Recent Developments in Edible Oil Deodorization

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Recent Developments in

Edible Oil DeodorizationEdible Oil Deodorization

Ir. Jan De Kock, Dr. Ir. Wim De Greyt, Ing. F. Soragna Ir. Jan De Kock, Dr. Ir. Wim De Greyt, Ing. F. Soragna Desmet Ballestra Group

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Desmet Ballestra world leader in:Desmet Ballestra world leader in:

De Smet BallestraOil and fats technologiesOil and fats technologies

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7th Euro Fed Lipid CongressOctober 18-21, 2009

Crude OilCrude Oil

October 18-21, 2009Graz, Austria

Crude OilCrude Oil

Soybean oilSoybean oil Palm oilPalm oil

DegummingDegumming

Neutralisation SOAPS

GUMS Degumming

BleachingNeutralisation

Bleaching

SOAPS

FFA

SPLITTING

Bleaching

Steam refiningSteam refining--DeodorisationDeodorisation

DeodorisationDeodorisation

FFADeodorisationDeodorisation

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Deodorization is a crucial refining stage with an


Deodorization is a crucial refining stage with an important effect on the refined oil quality

Desired or Targeted Effects

�Bland taste & smell

Unwanted Effects

- Formation of trans FA

- Low FFA & no hydrolysis

- High oxidative stability

- Polymerisation (dimers)

- Degradation of natural

- Light & stable color

- Removal of contaminants

- Degradation of natural anti-oxidants

- Removal of contaminants ! " ��" �� # $�% ! # $�" &


Distillation Thermal Low pressure by chilled Low pressure by chilled Operating


action

Temperature

Continuous / Continuous /

Low pressure by chilled Low pressure by chilled water / Ice condensingwater / Ice condensing

Operating Parameters

wanted unwanted

Fatty acid stripping

Time Trans isomerisation

Continuous / Continuous / SemicontinuousSemicontinuous

Stripping steam

Contaminant

Crossflow (tray) / Crossflow (tray) / Countercurrent (pack) Countercurrent (pack)

wanted unwanted

Contaminant removal

Pressure

Polymerisation

Shallow bed / Shallow bed / Deep bed Deep bed

Odor - Flavor removal

Heat bleaching

Economizing / Cooling / Economizing / Cooling / Heating under vacuumHeating under vacuum

Deodoriser Deodoriser

wanted wanted Deodoriser Deodoriser designdesign

7th Euro Fed Lipid CongressOctober 18-21, 2009October 18-21, 2009

Graz, Austria

TEMPERATURE

� Temperature range : 160°C – 270°C � Temperature range : 160°C – 270°C

- Depending on type of oil and refining option- Depending on type of oil and refining option* Heat sensitive oils (cocoa butter, fish oil) : 160°C-190°C

* For FFA stripping and/or heat bleaching : 240°C-260°C* For FFA stripping and/or heat bleaching : 240°C-260°C

- Trend to reduce ‘heat load’ during deodorization* Less thermal degradation (trans FA, polymers,…)* Less thermal degradation (trans FA, polymers,…)* Preservation of natural character (retention of anti-oxydants)* Compensated with lower pressure if FFA stripping required* Compensated with lower pressure if FFA stripping required


Graz, Austria

TIME

- Time range : 5 min – few hours - Time range : 5 min – few hours

- Depending on type of oil and refining option- Depending on type of oil and refining option

* Deodorization of soft oils : 20 - 90 min. * FFA stripping (with packed column) : 5 - 10 min.* FFA stripping (with packed column) : 5 - 10 min.

* Full deodorization of fish oil : 2 - 4 hrs


PRESSURE


PRESSURE

- Pressure range : 1-5 mbar (mostly 2-3 mbar)- Pressure range : 1-5 mbar (mostly 2-3 mbar)

- Low pressure required* For stripping of volatile components (FFA, contaminants,…)* For stripping of volatile components (FFA, contaminants,…)

* Protection against oxidation

- Trend to reduce pressure during deodorization* Allows same stripping at lower temp. and/or with less steam* Lower pressure (1.5-2 mbar) with Chilled barometric water system

or Ice Condensing system * Cost factor (lower pressure against higher steam consumption)* Cost factor (lower pressure against higher steam consumption)


Graz, Austria

� Nitrogen

STRIPPING AGENT

� Nitrogen

* inert and non-condensable gas

* lower losses (no hydrolysis) and higher distillate quality* lower losses (no hydrolysis) and higher distillate quality

* more powerful vacuum system required

* profitability is very uncertain

- Steam* most ‘evident’ choice and most used * 5 - 30 kg sparge steam/ton oil, depending on the refining

mode and type of oil mode and type of oil


Graz, Austria

EFFECT OF PROCESS VARIABLES

Temperature Time Pressure Steam

Taste '��''��'��''Taste

Color '��''��'��''

''��'��

FFA

Tocopherols''�� ''��'

''�� ''��'Contaminants1

1pesticides, PAH,dioxins

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1pesticides, PAH,dioxins


Graz, Austria

Trends and developments in edible oil deodorizationTrends and developments in edible oil deodorization

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Graz, Austria

Heat recovery in continuous deodorizer (Qualistock)Heat recovery in continuous deodorizer (Qualistock)

Oil/Oil heat exchange

Bleached oil is pumped through coils and preheated with deodorized oil

*�$


Graz, Austria

Heat recovery in continuous deodorizer (Qualistock)Heat recovery in continuous deodorizer (Qualistock)

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Graz, Austria

ImprovedImprovedheat recoveryin continuousdeodorizing:deodorizing:

Light fuel consumptionLight fuel consumptionAround 3 to 3.5 kg/ton

Natural gas consumption:Around 3.7 to 4.3 Nm3


Heat recovery in semi-continuous deodorizers


Heat recovery in semi-continuous deodorizers


Graz, Austria

Improvedheat recoveryin semi - continuousin semi - continuousdeodorizing:

Light fuel consumptionAround 4 to 4.5 kg/tonAround 4 to 4.5 kg/ton

Natural gas consumption:Around 5.0 to 5.5 Nm3 Around 5.0 to 5.5 Nm3


High stripping efficiency


High stripping efficiency

High stripping efficiencyHigh stripping efficiencyin a deep bed deodorizerwith special designed steam lift pumpssteam lift pumps


•841 Vacuum Plant

LOWER HEAT LOAD – DUAL TEMPERATURE


Scrubber

LOWER HEAT LOAD – DUAL TEMPERATURE

Scrubber

•823

•878AG Distillate Collection

•HP Heating Steam

•to 841 vacuum plant

Stripper Low pressure

•822TS

•878AG Distillate Collection

•P878AG

•881AG Distillate Cooler

•P850/81AG

•Distillate Storage

Deodorizer single or

pressure short pack

•880A1/822

•Steam

•Steam

•Steam

•890 HP Steam generator

•to 841 vacuum plant

•RB Oil Feed DeodorizerDeaerator

single or dual temp

•Cooling Water

•880A2

•822

•Steam

•Steam

•Steam

•RB Oil Feed

•881B Final Oil Cooler

•881A Oil/Oil Heat Exchanger•808 Splash Oil Recovery

•810 Oil Deaeration

•P801

•P880A2•816A Polishing Filters


Trans formation during deodorization ofTrans formation during deodorization of soybean oilsoybean oil


4.5

5

Trans formation during deodorization ofTrans formation during deodorization of soybean oilsoybean oil

270°C

3.5

4

%T

FA%

TFA

TFA max. 1.0%

2

2.5

3

%T

FA%

TFA

260°C

1

1.5

2

250°C

0

0.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

230°C

" �� 7� ��2��80 10 20 30 40 50 60

200°C 210°C 220°C 230°C 240°C 250°C 260°C 270°C

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Conventional vacuum systems


Conventional vacuum systems� Combination of steam jet ejectors (boosters), vapor condensers and mechanical (liquid-ring) vacuum pumpcondensers and mechanical (liquid-ring) vacuum pump

� High motive steam consumption (60-85% of total steam)

Pressure

Booster Deodorizer

kg motive steam per kg strippng steam

30°C (1) 10°C (2)Booster Deodorizer 30°C (1) 10°C (2)

2.5 3 mbar 4.5 1.6 2.5 3 mbar

1.5 2 mbar

4.5 1.6

6.2 2.5

Note: (1) Barometric condenser water inlet temperature: 24°C; outlet temperature: 30°CNote: (1) Barometric condenser water inlet temperature: 24°C; outlet temperature: 30°C (2) Barometric condenser water inlet temperature: 5°C; outlet temperature: 10°C;

CHILLED BAROMETRICCHILLED BAROMETRICVACUUM SYSTEM

-Reduced steam consumption-Vacuum of 1 to 1.5 mbarin the deodorizer is possible


ICE CONDENSING VACUUM SYSTEM


Condensation of steam (into ice) on surface condensers

ICE CONDENSING VACUUM SYSTEM

condensers

Low pressure can be reached (< 2 mbar)reached (< 2 mbar)

Strongly reduced odorStrongly reduced odoremission


Ice Surface Dry Ice Condensation : Principle


Surfacecondenser

Ice Surface Condenser (-26°C)

Ammonia Non-condensables

Surface

Dry Ice Condensation : Principle

Booster or pump

Surfacecondenser

1 mbarVapor from

Steam ejector

Surface Condenser

(30°C)

Sparge steam(100%)

Non-condensables(8%)

Vapor from FA scrubber

Motive steam EffluentMotive steam(100%)

Effluent(92%)

Effluent(108%)Motive

SteamBarometric condenser

waterCondensed Vapor (ice)(92%)Vapor (ice)

(> 95%)


Energy consumption in continuous deodorizer


3500

Energy consumption in continuous deodorizer

2500

3000

3500

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1500

2000

2500

kW

%�7��

500

1000%�7��

3 ��-0

Ejectors Ejectors Chilled Ice

3 ��-

Ejectors No HR

Ejectors 80% HR

Chilled 80% HR

Ice 80% HR


DOUBLE FATTY ACIDS CONDENSATION SYSTEM


- Increases acidity of the fatty acid distillate - Recovers valuable by-products (tocopherol concentrates)

DOUBLE FATTY ACIDS CONDENSATION SYSTEM

- Recovers valuable by-products (tocopherol concentrates)


Graz, Austria

CONCLUSIONS

Deodorizers become more and more heat efficient.Deodorizers become more and more heat efficient.

Improved vacuum systems (chilled water, ice condensing) Improved vacuum systems (chilled water, ice condensing) allow better product quality (low trans, better retention of natural anti-oxydants….)natural anti-oxydants….)

Deodorizers can be tailor made, designed for specific applications and raw materials, to improve the overall applications and raw materials, to improve the overall efficiency of the deodorizing process.

De Smet Ballestra GroupDe Smet Ballestra GroupDe Smet Ballestra GroupDe Smet Ballestra Group

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Recent Developments in Edible Oil Deodorization