UTTAR PRADESH UTTAR PRADESH POWER POWER

CORPORATION LTD CORPORATION LTD Sarojini Nagar,Lucknow Sarojini Nagar,Lucknow

Presented By:Presented By:

HimanshuHimanshu AbhayAbhay

AvinashAvinash YashpalYashpal

ImranImran

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

• India has been divided in to five regions for India has been divided in to five regions for power system planning and operation. These power system planning and operation. These regions are the Northern Region, Southern regions are the Northern Region, Southern Region, Western Region, Eastern Region, and Region, Western Region, Eastern Region, and North-Eastern Region.North-Eastern Region.

• The main bus 132 kV is connected to 220 kV The main bus 132 kV is connected to 220 kV substations, located at Chinhat. The main line substations, located at Chinhat. The main line provides two feeders to Gomti Nagar .provides two feeders to Gomti Nagar .

• . This gives way to nine feeders, transmitting . This gives way to nine feeders, transmitting power to, Gomti Nagar, Mahanagar, Indira power to, Gomti Nagar, Mahanagar, Indira BhawanBhawan, , Cooper Road, Hussainganj and Vipin Cooper Road, Hussainganj and Vipin Khand, E-city, Sahara city.Khand, E-city, Sahara city.

SITE SELECTION OF SITE SELECTION OF SUBSTATIONSUBSTATION

• It should be free from all obstructions from It should be free from all obstructions from the points of view of convenience of the points of view of convenience of terminating high voltage transmission line.terminating high voltage transmission line.

• It should be at the center of the load.It should be at the center of the load.• It should be accessible to the public road to It should be accessible to the public road to

facilitate transport of plants and facilitate transport of plants and equipments.equipments.

• It should be free from water logging and It should be free from water logging and should be free municipal dumping ground.should be free municipal dumping ground.

• It should be at least 3 km away from It should be at least 3 km away from aerodrome and should be away from police aerodrome and should be away from police and military area and military area

SUBSTATION SUBSTATION EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

1. Bus Bar 1. Bus Bar • 132 KV Dear (Aluminum conductor steel 132 KV Dear (Aluminum conductor steel

reinforced)reinforced)• 220 KV Tarantulas (All Aluminum) 220 KV Tarantulas (All Aluminum) • 400 KV Bundle Moose (Aluminum conductor’s 400 KV Bundle Moose (Aluminum conductor’s

steel reinforced) steel reinforced) 2. Circuit breaker 2. Circuit breaker • 132 KV Minimum oil or air blast132 KV Minimum oil or air blast• 220 KV Air blast220 KV Air blast• 400 KV SF6400 KV SF6 3. Isolator3. Isolator• Bus IsolatorBus Isolator• Line IsolatorLine Isolator• Tandom IsolatorTandom Isolator 4. Transformer4. Transformer 5. Lightening Arrester 5. Lightening Arrester 6. Insulators6. Insulators 7. Substation Structure7. Substation Structure 8. Bus Bar Accessories8. Bus Bar Accessories 9. Carrier Equipment9. Carrier Equipment 10. Instrument Transformer10. Instrument Transformer

CIRCUIT BREAKERCIRCUIT BREAKER

The circuit breaker acts as a safety device in the same The circuit breaker acts as a safety device in the same way as a way as a fusefuse. .

It disconnects the supply if too large a It disconnects the supply if too large a currentcurrent flows flows..When the When the live wire carries the usual operating current the electromagnet is not strong enough to separate the contacts.If something goes wrong with the appliance and a large current flow the electromagnet will pull hard enough to separate the contacts and break the circuit.

TYPES OF CKT TYPES OF CKT BREAKERBREAKER

• Bulk or Minimum Oil Circuit Bulk or Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker:Breaker:

In case of bulk or minimum oil circuit breakers, the arc In case of bulk or minimum oil circuit breakers, the arc quenching achieved through the insulating properties of quenching achieved through the insulating properties of oil. Here high speed cannot be achieved and there are oil. Here high speed cannot be achieved and there are several problems during maintenance like leakage of oil, several problems during maintenance like leakage of oil, deterioration of oil, etc. Therefore air blast circuit deterioration of oil, etc. Therefore air blast circuit breakers are referred.breakers are referred.

• Air Blast Circuit Breaker:Air Blast Circuit Breaker: In air blast circuit breakers, high pressure air is forced in In air blast circuit breakers, high pressure air is forced in

to the arc path at the instant of contact separation. to the arc path at the instant of contact separation.

ISOLATER:ISOLATER:

• An isolator is one which can break an electric circuit when An isolator is one which can break an electric circuit when the circuit is to be switched on load. These are normally the circuit is to be switched on load. These are normally used in various circuits for the purpose of isolating a used in various circuits for the purpose of isolating a certain portion when required for maintenance etc.certain portion when required for maintenance etc.

CIRCUIT BREAKER ISOLATER

POWER SUPPLY EQUIPMENT

RELAYSRELAYS

• The relay operates usually from current and The relay operates usually from current and voltage derived from current and potential voltage derived from current and potential transformers. A station battery usually provides transformers. A station battery usually provides the current for operation of breakers, isolator the current for operation of breakers, isolator etc. under normal condition of an electric etc. under normal condition of an electric system.system.

BUCHHOLZ RELAYBUCHHOLZ RELAY

The very important buchholz relay is a gas The very important buchholz relay is a gas actuated device employed for the actuated device employed for the protection of oil immersed power protection of oil immersed power transformer having capacity above 1000 transformer having capacity above 1000 KVA. KVA.

It is installed in the pipeline connecting the It is installed in the pipeline connecting the conservator tank the transformer.conservator tank the transformer.

When any fault occurs inside the transformer When any fault occurs inside the transformer such as short circuit of two phases an such as short circuit of two phases an electric arc is produced. This motion of flow electric arc is produced. This motion of flow of gases makes to operate the relay.of gases makes to operate the relay.

BUCHHOLZ RELAY BUCHHOLZ RELAY PROTECTIONPROTECTION

MAIN MAIN TRASFORMERTRASFORMERA transformer is a piece of apparatus by means A transformer is a piece of apparatus by means of which the voltage of an A.C. supply can of which the voltage of an A.C. supply can easily be increased or decreased. It has no easily be increased or decreased. It has no moving part hence called a static transformer. moving part hence called a static transformer. The full load efficiency of a transformer The full load efficiency of a transformer (medium size) is usually 98%.(medium size) is usually 98%.

COOLING OF COOLING OF TRANS FORMERTRANS FORMER

o Air Natural (AN) CoolingAir Natural (AN) Cooling o Air Blast (AB) CoolingAir Blast (AB) Cooling o Oil Natural (ON) CoolingOil Natural (ON) Cooling o Oil Blast (OB) CoolingOil Blast (OB) Cooling o Forced Oil and Forced Air Flow (OFB) Forced Oil and Forced Air Flow (OFB)

CoolingCooling o Forced oil and water (FOW) coolingForced oil and water (FOW) cooling

A conservator is a oil tank used for the transformer A conservator is a oil tank used for the transformer coolingcooling

CONSERVATORCONSERVATOR

INSULATING OIL INSULATING OIL IN IN

TRANSFORMERTRANSFORMER

Insulating oil is pure hydrocarbon oil. The main Insulating oil is pure hydrocarbon oil. The main functions of insulating oil in a transformer are to provide functions of insulating oil in a transformer are to provide insulation from live parts and absorb heat from core and insulation from live parts and absorb heat from core and windings and to conduct it to the cooling surface for windings and to conduct it to the cooling surface for dissipation. It has to fulfill certain specification for use in dissipation. It has to fulfill certain specification for use in the transformer etc.the transformer etc.

Therefore it should have the following characteristics.Therefore it should have the following characteristics. Breakdown VoltageBreakdown Voltage Specific ResistanceSpecific Resistance Water ContentWater Content Neutralization ValueNeutralization Value Flash Point Flash Point ViscosityViscosity

TEMP. SENSING M/CTEMP. SENSING M/C

Current Transformer Current Transformer (Ratio75/1)(Ratio75/1)

These are commonly used in metering and protective relaying in the electrical power industry .

Lightning ArresterLightning Arrester

Reduces the chances of surge.

InsulatorInsulator

HIGH TENSION INSULATOR

PIN INSULATOR 11 KV Pin insulator + 22 KV Pin insulator+33 KV Pin insulator

POST INSULATOR 11KV & 22 KV Post insulator

DISK INSULATOR Disc insulator (B & S Types) +Disc insulator

(T & C Types)

TRANFORMER BUSHING Transformer Bushing 1.1 KV + Transformer Bushing 17.5,24,&36 KV

LOW TENSION INSULATOR

Shackle insulator + Spool insulator + Guy Strain insulator

+ LT Insulator

CAPACITOR BANKCAPACITOR BANK

ADVANTAGE OF POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENTADVANTAGE OF POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT• It facilitates delivery of rated voltage to motors, It facilitates delivery of rated voltage to motors,

lamps and other utilization equipments.lamps and other utilization equipments.• It improves voltage regulation.It improves voltage regulation.• It decreases the losses in the generators, It decreases the losses in the generators,

transformers and transmission and distribution lines.transformers and transmission and distribution lines.• It releases the capacity of generators, transformers, It releases the capacity of generators, transformers,

transmission and distribution, which in case of poor transmission and distribution, which in case of poor power factor is occupied by reactive power for power factor is occupied by reactive power for supplying additional load.supplying additional load.

• It lowers the bill for power if there is penalty for poor It lowers the bill for power if there is penalty for poor power factor or a bonus for improved power factor power factor or a bonus for improved power factor for the consumer.for the consumer.

POWER LINE CARRIER POWER LINE CARRIER COMUNICATIONCOMUNICATION

WAVE TRAP: THE CARRIER COUPLING WAVE TRAP: THE CARRIER COUPLING EQUIPMENT USED IN UPPCLEQUIPMENT USED IN UPPCL

• Wave trap or line trap is connected in series Wave trap or line trap is connected in series with power line between the point of connection with power line between the point of connection of coupling capacitor and substation. Wave trap of coupling capacitor and substation. Wave trap offers negligible impedance at power offers negligible impedance at power frequencies and prevents carrier signal to enter frequencies and prevents carrier signal to enter in substation by offering suitably high in substation by offering suitably high impedance to high frequency carrier, Wave trap impedance to high frequency carrier, Wave trap stands electromechanically and thermally for stands electromechanically and thermally for short circuit current in the event of a fault on short circuit current in the event of a fault on the line. the line.