DAFTAR ISI

DAFTAR ISI…………………………………………………………………………………....…i

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN.…….................................................................................1

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA…………………………………………………………..2

2.1. KLASIFIKASI NYERI…………………………………………………...2

2.2. PATOFISIOLOGI NYERI

2.2.1 The Gate Control Theory………………………………………….6

2.2.2 Peristiwa Perifer di Nosiseptif…………………………………….7

2.2.3 Sistem Saraf Perifer……………………………………………….7

2.2.4 Sistem Saraf Pusat…………………………………………………9

2.2.5 Sistem Kontrol Desending………………………………………...9

2.2.6 Traktus Spinotalamikus………………………………………….10

2.3. PENGUKURAN NYERI

2.3.1. Visual Analogue Scale…………………………………………...12

2.3.2. Verbal dan Numerical Rating Scales…………………………….12

2.4. TERAPI NYERI

2.4.1. Opioid……………………………………………………………13

2.4.1.1. Morfin...………………………………………………..15

2.4.1.2. Petidin………………………………………………….16

2.4.1.3. Fentanil………………………………………………...18

2.4.2 OPIOID ENDOGEN……………………………………………..18

2.4.3 ANTAGONIS OPIOID

2.4.3.1 Nalokson…………………………………………..……..19

2.4.3.2 Naltrekson………………………………………………..19

2.4.4 PARASETAMOL (asetaminofen) {N-asetil-p.aminofenol}…....20

2.4.4.1 Antidotum Parasetamol……………………………………….21

2.4.5 NSAID…………………………………………………………...22

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2.4.6. WHO Step-Ladder……………………………………………….25

BAB 3 PENUTUP……………………………………………………………….……....27

DAFTAR PUSTAKA……………………………………………………………………….…..28

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