rdon't know for sure · 2016. 11. 26. · Her FRIENDS \rwere probably \rjealous of her. We\rdon't know for sure. Built during Justinian's reign. Took 5-6 years to build. Known as

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NinaTypewritten TextHe created the Justinian Code. Hehired 10 legal experts who went thru400 years of Roman law. They gotrid of the old stuff, and the duplicativestuff. And they simplified laws so theywere easier to understand. Thisnew legal code lasted 900 years!The significance of the code was thatsince it was written in Latin, the European countries were able to useit and it became the basis for theirlegal codes.

NinaTypewritten TextJustinian was described as devout and determined while he was living. But after he died, the historian Procopius described him as two-faced.






NinaTypewritten TextHe recovered much of the formerWestern Roman territories that hadbeen lost when the Western RomanEmpire fell. He increased trade in Constantinoplemaking the city a crossroads oftrade.He embarked on a big building pro-ject which included churches, courthouses, libraries, bridges, schoolsand the Hagia Sophia is a greatexample of these accomplishments

NinaTypewritten TextJustinian's accomplishments include driving the barbarians out of North Africa, Spain and Italy. Thiswas how he reconquered most of the land lost duringthe fall of the Western Roman Empire. Keep in mind,he never recovered the city of Rome.

NinaTypewritten TextConstantinople was built on 7 hills and divided into 14 districts. It was protected by13 miles of walls, watchtowers and gates. It was easily fortified on three sides because of the water (it was bordered by a natural harbor). The city was surrounded by three walls and a deep moat. The innermost wall was 25 feet thick and 70 feet tall! Its location combined with its control of the Bosporus Strait made the city a crossroads (hub or center) for trade and shipping between Europe, Africa and Asia. It was adequate distance from Germain invasions that were happening in the western empire. It was a good location to protect Europe's eastern frontier.In 1453 it was seized by Turks and renamed Istanbul. Today it is a major city in modern Turkey.

NinaTypewritten TextConstantinople played a major role in the Byzantine Empire. It was the true center (or seat) of the Byzantine power until the Ottoman conquest. Constantinople played a big role in preserving classical Greco-Roman culture. Education was important. Scholars preserved Greek and Roman great works: Euclid used to teach geometry; Galen used to teach medicine; Herodotus used to teach history; and Homer used to teach literature.

NinaTypewritten Textshe married Justinian when she was in her 20s. She had worked as an "actress" which meant she dancedand sometimes worked as a prostitute. He wisdom and skills surpassed (were better than) her husband's. She convinced him to crush the Nika rebellion. She started Social Welfare programs for the poor. She worked for women's rights. She made a convent for former prostitutes. She died from cancer. After she died, her husband never remarried and never introduced new laws.

NinaTypewritten Textshe was from a low class, very poor.

NinaTypewritten TextJustainian's uncle, Emperor Justin had to change the laws so

NinaTypewritten TextJustinian could legally marry her since he was an Aristocrat and she was poor.

NinaTypewritten TextThe POOR likedher because shemade programsto help them.

NinaTypewritten TextWOMEN likedher because of her programs and her fight forwomen's rights

NinaTypewritten TextNIKA REBELS hated her becausethey would havewon their rebellionif she hadn't talkedher husband into fighting.

NinaTypewritten TextJUSTINIAN wasin awe of her abilities and listened to her onimportant issues

NinaTypewritten TextHer FRIENDS were probably jealous of her. Wedon't know for sure


NinaTypewritten TextBuilt during Justinian's reign. Took 5-6 years to build. Known as the "Church of Holy Wisdom" When Constantinoplefell to the Turks, Hagia Sophia became a mosque. Now its a museum.

NinaTypewritten TextPlain exterior symbolizes earthly life. Ornate interior symbolized spiritual universe. Cathedral's size, thick pillars and enclosed space show Roman influence. Intricate and ornate design shows Eastern influences. Byzantine architects invented the PENDENTIVES which connected the round base of a dome to a square building. The combination of Greco-Roman and Middle Eastern influence are evident in the intricate decoration on columns. Mosaics with gold-covered stones added more light to the huge interior of Hagia Sophia.


NinaTypewritten TextArt and architecture in the ByzantineEmpire were inspired by two things:the Christian religion and Imperial power

NinaTypewritten TextThe Hagia Sophi is considered the most beautiful architectural achievement of the Byzantine Empire. (Another impressive architectural building was the Hippodrome. It was used as an entertainment venue (location). It was where chariot races and circuses were held.)

NinaTypewritten TextThe CONTRIBUTIONS OFTHE BYZANTINEEMPIRE FOR ART AND ARCHITECTURE are -Icons-Mosaics-Hagia Sophia

NinaTypewritten TextReligious images




NinaTypewritten TextWEST

NinaTypewritten TextEAST







NinaTypewritten TextThe geographic distance created a lack ofcommunication between the churches in the Western Roman Empire and those inthe Eastern Roman Empire. Eventually,they began to develop different ritualsand ceremonies. The Pope (WEST) and the Patriarch (EAST) both disagreed on whetherICONS could be used in churches.These two excommunicated one another in 1054. This is when thetwo churches split. We call this the Great Schism, which basically means the two churches split apart.



NinaTypewritten TextLike pictures of important Christiansor sacred events. Can be mosaics, murals, wooden panels.

NinaTypewritten TextICONOMASTS were the people who did not believein the icons. They thought worshipping to these iconswas "idol worship". So the Emperor of the EAST which is the Byzantine Empire, banned icons. The Monks in the East disagreed with him. The Church (Pope) in the west (Rome) supported the Monks.

NinaTypewritten TextEXCOMMUNICATION means "cast out from the church"SCHISM means permanent split betweenthe churches.PATRIARCH mean the head bishop of the east (Constantinople--Byzantine Empire)POPE mean head of the west church (Rome)LITURGY means church services.


NinaTypewritten TextWestern Roman Catholic Church was centered in Rome. It was far from the seat of government (which you remember had beenmoved to Constantinople). It conduced its services in LATIN. Liturgymeans services. The Pope had authority over all other bishops. The Pope had authority overall kings and emperors. Priests could not marry and must remain celibate. Divorce was not permitted.



NinaTypewritten TextThe Eastern Church--Greek Orthodox was centered in Constantinople so it was close to the seat of government power (once the capital had been moved to Constantinople). Its Liturgy (services) were conduced in Greek or other local languages. It was headed by the Patriarch (and other bishops). The Emperor claimed authority over the Patriarch and other bishops of the Byzantine Empire.Priests could marry. Divorce was allowed under certain conditions.


NinaTypewritten TextTIN

NinaTypewritten TextFUR, HONEYTIMBER

NinaTypewritten TextSILK

NinaTypewritten TextSPICES

NinaTypewritten TextIVORY AND GOLD

NinaTypewritten TextCORK

NinaTypewritten TextWINE


NinaTypewritten TextPlague of Justinian that crippled Empire. In 542, 10,000 people were dying every dayAttacks from East, West, and North (Slavs, Persians, Turks, and Russian invasions)Attempt to maintain power (Through political marriages, bribes and diplomacy)Walls kept the peninsula strong until 1453 when it fell to the Ottoman TurksSplit of the Church

NinaTypewritten TextTrade routes between the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea led to exchange of ideas and culture.

NinaTypewritten TextEastern Orthodox Missionaries spread their faith to the Slavic people of Russia and Eastern Europe


NinaTypewritten TextCyril invented an alphabet for the Slavic languages so that the Slavs could red the Bible in their own tongue. This was called the Cyrillic alphabet. This helped to spread the Eastern Orthodox religion.

NinaTypewritten TextChurch architecture and religious art


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rdon't know for sure · 2016. 11. 26. · Her FRIENDS \rwere probably \rjealous of her. We\rdon't know for sure. Built during Justinian's reign. Took 5-6 years to build. Known as