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I DESIGN· AND CONSTRUCTION OF WASTE PAPER'

RECYCLING PLANT , ..

BY

";'OCHOR SPENCER CHIDI : ': (~EG.NO. 9615254EH)

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

. FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA .

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" A FINAL YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL. FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS, FOR THE AWARD OF

. BACHELOR DEGREE IN ENGINEERING (B. ENG)

FEBRUARY 2002

DECLARATION

declare that this project work was conducted by me; under the able

andsupervision of Engr. M.A. Olutoye. Department of chemical

Minna Niger state. During the

academic session.

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Signature

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CERtiFICATION

is to certify, that this work; Design and construction of waste paper

plant was carried out by Master Ochor Spencer of chemical

Engineering Technology,

. university of technology Minna. In partial fulfillment of the award

Degreein chemical Engineering.

·APPROVED BY:

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G'R M.A.OLUTOYE DATE

, ,r, ',-:-. ".~ '.-", .. ".'~~'"

ROJECT ~SUPERVISOR)

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J.O. ODIGURE DATE

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EAD OF DEPARTMENT)

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ERNAL EXAMINAL DATE

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" , DEDICATION

to dedicate this work, to an those who have in one way or the other

buted it's the realization. They include my mum and Dad:" MR and MRS

, ...• ,-,.,- ,-,/ .• --<

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. to express here, my profound gratitude to my parents MR and MRS N ..

R, for theic support, without which this goal would not have been realized .

. to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Engr M.AOlutoye for his'

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idance and support, as well as his invaluable and priceless advice aU through ,

" igri and construction aspect of the project, and in write-up as well.

God be the glory.

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PAGE

Title page ii'

Certification III

iv

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VI

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Introduction 1·

General introduction 2

Aims and objectives 3

Scope and limitations

Literature Review 5

Historical Background

Pulp and paper 7

Furnish for pulp and paper 7,

Wood pulping 7

Chemical pulping of wood 8,

Range of chemical pulping processes 8

Principles of chemical pulping

Mechanical pulping of wood 9

f Range of mechanical pulping 10

2.7.0 Bleaching of wood

2.8.0 Paper making

2.9.0 Fiber pr tion

2.10.0 The er machine

2.10.1 CyHnder machine

2.10.2 The Fourdrinier machine

The Twin-wire machine

Uses of additives in paper making

Uses of paper

RecyC\ing in pulp and paper

RecyC\ing of waste/used paper

Processes involved in used paper recyC\ing

Hydropulping

Cleaning and Screening

Deinking

Bleaching

Dewatering/Thickening

Uni~s in a paper recyC\ing plant

Disc refiner

Hydropulper

Headbox

Press section

Drying section

Effect of recycling on pulp quality

Economic and environmental importance 9f recyC\ing

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THREE 25'

Methodology 25

Sorting of waste paper 25 '

Shredding of waste paper

26 Pulping and starching

, 27 Slurry regulation

Pulp sieving and pressing 28

30 Heating and drying'

Result and discussion of result 33

.1.0 Result 33 , .

. 2.0 Discussion of result 34

36 Process Design

General plant description 36

Process description 36

Material balance across plant 36

Material balance about refiner 37

Material balance about hydropulper 39

Material balance about headbox 40

Material balance about felt blanket conveyor 41

Material balance about drier 42

5.4.0 Energy balance across plant 43

5.4.1' Energy requirement of plant

5.4.2 Energy balance across drier

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5.5.0 Efficiency of drier 46

5.5.1 Defination of parameters 48

5.6.0 Energy balance across Roller 49

5.7.0 Description and design consideration of individual units ,52

5.7.1 Refiner description 52

5.7.2 Volume of hopper

·5.8.0 Description of hydropulper

, 5.8.1 Volume of hydropulper

5.8.2 Design of hydropulper blade

5.9.0 Headbox description

5.9.1 Volume of head box

5.10.0 Felt blanket conveyor description

5.10.1 Design consideration of felt blanket conveyor

CHAPTER SIX

5.0 Cost analysis

CHAPTER SEVEN

6.0 Conclusions and Recommendation

7.1 Conclusion

7.2 Recommendation

Appendix

Design parameters

References

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able 4.1: Result of experimental analysis.

able 5.1 Total materials balance overall the equipment.

able 6.1 :Material specifications and costing of Hydropulper.

able 6.2: Material specification and costing of Refiner.

able 6.3: Material specification and costing of Headbox.

able 6.4:Material specifications and costing of driers and rollers.

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LIST OF FIGURES.

FlPURE 3.1: Flow diagram for production analysis.

F~GURE 5.1 :Simple flow sheet for production of tissue PFlper.

FIGURE 5.2:Technological scheme of tissue paper production.

F,IGURE 5.4: Dimension of felt blanket.

I ABSTRACT

The research work-Design and construction of a small scale waste paper recycling

. machine, has been carried out. The machine is made up of six component parts, " . ,

which include, the disc refiner, the hydropulper, the head box, feltblanket conveyor,

drier and rollers

Each unit was constructed according to design parameters. From the results of i

experimental analysis carried out on the stddy I for every 0.1 kg of waste paper raw I

material fed i'nto the refiner (as fed)1 we require about 7000ml (7Iiters)of water to

itl and about 0.02 kg of starch adhesive.

was also observed that at the end of the operation, the final paper product

. a SOft, thin, smooth and flexible texture that marks it out as being

referable for use as toilet paper. /

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