9/14/2014

1

OBJECTIVES

INTRODUCTION

LECTURE I LECTURE I

Discuss the ECOSYSTEM approach in the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment in terrestrial ecosystems.

Describe the structure of an ecosystem and how its components interact.

Analyze the interplay of regulatory mechanisms that affect ecosystem structure and processes.

Identify the ways on how humans have been affecting ecosystems

A. ECOLOGY AND THE ECOSYSTEM CONCEPT

INTRODUCTION

LECTURE I LECTURE I

OUTLINE

B. ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE AND PROCESSES

C. CONTROLS OVER ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES

INTRODUCTION

LECTURE I LECTURE I

OVERVIEW

A population of deer (Axis calamianensis) in Calauit Island, Palawan A population of deer (Axis calamianensis) in Calauit Island, Palawan

ECOSYSTEM DEFINITION 1

LECTURE I: INTRODUCTION

A. ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM CONCEPT

Actions of Organisms in an Ecosystem Photos from: Dr. Murray Gaskins/EWD/Patchwork Times

Focus of Ecosystem Ecology

9/14/2014

2

Quantity and Flow of Materials in an Ecosystem

THE POOLS AND FLUXES

CARBON, WATER,

NITROGEN,PHOSPHORUS,

NOVEL CHEMICALS

ABIOTIC POOLS BIOTIC POOLS

SOIL, ROCKS, WATER, ATMOSPHERE

ANIMAL, PLANTS, SOIL,

MICROORGANISM

ESSENTIAL ECOSYSTEM

COMPONENTS

CONCEPT 8

BIOLOGICAL ABIOTIC

LECTURE I: INTRODUCTION

B. ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE AND PROCESSES

PLANTS

ANIMALS

DECOMPOSER

WATER

ATMOSPHERE

SOIL MINERALS Processes That Brought Flow of Material

Among Abiotic Communities

ABIOTIC

COMPONENTS

Processes That Brought Flow of Material

Among Biotic Communities

BIOTIC

COMPONENTS

Regulators Regulators

WEATHERING

DISSOLUTION EVAPORATION

ABSORPTION

DECOM-

POSITION

DEATH

CONSUMPTION

INTRODUCTION

LECTURE I LECTURE I

CONCEPT REVIEW

ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE AND PROCESSES

The State Factors that Control Ecosystem Processes

ECOSYSTEM

PROCESSES

TIME

CLIMATE

TOPOGRAPHY

PARENT MATERIAL

POTENTIAL BIOTA

9/14/2014

3

The State Factors that Control Ecosystem Processes

ECOSYSTEM

PROCESSES

ECOSYSTEM

PROCESSES

ECOSYSTEM

PROCESSES

Examples of linked positive and negative feedbacks in ecosystems (Chapin et al. 1996)

Summary of the Dynamics in Ecosystem

ECOSYSTEM

PROCESSES

Resources Resources Disturbance

Regime

Disturbance

Regime

Human

Activities

Human

Activities

Modulators Modulators

Biotic

Community

Biotic

Community

The Interactive Controls

ECOSYSTEM

PROCESSES

Resources Resources Disturbance

Regime

Disturbance

Regime

Human

Activities

Human

Activities

Modulators Modulators

Biotic

Community

Biotic

Community

Direct and indirect effects of human activities on Earth’s ecosystem (Vitousek et al. 1997)