Status of Recycling sector in IndiaAkash Kamal| Ashu Jain | Atul Nair | Himanshu Sonawane

Recycling In IndiaIndia households produced 30.5 million tonnes of waste in 2012, of which 23% was collected for recycling. This figure is still quite low compared to some of our neighboring countriesThere is still a great deal of waste which could be recycled that ends up in landfill sites which is harmful to the environment.Recycling is an excellent way of saving energy and conserving the environment. Different Industry coveredMetalE-wastePaper

Textile Tyre Plastic

Metal Industry : BackgroundIndustry for metal recycling is at a budding stageSwatch Bharat abhyaanProblems: - 1) Lack of scrap industry ecosystem 2) Lack of regulationRecycling rates Indian - 20 25% The USA - 80 90 % Europe 70%.

Metal Industry : Global ScenarioBrazil Highest used beverage cans (UBC) recycling rate in the world around 98.5 % with power savings of 3.870 GWh.Japan With 1850 Municipal scrap dealers and 800 dedicated suppliers Japan has already shown the way for things to goGCCScrap Metal Centers or SMCs are setup by the government near industrial areas, ports etc for easy of movement and lowering costs. SMCs promoted by the Government are Provided with shredders, separators and other such infrastructure The UAE Major clusters and free zones are situated in Jebel Ali. Dubai is a key strategic destination to export clean scrap to the world.

Metal Industry : RecommendationsRemoval of the basic import duty on scrap metalOffer SEZ benefits which will enable industry status for metal recycling sectorSubsidize lending rates, and increase financing facilities.A single window set up for centralized integrated policies, tax holidays, and lower lending rates.Support from Central and State Governments to promote metal recyclingPromoting FDI in Indian metal recyclingNeed for a metal recycling zones

E waste : BackdropCurrently though to be the fastest growing sub sector within recyclingEfficient recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment could be worth 3.7bn to the European economy by 2020, a new study has found.Researchers found that such activities were already worth 2.15bn in 2014 and could rise to 3.67bn by 2020Fueled by exponential rise in consumer electronics and other durables

Sources of E - wasteRecycling Ecosystem : India

Problems and RecommendationsProblems in the sector 1) Low awareness of Workers 2) Dumping of e-waste from developed countries 3) Recycling infrastructure

Recommendations: - 1) Product design and engineering norms 2) Waste Management 3) Policy Level interventions 4) Import Export Regulation 5) Clear definition of E-waste for treatment 6) An integrated IT waste management policies 7) Awareness Building

Paper IndustryOnly 20% waste paper is being currently recovered annually. (alternate use of paper in wrapping, packing, etc.)

Recycled materials are: cereal boxes, egg cartons, pencil barrels, grocery bags, etc.

Recycling one tonne of waste paper helps in 70% raw material saving coal saving of 60%energy 43% water 70% which are used in the making of paper from wood.

Problems-Low rate of recoveryunorganized collection of the waste paper, which is confined only to major towns, and that too only to a limited extentlack of source segregation resulting in waste paper getting contaminated and becoming unusablelack of collection, sorting and grading system of waste paper for proper utilizationDependent mainly on imported recycled fibre baseNo proper coordination between the informal sector and the main supply chain of waste paper to paper industry

Benefits-Less energy consumptionReduce the environmental load on ecosystemLowering of the import bill for waste paperOpportunity for income and employment generation

Current StatusAbout 550 mills in India use waste paper as primary fibre source 3 million tonnes is presently recovered and utilized annually.4 million tonnes of waste paper is imported.5 million tonnes of waste paper ends up in landfills.

Textile IndustryOne of the most polluting industries.Types of wastePre-consumer waste (discarded before it is ready for consumer use)Post-consumer waste (discarded due to wear and damage; used or worn clothes)Practically 25% of the waste gets recycled.Normally, it is either incinerated or discarded in landfills.

Problems faced-high costs for collection and sorting of wastes no financial incentive for waste producers to reduce wastelack of market demand for recovered materialspredominance of small and medium recovery and recycling enterprises (discourages investments in waste recovery technologies)

Benefits of recycling-reduced cost of raw materials increased profitabilityminimizes costs of disposalminimizes environmental impactsrequires less energy than any other type of recycling

Current ScenarioPre-consumer wastecotton waste paper and tissue paper making, surgical products like bandages, automobile industry, etc. exported globally e.g. V P Udyog Ltd., KolkataSilk wastes silk accessories and products like bangles, scarfs, silk embroidery yarn, etc.

Post-consumer wasteRecycling in industries - Panipat (largest industrial recycling hub) produces shoddy wool yarns, blankets and quilts out of used winter clothingRecycling in craft clusters - converts fabric from old cotton sarees into layers and stitch them together to create unique patterns and designsRecycling in households of India - old clothing wipes, kitchen towels, dusting cloth, at home. Passed down to the servants and other under privileged people

Tyre IndustryRaw material used in the manufacturing of tyre includes rubber 41 %, carbon black 28% , steel 15%, other material 16%Requirement of tyre is directly related to growth of automobile sector Discarded scrap tyre volume is growing at same rate as the new tyre manufacturedIn 1993, scrapped tyre volume was more than 75 million cubic meterPyrolysis & incineration of tyres helps in recovery of materials and energy.

Retreading of tyreRetreading of tyre is being practiced to extend the life of a tyre by replacing worn tread of the used tyreThere are two ways by which retreading of tyres can be achivedHot cap processCold Process (more reliable)The precured rubber is being manufactured in India by six manufactures. Only two of these firms have technical collaborations with foreign manufacturers where as four firms have developed the technology indigenously The available capacity for procured tyres retreading is approx 4.8 million truck and bus tyres and 4.5 million car and jeep tyres per year.Bureau of Indian Standard is preparing standards for retreaded tyres.

The most promising field of utilization of scrap tyres is use of tyre crumb as asphalt modifier.8-15% of crumb can be used in construction & maintenance of roads.Various advantages include improved skid resistance, increased flexibility, toughness, tenacity of road surface, reduced noise level of traffic, improved performance under extreme temperature conditionsA trial track has been laid near Allahabad

Incineration when tyre alone or with fossil fuel is burnt in an incinerator/boiler with excess air for its compete combustion the extent of air pollution is significantly reducesSteel Zinc and gypsum are the useful by-products of the incineration processAnother process is Pyrolysis its for recovery of fuel gases, chemical fuel oil, carbon black

PlasticIndia currently has no official systems for collecting and recycling plastic waste; nor are there overarching initiatives by private or public sectorAt present, collection focuses mainly on thermoplastics and is confined to conurbations and industrial centres, where there are more recycling businesses.The downside is that methods practiced do not necessarily lead to secondary materials of the highest quality. Nor can the small-scale business guarantee a steady flow of recyclates of standard quality, which limits commercial use. Today, Indians are aware of the value of recycled plastic, but the potential has not been fully tapped, and only a fraction of the theoretically available waste is being recycled at all.Chintan Recycling Center in Delhi

RecommendationsFor small & medium scale enterprizes recycling plastics is attractive buisness. policy and judicial measures can ensure that more waste is collected for recyclingQuality management and control systems, for example, could guarantee that recycled material is of a uniform high standard.Automated sorting systems would be another major advance, because the plastics collected in India at present are still pre-sorted by hand.Introduce up-to-date technologyCurrently we are using plastic waste to use it as plastic raw materialWe can use plastic feedstock as oil, gases for other purposes

Waste Management Start-ups in India

VermigoldVermigold is an on-site organic waste recycling Systems Company which conglomerates advanced vermiculture biotechnology with cutting edge engineering to empower end users to recycle organic waste in a worry free and eco-friendly manner. Vermigold ecotech has earned the 2013 Energy Globe award from India. It is Indias first and only internationally certified waste management system that certifies their organisation as best in class and kindest to the environmenthttp://vermigold.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=5

Greenobin It is a Gurgaon based start-up that is focussed on collecting paper waste and market the same to paper recycling plants for further use. Its services include, Office Recycling, Security Shredding, and recycling bins. The start initially focuses on corporate offices, followed by school/colleges and households as primary customers. Greenobin offers free service as well as Premium services (which includes, training, customized bins, etc.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJ4Qd7wnZAM

Waste Management Start-ups in IndiaAttero, Electronics Asset Management Company Attero is Indias largest integrated end-to-end electronics asset management company. Attero aims to surge value for all electronic inventories, right from end of life electronics to surplus and second electronics, while ensuring a safer and extra secure future for the planet. It is mainly concerned with E-waste mining.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2figCLWxa5Uhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsvGMvy1yHI

A2Z GroupA2Z Group is a versatile business group with 30000 employees that contribute to its Pan India Geographic presence. Incepted in 2002, the turnover for the financial year 2013 is 934.3 Crores. The group had a CAGR of 100.69% over the past 10 years from FY04-FY13.

Synergy Waste Management (P) Ltd. It is unique leading service providers for Bio-Medical waste management in India. Promoters are the Rawalwasia Group. They are usually operators of Mutual Bio-medical waste treatment amenities, part of urban infrastructure in India. Areas of procedures are New Delhi, Meerut, Lucknow, Hisar, Bhagalpur and Gaya. It is ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 14001:2004 certifications. Also, it is the major Indian home grown operator of CBWTFs.

Timarpur-Okhla Waste Management Pvt Ltd. Timarpur-Okhla Municipal Solid waste management project is the primary commercial wasteto- energy facility in India that wishes to convert one-third of the Delhi garbage into the much needed electricity, enough to helping 6 lakh homes. The project is CDM is registered with United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change for receiving Carbon Credits.

Antony Waste Handling Cell Pvt. Ltd. Antony waste handling cell, an offshoot of Antony group of companies, Mumbai is one of the leading players in the field of Solid waste management services in the country, since the past 8 years. It has features as Engineered Sanitary land filling, Refuse Transfer stations, etc.

UPL Environmental Engineers Ltd. UPL has always made conscious efforts in maintaining and improving standards of environmental care. This group roofed the experts in environmental care. The name includes, Bharuch Enviro Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd., Enviro Technology Ltd., Gharpure Engineering and Construction Pvt. Ltd

Eco-wise Headquartered at Noida, India. Eco-wise waste management delivers complete waste management services to a variety of establishments comprising residential, commercial and industrial entities. They ensure that, the waste composed by them are treated and predisposed in accordance with MSW Rules 2000. Eco-wise is an ISO 9001, 14001 and 18001 Certifications. It is presently collecting waste from Centre Stage Mall, Noida, Haldiram, ATS, etc.