R&D in R&D in BrazilBrazil::

TheThe Role of Finep inRole of Finep in

thethe Federal Federal GovernmentGovernment

Sergio M. Rezende

__________________________ SMR, GLOBELICS-03/11/2003

HistoricalHistorical NotesNotes

Brazil, 19th Century

Royal Family arrives in Br

in 1808 as Napoleon threat

to invade Portugal

Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil

1808 - Royal Press created – first legal printing machines

1822 – Independence of Brazil

Important institutions created

1808- Medical Schools: Rio and Salvador

1810- Royal Military Academy- Later Engineering School (1874)

1827- Law Schools: São Paulo and Olinda-Recife

1887 - Agronomical Station of Campinas – (Dafert)

1892 – Vaccine Institute of São Paulo and

Inst. Bacterials - Butantã (Adolfo Lutz, Vital Brasil)

1889 - Public Health Institute Manguinhos

(Oswaldo Cruz, Carlos Chagas)

istoricalistorical Notes Notes –– LateLate start onstart on S&S&

HistoricalHistorical NotesNotes

1967 – Financing Agency for Studies and Projects - FINEP

1973 - EMBRAPA

1934 - University of São Paulo – USP

1948 – Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science –SBPC

1950 – Institute for Aeronautical Technology - ITA

1951 – National Research Council (CNPq) and CAPES

1962 – FAPESP begins operation

1962 – FUNTEC/BNDES - beginning of graduate programs

1968 – Reform of federal university system – full time jobs

1986 – Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT

S&T in the Federal Government

NationalS&T

Council

Ministry

of S&T

Ministry of

Agriculture

Ministry of

Industry

Ministry of

Health

Ministry of

EducationResearch unitsCNPqFinep

UniversitiesTechnical schoolsCapes

EMBRAPA FioCruz

Ministry of

Environment

Ministry of

Defense

Ministry of

Communications

ITA

ederal ederal University SystemUniversity SystemMinistryMinistry of of EducationEducation

Units of MCT

Synchrotron Light National Laboratory

Role of CNPq: Individual research grants; Undergraduate, Graduate and Research Fellowships

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98

Research

Graduate

Undergraduate

Number offellowships

CAPES fellowships

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 0 1

PhDsMSC

______________Cortesia- C.H. Brito Cruz

Papers publishedPapers published

PhDs graduation in Brazil

17501410

11399901005743720628587547554

17591875 2031

2479

2950

36044000

4800

551

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

ITA made EMBRAER possibleBrazil begins to manufacture modern

airplanes

Embraer planes becomeimportantin the export agenda of Brazil

Cortesia C.H. Brito Cruz

EMBRAPA established research centers throughoutthe Country. Many interact with universities

Brazilian agricultural production propelled by S&T

Product World Rank in 2002

Sugar 1st

Orange juice 1st

Coffee 1st

Soil bean 2nd

Beef 2nd

Poultry 2nd

Corn 3rd

Fruits 3rd

DISTRIBUTION OF RESEARCH GROUPS BY AREA

31 % Natural SciencesHumanities &Social Sciences 27%

Life Sciences 42%

Expenditures on R&D - 1999

Source Relative % of GNPparticipation %

FederalGovernment 40 0.35StateGovernments 23 0.20___________________________________________TotalGovernment 63 0.55____________________________________________PrivateCompanies 37 0.33

TOTAL 100 0.88

Expenditures of federal funds for R&D - 1999

Others4%Environment

2%Health 3%

Industry&Commerce 4% MCT 47%

Agriculture 19%

Education21%

Expenditures of State Governments on S&T Activities - 1999

Current challenge of S&T System

HoweverHowever, , few private companiesfew private companies

do R&Ddo R&D

Brazil has the largest and Brazil has the largest and

best best S&T S&T system system in in Latin Latin

AmericaAmerica

ToTo incorporateincorporate R&D R&D activities activities

inin the productivethe productive sector sector andand

to to makemake societysociety benefitbenefit fromfrom

thethe productsproducts of of sciencescience andand

Ministry of Science and Technology

NationalS&T Council Ministry

National

Nuclear

Commission

National

Space

Agency

National

Research

Council -CNPq

Research Units

National Labs

Technological

Institutes

(Total of 22)

Financing

Agency for

Studies & Projects

FINEP

ObjectivesObjectives of of newnew managementmanagement of MCTof MCT

1.1. Promote Promote R&D in R&D in science and technologyscience and technology, , formation formation of of human resources and international cooperation human resources and international cooperation for for the development the development of of the the Country Country and the and the afirmation afirmation of of its sovereigntyits sovereignty..

CNPq: CNPq: FellowshipsFellowships andand individual individual grantsgrants

FINEP: FINEP: Research grants Research grants to to institutionsinstitutions

2.2. EstimulateEstimulate R&D R&D and innovation and innovation in in industry with industry with emphasis on emphasis on sectorssectors that promotethat promote substitution substitution of of imported goods and the value added imported goods and the value added to to national national productsproducts..

FINEP: FINEP: FinancingFinancing of of technologicaltechnological centerscenters andand

3.3. StimulateStimulate local local developmentdevelopment, , basicbasic and applied and applied researchresearch, , aimingaiming at at improvingimproving thethe geographicalgeographicaldistributiondistribution of of thethe S&T S&T systemsystem..

4.4. Establish programsEstablish programs for for technologicaltechnological difusion difusion to to support the support the development development of of smallsmall businessbusiness and and for for the the use of use of knowledge knowledge in in actions with actions with social social impactimpact..

5.5. Promote projects and actions Promote projects and actions for for thethe popularization popularization of of scientific scientific knowledgeknowledge andand thethe improvementimprovement of of sciencescience teachingteaching in in high schoolhigh school..

Expenditures on S&T by MCT (R$ 1 million)

Sectorial Funds for S&T

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento

Cientifico eCientifico e TecnologicoTecnologico -- CNPqCNPq

Individual research grants

Nuclei of Excellence

Millenium Institutes

Research felowships

Graduate student fellowships

Undergraduate fellowships

Thematic networks (biotecnology,

nanoscience)

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

-- FINEPFINEP

Double Role of FINEP

Financing Agency for S,T&I: FNDCT

Research grants to non-profit

institutions

Bank: loans at low interest rates

Other initiatives of FINEP

Grants to researchers in small

firms

Venture capital to selected

small firms

Support to venture capital

funds

Venture forums

Science parks

Incubators of high tech firms

Thanks for your attention