Recommended Preferred Route Option Report - Appendix C … · 2014-07-10 · Preliminary Hydrology and Hydraulics Report Bolivia Hill Upgrade – Assessment of Route Options July

Recommended Preferred Route Option Report Bolivia Hill Upgrade – Assessment of Route Options

August 2013 Cardno

Bolivia Hill Upgrade - Assessment of Route Options

APPENDIX C PRELIMINARY HYDROLOGY / HYDRAULICS REPORT

Preliminary Hydrology and Hydraulics Report

Bolivia Hill Upgrade – Assessment of Route Options NA89913018

Prepared for Roads and Maritime Services July 2013

Preliminary Hydrology and Hydraulics Report

Bolivia Hill Upgrade – Assessment of Route Options NA89913018

Preliminary Hydrology and Hydraulics Report Bolivia Hill Upgrade – Assessment of Route Options

July 2013 Cardno ii

Document Information Prepared for Roads and Maritime Services Project Name Bolivia Hill Upgrade – Assessment of Route Options File Reference BH_HydrologyHydraulics_Report_V1.docx Job Reference NA89913018 Date July 2013

Contact Information Cardno (NSW/ACT) Pty Ltd ABN 95 001 145 035 Level 9, The Forum 203 Pacific Highway St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia Telephone: (02) 9496 7700 Facsimile: (02) 9439 5170 International: +612 9496 7700 [email protected] www.cardno.com.au

Document Control Version Date Author Author

Initials Reviewer Reviewer

Initials

Draft 17 June 2013 Kieran Geraghty KG Dr Brett Phillips BCP

Final 26 July 2013 Kieran Geraghty KG Dr Brett Phillips BCP

This document is produced by Cardno solely for the benefit and use by the client in accordance with the terms of the engagement. Cardno does not and shall not assume any responsibility or liability whatsoever to any third party arising out of any use or reliance by any third party on the content of this document.


July 2013 Cardno iii

Table of Contents 1 Introduction 4

1.1 Background 4 1.2 Objectives 4

2 Existing Conditions 5 2.1 Surface Water Hydrology 5 2.2 Groundwater Hydrology 6

3 Hydrologic & Hydraulic Modelling 7 3.1 Peak Flow Determination 7 3.2 Existing Conditions Flood Levels and Extent Determination 7

4 Conclusions 8 4.1 Surface Water Impacts 8 4.2 Groundwater Impacts 8

Appendices Appendix A Figures Appendix B Groundwater Assessment


July 2013 Cardno 4

1 Introduction

1.1 Background Cardno was engaged by Roads and Maritime Services (RMS) in September 2012 to carry out an options and route assessment study and preliminary environmental assessment for upgrading approximately two kilometres of the New England Highway at Bolivia Hill between Glen Innes and Tenterfield.

The New England Highway passes through the Bolivia Range about 55km north of Glen Innes in NSW. The Bolivia Range runs east west and connects with the Great Dividing Range to the east and Deepwater River passes around the range to the west. Bolivia Hill (1225m) and Little Bolivia (1100m) are hills within the Range. Both the New England Highway (1025m) and the Great Northern Railway line (disused) pass through gaps in the range just to the west of Bolivia Hill. An aerial view of the study area is shown in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1 Study Area

1.2 Objectives The objectives of this preliminary hydrology and hydraulics assessment include the following:

Undertake a desktop review of the study area including catchment analysis;

Identify local groundwater resources within the study area;

Develop hydrological model for the study area; and

Develop hydraulic model for the study area.

Results of this assessment will assist with constraint mapping and provide input to preliminary route options.


July 2013 Cardno 5

2 Existing Conditions

2.1 Surface Water Hydrology The main surface drainage lines in the vicinity of the study area are shown in Figure 2-1 and the study area lies at the headwaters of the Deepwater River, a tributary of the MacIntyre River.

Figure 2-1 Geology, Soils and Drainage Characteristics within Study Area

The main watercourse in the study area is a first order stream that is unnamed and flows in a north-easterly direction roughly parallel to the NEH on the western side. The headwaters of this watercourse lie at an elevation of approximately RL940 metres at the southern end of the study area and falls to about RL820 metres towards the base of Bolivia Hill. It then meanders across flat lying terrain forming a local floodplain and crosses Pyes Creek Road about 400 metres west of the highway. The unnamed watercourse has an approximate catchment of 533 hectares and comprises forested and vegetated land.

The watercourse has gouged a deep (approximately 20 metres) steep sided gorge exposing fresh granite outcrop, approximately 200 metres west of the current road alignment.

The main unnamed watercourse has a minor tributary in the upper part of its catchment which runs sub-parallel to the main gully and occurs close to the western side of the NEH and is separated from the main gully by a small ridge line. This drainage line joins the main gully about 150 metres west of the highway and is indicated on the existing conditions flood extents included in Figure 3 in Appendix A.

At the northern end of the study area is Brickyard Creek, which is primarily a fourth order stream within the study area. Brickyard Creek has a catchment area of approximately 1,700ha upstream of the NEH.

Topographical information indicates generally steep gradients within the catchment ranging up to approximately 20 per cent and existing gradients reduce considerably to form a floodplain in the north-east of


July 2013 Cardno 6

the study area. Figure 2 in Appendix A highlights the variability of the topography within portions of the study area.

No river flow gauges are located within the study area or on Brickyard Creek. The nearest river flow gauging station is located on Deepwater River approximately 5km downstream of the study area.

Several minor overland flow paths convey runoff from the two main ridgelines within the study area and connect with the main unnamed watercourse. At the time of inspection (September 2012) all overland flow paths running off the ridgelines were dry with only minor ponded water observed in some areas.

Given the distance of the existing road from the unnamed watercourse and its floodplain, no instances of flooding of the existing road are known and no local flooding issues were identified during the consultation period.

2.2 Groundwater Hydrology Groundwater resources are defined and recognised by State and Territory agencies as Groundwater Management Units (GMUs) or Unincorporated Areas.

A GMU is a hydraulically connected groundwater system that is recognised as a major aquifer with high production and high usage. The Australian Natural Resources Data Library states that “this definition allows for management of the groundwater resource at an appropriate scale at which resources issues and intensity of use can be incorporated into groundwater management practices”. GMUs may be grouped into provinces with respect to state or geological boundaries

Unincorporated Areas are defined as those areas not included as a GMU.

The study area is located within an Unincorporated Area indicating limited groundwater resources.

The locations of existing groundwater bores are shown in Appendix B and are sourced from the NSW Groundwater Database. There are no registered groundwater bores within the study area. A review of three boreholes northeast of the study area indicates only one recording a very low yield of 0.37 L/s. This suggests very limited groundwater resources in the region.

The desktop groundwater assessment was undertaken by Pells Consulting on behalf of Cardno and preliminary findings are included in Appendix B.


July 2013 Cardno 7

3 Hydrologic & Hydraulic Modelling

3.1 Peak Flow Determination Using topographical survey, available geographic information system (GIS) information and information collected during a site inspection in September 2012, local catchment delineation through the study area was undertaken. Catchment delineation and overland flow path identification is shown in Figure 1 in Appendix A.

Hydrological modelling for the study area was undertaken using the software xp-rafts (version 2009, XP Software). The hydrological model combines rainfall information with local catchment characteristics to estimate a runoff hydrograph.

Design rainfall depths and temporal patterns for the 100 year Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) event were developed using standard techniques provided in Australian Rainfall and Runoff (AR&R) (Engineers Australia, 1999). Based on the catchment type, available information and recommendations in AR&R (Engineers Australia 1999), rainfall losses were incorporated into the model.

No data was available for the calibration of the model and parameters in the model were used based on experience and standard practice for similar catchment types.

3.2 Existing Conditions Flood Levels and Extent Determination A hydraulic model converts runoff calculated using the hydrological model into water levels and velocities throughout the major creek systems and gullies in the study area. The model simulates the hydraulic behaviour of the water within the study area by accounting for flow in potential flow paths. It relies on boundary conditions, which include the runoff hydrographs produced by the hydrologic model and downstream conditions (commonly a water level or the characteristics of a hydraulic ‘control’ such as a bridge or weir).

Two dimensional (2D) hydraulic modelling was carried out to estimate the overland flow behaviour and the Tuflow 1D/2D modelling package (version Sept 2011, BMT WBM) was used for this study.

Two dimensional (2D) modelling requires a hydraulic roughness map that characterises ground surface roughness based on land use. In this assessment, surface roughness was characterised as bushland, open space and road land types based on aerial photography and information collected during the site visit.

No data was available for the calibration of the model and parameters in the model were used based on experience and standard practice for similar floodplain types.

The hydrology and hydraulic model was run for the 100 year Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) storm event in order to estimate the extent of flooding within the catchment.

Figure 3 in Appendix A shows the results of the existing conditions modelling for the 100 year ARI flood extent.

Results indicate that the 100 year ARI flood extent is well defined within the gully adjacent to the existing road and gradually extends into floodplain as the terrain flattens out and the gully joins Brickyard Creek.

It is noted that the results are preliminary at this stage to provide an indication of the expected flood extents during a 1 in 100 year ARI event. The results may be refined based on the following:

Including information on hydraulic structures in the model, such as the bridge over Brickyard Creek; and

Sensitivity to model parameters including rainfall losses and catchment roughness.


July 2013 Cardno 8

4 Conclusions

4.1 Surface Water Impacts The proposed shortlisted routes will cross several watercourses. This provides an opportunity to control the flow during flood events with the provision of drainage structures (such as culverts and bridges) within the road embankment to ensure upstream water levels (afflux) are mitigated to acceptable levels. For some minor tributaries, there may be opportunity to mitigate downstream water levels by redirection of the tributary.

Where the route options preliminary designs crossed watercourses, bridge lengths were conservatively based on the 100 year ARI flood extent (ie to ensure clear passage of flood flows up to the 100 year ARI flood with no impediments such as bridge piers).

In the next stage of development, the proposed bridge extents will be refined and assessed in the hydraulic model to determine potential impacts on flows. Culverts will be sized for cross drainage with waterway opening requirements identified. The redirection of any tributaries and associated flow conveyance will also be assessed.

4.2 Groundwater Impacts The potential impacts to groundwater resources from construction of a new road alignment through the study area are considered minor or negligible.

As the road is a linear feature, it does not cover a large area and is not considered to provide a risk to altering the recharge or water balance of an aquifer system. In addition, in the case of this site, there are no such significant aquifer systems. Specifically:

Deep cuttings associated with the road alignment, if required, are still not expected to intercept any aquifer

There are expected to be insignificant impacts to groundwater flow systems and aquifer water balances. Consequently:

Impacts to groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs) are expected to be small to negligible

Impacts to groundwater users will be negligible

There is anticipated to be neutral effect on the beneficial usage category of aquifers

There is expected to be no requirement for substantial dewatering. Any dewatering required is likely to be superficial, associated with management of local and recent rainfall at the worksite.


July 2013 Cardno 9

Bolivia Hill Upgrade – Assessment of Route Options

APPENDIX A FIGURES

New Englan

d Hwy

Pyes C

reek Rd

Existing CatchmentTopography

HW9 BOLIVIA HILL UPGRADE

Map Produced by Cardno NSW/ACT Pty Ltd (2812)Date: 15 February 2013

Coordinate System: Zone 56 MGA/GDA 94Project: NA89913018-04

Figure2-2D Boundary.wor 01

0.5 1.0

Kilometres

0

1:16,000 Scale at A3

LEGENDELEVATION (m AHD)

790

810

825

1120

890

Elevation (mAHD)

Legend:


July 2013 Cardno 10

Bolivia Hill Upgrade – Assessment of Route Options

APPENDIX B GROUNDWATER ASSESSMENT

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REFEREN

1. Branagaof Miner

2. Green DmanageIndustrie

3. New EnDocumehttp://wwbolivia.h

4. AustraliaWales [Whttp://wwengland

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Packham, G.s New South

trovic J., Burew: Border R

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Resource Atlament], 2012..au/topics/waml

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ects/north_ea

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astern_region

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L12125/1

es. Departme

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vices [WWW

n/new_engla

ew - New So

ed-area-new

RL

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ent

W

and_

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Documents

Recommended Preferred Route Option Report - Appendix C … · 2014-07-10 · Preliminary Hydrology and Hydraulics Report Bolivia Hill Upgrade – Assessment of Route Options July