM



14/34

ASTI9MATISM

S(m*t$ms

8 Dist$!te) $! 'lu!!e) ima&e

8 Dis"$m$!t $! i!!itati$n in e(es8 Di"ult( $"usin& $n *!inte) $!)s

$! lines

8 Hea)a"%e



15/34

ASTI9MATISM

S(m*t$ms 6"$nt7

8 Fati&ue in e(es

8 C%il)!en ma( tilt $! tu!n t%ei! %ea) t$&et a "lea!e! ima&e

8 S3uintin&/s3uee:in& e(es t$ &et

"lea!e! ima&e



16/34

PRES+OPIA

Ol) e(eNatu!al *a!t $ a&in& *!$"essC!(stalline lens l$ses ;e4i'ilit( ma.in& it%a!) t$ $"us $n "l$se $'-e"ts


17/34

PRES+OPIA



18/34

PRES+OPIA

S(m*t$ms

8 H$l) !ea)in& mate!ial u!t%e! aa( t$ma.e t%e lette!s "lea!e!

8 lu!!e) #isi$n at n$!mal !ea)in&)istan"e

8 E(est!ain $! %ea)a"%es ate! !ea)in& $!

)$in& "l$se $!.

??S(m*t$ms $!sen %en ti!e) @ in )im

li&%t a!ea5/1/2015 Visual Assessment 2015


19/34

TREATMENT



20/34

,ENSES



21/34

REFRACTION

RA !e!a"ti#e assessment

T$ )ete!mine a**!$*!iate lens *$e!t$ "$!!e"t an( !e!a"ti#e e!!$!

O'-e"ti#e @ su'-e"ti#e



22/34

REFRACTION



23/34

REFRACTION



24/34

C+C,OP,E9IC REFRACTION

A *!$"e)u!e use) t$ )ete!mine a *e!s$nBs!e!a"ti#e e!!$! '( tem*$!a!il( *a!al(:in&t%e mus"les t%at ai) in $"usin& t%e e(e

C("l$*le&i" e(e )!$* a!e use) t$

tem*$!a!il( *a!al(:e $! !ela4 t%e "ilia!('$)( $! $"usin& mus"le $ t%e e(es

N$!mall( $! "%il)!en 'e"ause t%e(

su'"$ns"i$usl( a""$mm$)ate t%ei! e(es)u!in& e(e e4aminati$n ma.in& t%e !esultin#ali)



25/34

AM,+OPIA

,a:( e(e

E(e it%$ut an( *at%$l$&i"al )is$!)e!ails t$ a"%ie#e n$!mal #isual a"uit(e#en it% "$!!e"ti$n $ &lasses

One $! '$t% e(es

Causes un"$!!e"te) !e!a"ti#e e!!$!#isi$n )e*!i#ati$n 6"ata!a"t *t$sis7st!a'ismus



26/34

AM,+OPIA

T!eatment

8 C$!!e"t !e!a"ti#e e!!$!/t!eat t%e"ause

8 Pat"%in& t%e!a*(

8 Penali:ati$n



27/34

PATCHIN9 THERAP+



28/34

ERATOMETER

8!ea)in&

Measu!e "$!neal "u!#atu!e $ t%eante!i$! su!a"e $ t%e "$!nea

Dete!mine t%e *$e! an) a4is $ t%easti&matism



29/34

ERATOMETER



30/34

A8SCAN


31/34

A8SCAN



32/34

COMPARISON



33/34



34/34


Documents

REFRACTIVE ERROR 050115.ppt