1 i SDMS DocID 212191 4

14420 Albemarle Point Place, Suite 210 Chantilly, Virginia 20151

March 29 , 2010

Ms. Laura Johnso n Remedial Project Manage r U.S. Environmental Protectio n Agenc y 1650 Arch Stree t Philadelphia, P A 19103-202 9

PROJECT:

DOCUMENT NO . SUBJECT:

Contract No. : EP-S3-07-06 Work Assignmen t No. : 025-RICO-C36 8

3330-025-EO-CORR-01078 Interim Evaluation o f Treatability Stud y Effectivenes s Ravenswood PC E Superfund Site , Ravenswood Wes t Virgini a Technical Memorandum (DCN : 3330-025-RT-OTHR-01079 )

Dear Ms . Johnson:

CDM Federa l Programs Corporation (CDM ) is pleased t o submit tw o (2 ) of the above -referenced technica l memorandum i n partial fulfillment o f this work assignment .

Note that one (1 ) copy of the Memorandum ha s been sen t to Mark Slusarski o f th e Wes t Virginia Departmen t o f Environmental Protection , under separat e cover .

We appreciate th e opportunity t o support th e EPA on this project and loo k forward t o completing th e Treatability Study fo r th e site . I f you have an y question s o r comments, pleas e contact me a t .

Sincerely,

Project Manage r CDM Federa l Programs Corporatio n

cc: J . Tralie, RAC 111 Project Officer (3HS42 ) (lette r only ) M. Slusarski, Division o f Land Restoration , WVDE P

, CDM Program Manage r (lette r only ) Document Contro l FUe

consulting . engineering . construction . operations AR301885

i Technical Memorandum

To: Laur a Johnson, EPA RPM

From: , CDM Project Manager

Date: Marct i 29, 2010

Subject: Interi m Evaluation of Treatability Study Effectiveness, Ravenswoo d PCE Superfund Site, Ravenswood, Wes t Virgini a DCN: 3330-025-RT-OTHR-01079

This Technical Memorandu m (TM ) provides a n interim evaluation o f the performance o f th e Air Sparge (AS)/Soi l Vapor Extractio n (SVE ) Treatability Study (TS ) system a t the Ravenswoo d Tetrachloroethene (PCE ) Superfund Sit e (the Site) in Ravenswood, WV . Specifically, thi s memorandum summarize s th e tieatability stud y syste m operational history , the samplin g associated with this study and the system's performance t o support th e finalization o f EPA' s Feasibility Study (FS ) for thi s Site. CDM Federa l Programs Corporation (CDM ) has installed an d operated thi s tieatability stud y syste m at the Site under EP A contract EP-S3-07-06 , Work Assignment 025-RICO-C36 8 for Remedia l Investigation (RI ) and F S services a t the Site.

A fuU presentation o f al l vapor an d groundwate r analytica l dat a discusse d i n this TM, includin g a quality assuranc e revie w o f the data, wiU be included i n the FS and R I reports, respectively . These reports ar e currently i n preparation .

Treatability Stud y Syste m Backgroun d an d Descriptio n CDM conducted th e AS / SV E treatability study syste m instaUation durin g Apri l and Ma y 2009. The treatment uni t (TU ) was transported t o the Ravenswood fro m th e Vienna PCE Superfun d Site in Vienna, WV on May 4, 2009, and syste m startup occure d i n June 2009. Th e SVE and A S elements of th e system operate in conjunction t o volatilize aqueou s phase PCE from th e groundwater an d extrac t the PCE vapors from th e vadose zone . System installation wa s conducted i n accordance with the Working Draf t Treatabilit y Study Pla n issued on October 27 , 2008. The layout o f the completed tieatabUity stud y syste m i s shown o n Figure 1.

The AS weUs inject ai r below the water tabl e to volatilize aqueou s phas e contaminant s i n groundwater. Th e volatilized contaminant s migrat e upward t o the vadose zone , where the y ar e removed b y SVE. Nine AS weUs were installed i n the study area .

For the SVE application, a vacuum i s applied t o extiaction wells installed t n the vadose zone . This vacuum create s a negative pressur e gradien t in the unsaturated zon e causing movemen t of vapors towar d thes e wells. Th e extracted vapors are then tieated b y vapor-phase granula r activated carbo n unit s and discharge d t o the atmosphere . Three SVE wells were instaUe d i n th e study area .

AR301886

Ms. Johnson March 29, 2010 Page 2

The process equipment include s an air coinpressor , a n ai r sparge weU manifold, a n SVE weU manifold, a n air/water separator , an SVE blower, two vapor-phase granula r activate d carbo n (VPGAC) units , and a n exhaust stack. Solenoid valve s in both th e AS and SVE wells aUow th e system Programmable Logi c ContioUer (PLC ) to pulse weUs independently, allowin g greate r contiol and energ y efficiency i n the syste m

Treatability Stud y Operationa l Histor y TreatabiUty study syste m star t up was conducted i n several phases. During the initial tw o months o f operation, only the SVE system was operate d t o sweep PC E vapors from th e subsurface. Afte r monitorin g dat a confirmed tha t no high PCE levels were present in the vados e zone, the AS network wa s activated a t haU capacity whil e continuing t o operate th e SVE unit. This helped ensur e that the sparge ai r did no t rapidly mobUiz e high concentiations o f PCE tha t might be present in the saturated zone , and tha t al l released vapor s would b e captured b y th e SVE vacuum. Followin g the receipt of data confirming tha t there were no releases of elevate d PCE into the vadose zone, the AS system was activated a t full capacity . To ensure effectiv e capture o f sparged vapors , the SVE unit i s operational whenever th e AS wells are functioning .

Initial star t up o f the SVE blower occurred i n June 2009. The AS weU network wa s activated a t haU capacity i n August 2009 and a t fuU capacity beginning in September 2009 . Since initia l system star t up i n June 2009 the system has been running a s designed wit h routine Operation s & Maintenance (O&M ) performed a s necessary .

Treatability Stud y Samplin g

To support th e tieatabUity study , groundwater an d vapo r sample s were collected t o estabUsh baseline conditions , monitor syste m start up an d evaluat e syste m performance. Groundwate r samples wer e analyzed fo r EP A Target Compound Lis t (TCL) volatile organic compound s (VOCs) and semi-volatil e organi c compounds (SVOCs ) by SOMOl.2 low concentiation o r tiace w^ater. Soil vapor sample s were analyzed fo r selecte d chlorinated VOC s by Microseeps, Inc. Standard Operatin g Procedure (SOP ) AM 4.02.

Samples were collected i n accordance with th e Ravenswood Fina l Site Management Pla n (SMP ) Addendum issue d o n December 17 , 2008 SMP (CDM 2008) and th e SMP Addendum 2 issued o n January 19 , 2010.

Groundwater Monitorin g Baseline groundwate r sample s were collected fro m 1 3 monitoring well s and 7 production well s in December 2008 , following screenin g samples collected durin g well installation i n Novembe r 2008. Two subsequent round s o f groundwater samplin g were conducted i n September/Octobe r 2009 and i n February 2010 .

During February 2010 , a supplementary Direc t Push Technolog y (DPT ) investigation t o suppor t a Vapor Intiusio n (VI ) assessment was performed. Groundwate r sample s were coUected fro m

AR301887

Ms.'Johnson . March 29, 2010 Pages

26 points in the shallow groundwater . Althoug h no t part o f the TS, these data ar e used t o enhance the understanding o f the PCE distribution i n the shallow groundwater :

Vapor Monitorin g Baseline samples were collected from th e SVE weUs (SVE-1 , SVE-2, and SVE-3) , dual purpos e wells (MW-06S and MW-llS ) an d vapor monitoring poin t (VP-1 ) immediately prio r t o and afte r system star t up i n Jime 2009. Samples were also collected prio r to and following th e initiation of : air sparging (Augus t 2009) and when th e air sparging syste m was brought up t o full capacit y (September 2009) .

Following these start up an d confirmator y samples , monthly treatmen t system samples wer e collected from th e individual SVE wells, the dual purpose wells , the vapor monitorin g poin t and th e influent an d th e effluent o f the TS treatment uni t beginning in September 2009 .

Sampling Result s an d Discussio n

Groundwater Result s PCE levels have decreased i n areas within th e influence o f the TS system sparge wells , especiaUy in DEP-05S (in front o f the Jackson County Publi c Library), where PCE levels hav e decreased fro m a baseline concentiation o f 370 micrograms pe r lite r (ug/L ) i n December 200 8 to 69 ug/L i n February 2010 . As shown on Figiu"e 2, sampling conducte d prio r t o the star t o f th e TS (May 2007) indicated tha t PCE levels in DEP-05Shad spike d a s high a s 1,200 ug /L afte r remaining stead y i n the 250 ug/L t o 323 range for severa l years . This spUce may have indicate d that a zone of higher contamination ma y have been draw n toward s PW-3.

Concentiations o f PCE at newly instaUed wel l MW-llS (i n the City Maintenance Yar d parkin g lot) have also decreased by nearly 30% from a baseline value o f 93 ug /L i n December 200 8 to 66 ug /L i n February 2010 . PCE levels in MW-06S have decrease d fro m 20 0 ug /L i n Septembe r 2009 to 170 ug/L i n February 2010,.afte r increasin g slightl y from th e Decembe r 200 8 value of 180 ug/L. '

PCE concentiations a t monitoring wells (DEP-07 , DEP-08) outsid e of th e immediate vicinity of the tieatment syste m sparge wells have remained relativel y constan t since the December 200 8 baseline sampling event .

PCE levels in City Production Wel l 3 (PW-3) have increased fro m th e baseline value of 24 ug / L in December 200 8 to 29 ug/L i n January 2010 . Based o n data obtaine d fro m th e City of Ravenswood, PW-3i s screene d fro m 8 0 ft to 90 ft belovv ground surfac e (bgs) . PCE levels in PW-2 and PW- 5 have also increased sinc e baseline sampling . PW-2 has increased fro m no t detecte d (ND) in December 200 8 to 3.4 ug /L i n March 2010 , and PW- 5 has increased fro m 0.4 3 J ug /L i n December 200 8 to 1.4 ug/L i n March 2010 . The increases i n PW-2 and PW- 5 correspond t o shutdown o f PW-3 in early February 2010 . The City has historicaUy pumped PW- 3 at a • relatively high flow rate ; pumping i t whenever othe r nearb y well s were i n operation. Since PW-3 is on the plume sid e of PW-2, this operational strateg y ha s helped t o protect PW-2 and, to a lesser extent , PW-5, from being affected b y th e contamination .

AR301888

Ms. Johnson March 29, 2010 Page 4

The current plume, depicted o n Figure 2, is based on data collected durin g the February 201 0 groundwater samplin g event and the February 201 0 DPT iiwestigation. PC E results from th e previous groundwate r samplin g rounds are presented o n Table 1 and result s from th e DPT investigation ar e presented o n Table 2. Additional DP T investigation sample s were collected i n mid-March 2010 , and thos e data wUl be included i n subsequent report s when available .

Data collected durin g th e DPT investigation identifie d a n are a o f higher PC E concentiation (22 0 ug/l) o n Washington Stiee t north of the intersection with Mulberr y Stree t that may b e connected t o the equaUy elevated values seen in MW-11. These weUs are near th e stagnatio n zones identified t n the groundwater flo w model s presented i n the Hydrogeolocial Analysi s i Report submitted o n March 31 , 2006. Contaminant flo w ma y alternat e towar d th e City Production weUs or the Ohio River, depending o n the seasonal fluctuation i n groundwater an d river elevations .

Vapor Result s PCE levels in vapor samplin g have remained relativel y constan t sinc e the AS system was full y activated. Influen t concentration s have ranged fro m 0.30 4 parts per mUlio n by volume (ppmv ) to 0.7094 ppmv, with PCE levels in individual SVE wells ranging from 0.232 6 ppmv (SVE- 1 in March 2010) to 1.6526 ppmv (SVE- 3 in March 2010). Samples collected fro m SVE-3 , on Sycamor e Stieet near MW-06S , have consistently had th e highest PCE levels, with sample s from SVE- 2 (0.1407 ppmv t o 0.8474 ppmv) an d SVE-1 (0.2326 ppmv t o 0.3577 ppmv) havm g consistentl y lower levels . Data for vapor monitorin g wells have shown increase d PC E levels since the TS system startup , with values ranging from 0.026 3 ppmv (MW-ll S in September 2009 ) to 3.7931 ppmv (VP- 1 tn September 2009) . PCE concentiations i n MW-06S and VP- 1 have remaine d abov e 2 ppmv whil e concentiations t n MW-llS have varied fro m 0.026 3 ppmv t o 0.852 ppmv. Result s from thes e sampling event s are presented i n Table 3 and Figur e 3.

Based o n the results of the monthly vapo r samplin g conducte d a t the Site, the TS system ha s removed 3. 3 pounds (lbs ) of PCE from nearl y 17,900,00 0 standard cubi c feet (scf ) o f extiacte d soil vapor. These calculations ar e presented t n Table 4 and a graphical depictio n i s presented o n Figure 4.

Conclusions an d Recommendation s The decreasing PCE values tn monitoring weUs in the vicinity o f th e A S wells indicate tha t PCE within th e radius of influence (ROI ) of the AS wells is being effectively sparge d fro m th e saturated zone . This conclusion i s supported b y the increased level s of PCE in the SVE and vapor monitorin g weUs. PCE levels tn the system influent indicat e the TU is capturing sparge d PCE and retainin g i t on the VPGAC vessels. The relatively stati c PCE levels in weUs outside th e ROI of the AS wells is expected, as the AS is not affecting thi s groundwater .

The slight increase tn PCE levels in PW-3 are Ukely a result of more highly contaminate d groundwater, a s indicated by the spike in PCE concentration observe d i n DEP-05S during th e May 2007 sampling event being drawn int o PW-3. Groundwater modeUn g performed a s part of the Hydrogeologcia l Analysi s Report (CD M 2006)) indicated tha t the expected tiavel time fro m

AR301889

Ms.'Johnson March 29, 2010 Page 5 ^

DEP-05S to PW-3 is approximately 2 years. Based on the screened interva l of PW-3, PW-3 is likely drawing wate r downwar d wher e the ROI of the AS is narrower. Th e AS weUs in th e vicinity of the City Maintenance Yard should eventuaU y addres s thi s contamination, but i t is likely that residual PCE from th e May 2007 spike at DEP-05S is now being captured b y PW-3.

The results of the DPT investigation have more completely define d th e extent of the PCE plume . The new dat a also confirm tha t the AS and SVE wells were installed tn locations that shoul d effectively intercep t the PCE plume as it is drawn towar d th e City Production Wells . The plum e should pas s through th e ROI of the AS and SVE wells and be stripped o f a high percentage of the PCE mass prio r t o reaching the City wells .

Continued monitorin g as well as a supplemental phas e o f the DPT investigation conducte d t n early May'2010 will further characteriz e the PCE plume in.th e vicinity o f the TS system and th e City Production Well s and provid e additiona l dat a with whic h a final evaluatio n o f th e applicability o f the AS/SVE syste m can be made .

Groundwater an d vapo r monitoring have confirmed tha t the Ravenswood AS/SV E TreatabUit y Study system is removing PCE from th e saturated zon e a t the Site. Therefore, CD M recommends tha t the operation o f the AS/SVE system be continued, whUe EPA progresse s toward a Record o f Decision for th e Ravenswood PC E Superfund Site .

AR301890

Table 1 - Treatability Study Groundwate r Data Ravenswood PCE Superfund Site, Ravenswood, West Virginia

Moni tor ing Well s

DEP05D DEP05S DEP06 DEP07 DEP08 DEP09 DEP10 EPA01 EPA02 EPA03 EPA04 IVIW06 MW11S

November 200 8 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 16

December 200 8 0.15 J 370 + 2.2 J 17J

40 +J

180 +J 93 +J

September 200 9

230 3.9 11 44 NS NS

200 56

November 200 9 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

January 201 0 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

February 2 , 2010

69 5.5 15 32 NS NS

170 66

February 17 , 2010 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS . NS NS NS-NS

March 201 0 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

., NS NS

Units ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L

City Product io n Well s | PW01 PW02 PW03 PW04 PW05 PW06 PW07

NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

24 +J

0.43 J

NS NS 14 NS NS NS NS

NS NS 28 NS NS NS NS

NS NS 29 NS NS NS NS

NS 1.9 NS NS 1.2 NS NS

NS 3.5 J NS NS

1.5J NS NS

NS 3.4 NS NS 1.4 NS NS

ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L

Treatabil ity Stud y Syste m Well s j AS01 AS02 ASC3 AS04 AS05 AS06 AS07 AS08 AS09

5.4 210

0.48 J 140 .

110 + 64 + NS

NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

. N S NS

NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

NS NS NS NS NS NS , NS( NS NS

ug/L ug/L ug/L • ug/L ug/L ug/L

ug/L. ug/L ug/L

Notes:

Results for Tetrachloroethene

ug/l - micrograms per liter

NS - not sampled

Blank Cell - Non Detect

+ - Result reported from diluted analysis

J - Analyte present. Reported value may not be accurate or precise

CDM 1 of 1

AR301891

Table 2: Results of DPT Investigation, February 2010 Ravenswood PCE Superfund Site, Ravenswood WV

Sample Locatio n

DP-1 DP-2 DP-3 DP-4 DP-5 DP-6 DP-7 DP-8 DP-9 DP-10 DP-11 DP-12 DP-13 DP-14 DP-15 DP-16 DP-17 DP-18 DP-19 DP-20 DP-21 DP-22 DP-23 DP-24 DP-25 DP-26

Result (ug/L)

27 ND 43 ND 31 10 ND 30 2.5 18 9

49 1.8J 23 220 ND ND ND 3.5

0.72 J ND ND

0.65 J ' 9.6 ND

0.68 J

Notes: r

Results are for Tetrachloroethene (PCE)

ug/L - micrograms per lite r

J - estimated value.

ND- no t detected Data from DP 27 through 32 were not available at the time this report was prepared

CDM n 1 o f 1

AR301892

Table 3: PCE Vapor Sample Result s Ravenswood PCE Superfund Site

Sampling Dat e |

Sample Location

SVEl SVE 2 SVE 3

INFLUENT EFFLUENT

MW-06S MW-llS

VP-1

June 200 9 (SV E System Only )

6/3/2009

0.0193 0.002 0.0174

NS NS

0.0256 0.0174 0.0105

6/3/2009

0.0127 0.0022

. 0.022 8 NS NS

0.0256 0.0188 0.0172

6/4/2009

0.012 0.0021 0.0109

0.0083 J NS

0.0451 0.0115 0.0142

6/5/2009

0.0085

6/9/2009

0.0116 0.0012 1 0.002 8 0.0158

0.0115 B NS

0.0385 0.0132 0.0104

0.01 0.0053 B

NS •

0.0113

6/16/2009

0.01.33 0.0021 0.0222

NS_ NS

0.0418 0.0189 0.0117

August 200 9 (A S Start up )

8/V2009

0.0202 0.0179 0.0023

NS NS

0.0745 0.0087 0.0148

8/5/2009

0.0251 0.0037 0.0238

NS NS

0.0707 0.0183 0.0166 .

September

9 / ^ 0 0 9

0.295 0.1407 0.9184 0.4801

NS . _ 2.2409 0.0263 3.7931

October

10/8/2009

0.3565 0.5478 1.2995

NS 0.0017 3.4598 0.0658 1.5737

November

11/6/2009

0.3577 0.7355 1.0818 0.6202 -

2.1925 0.088

3.2239

December

i y y 2 0 0 9

0.2512 0.8474 0.9406 0.7094

2.7444 0.1329 3.0318

January

VV2010

0.3048 0.6889 1.1006 0.5318 _

3.2676 0.6239 2.0536

February

^ / ^ O l O

0.2461 0.5425 1.6154 0.304

2.177 0.5884 3.2523

March

3/y2010

0.2326 0.5616 1.6526 0.6347

2.7265 0.852 2.01

Sample Location

SVEl SVE 2 SVE 3

INFLUENT EFFLUENT

MW-6S MW-llS

VP-1

Note: Result s are in parts per mi l l io n b y vo lume (ppmv )

J = Analyte present . Reporte d valu e i s estimated; concentration i s outside the range for accurate quanti f icat ion.

B = Not detected substantial ly abov e the level reporte d i n lahordtory o r fiel d blanks .

NS = Wel l wa s not sampled.

Empt j ' cel l indicate s non-detect .

CDM 1 of 1

AR301893

Table 4: Treatability Study System - Mass Removal (PCE) Ravenswood PCE Superfund Site, Ravenswood, West Virginia

Date

6/3/09 6/4/09 6/5/09 6/9/09

6/16/09 8/4/09 8/5/09 9/2/09 10/8/09 11/6/09 12/2/09 1/6/2010 2/2/2010 3/4/2010

PCE Result s SVE

Influent (ppmv) 0.0127 0.0080 0.0085 0.0080 0.0125 0.0135 0.0175 0.4801 0.7340 0.6202 0.7094 0.5318 0.3040 0.6347

Total SV E Flow (scf)

103,000 169,000 234,000 484,000 956,000

4,174,000 4,240,000 6,082,000 8,458,000 10,259,000 11,950,000 14,208,000 15,959,000 17,892,000

Mass Removed

(lbs) 0.0005 0.0002 0:0002 0.0008 0.0025 0.0181 0.0005 0.3694 0.7285 0.4666 0.5011 0.5016 0.2224 0.5125

Cumulative Mass

Removed (lbs)

0.0005 0.0008 0.0010 0.0018 0.0043 0.0224 0.0229 0.3924 1.1209 1.5875 2.0886 2.5902 2.8126 3.3251

Notes: PCE - Tetrachloroethene SVE - Soil Vapor Extraction ppmv - parts per million by volume scf - standard cubic feet lbs - pounds PCE niass removal is calculated using the follov fing formula: Removal Rate (lbs) = Concentration (ppmv) /Universal Gas Constant (atm m"3/mole K) x Molecular Weight (g/mole) x 1000 mg/g x 1/T(K) x Total flow/(scf) x 1 m'/35.31 5 cf x 1 lb/453,592 mg Universal Gas Constant (R)= 8.206 x lO^-S atm m"3/ mole K Molecular vi eight for PCE is 165.82 g/mole T(K): TU = 302 (84 F) Solid line indicates AS system startup

CDM 1 of 1 AR301894

AR301895

Ravenswood PCE Site Ravensw/ood, West Virginia

Figure 2 PCE in Shallow Groundwater

February 2010 AR301896

Figure 3: PCE Vapor Sample Results - AS Wells and Monitoring Point s Ravenswood PCE Superfund Site

PCE in SVE Wells

4

3.5

I 3 a. a 2. 5 c •S 2 c Ql U C o u

1.5

1

0.5

0 i —

-i 1 K

.cp'' .cJ? J' J " J' J " J" J' J ' ,f ^ J " ,f,^ J ' /^ Z' ^ Z' Z^/- .\ ^ , .x-^VV/' - ^ Z' '

- S V E l

-SVE 2

-SVE 3

PCE in Monitoring Well s

4

3.5

I 3 a 3 2. 5 c •2 2 c o u

1.5

0.5

^i» i? a' ^ ^ ^ J ? J ? J ? i ? i ? , # ^' ^ J ? QV ^ ^J ? ^J ?

-MW-06S

-MW-l lS

•VP-1

Notes: Point 1 - AS Activation - Half Capacity Point 2 - AS Activlation - Full Capacity

CDM 1 o f l

AR301897

Figure 4: PCE Mass Removal - SVE Componen t Ravenswood PC E Superfund Site , Ravenswood, West Virgini a

l/l

(/I lA

LU U a.

3.5000

3.0000

2.5000

2.0000

1.5000

1.0000

0.5000

0.0000

SVE System onl y

0.0018 0.022 9

PCE Mass Removal

AS & SVE System Opeatin g / *

3.3251

^ , ^ ^ • ^ . 8 1 2 6 v*'^!5902

> # ^ 8 8 6

V l . 5 8 7 5

> » ^ 1 2 0 9

y ^ ^ ^ 0 . 3 9 2 4

Date i

Note: Vertical line indicates AS system startup

CDM 1 o f l

AR301898