Rash 1

RashFor other uses, see Rash (disambiguation).

Rash

A diffuse rash on the back of a male

ICD-10 R21 [1]

ICD-9 782.1 [2]

MedlinePlus 003220 [3]

MeSH D005076 [4]

A rash is a change of the skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.A rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color,itch, become warm, bumpy, chapped, dry, cracked or blistered, swell, and may be painful.The causes, and therefore treatments for rashes, vary widely. Diagnosis must take into account such things as theappearance of the rash, other symptoms, what the patient may have been exposed to, occupation, and occurrence infamily members. The diagnosis may confirm any number of conditions.The presence of a rash may aid diagnosis; associated signs and symptoms are diagnostic of certain diseases. Forexample, the rash in measles is an erythematous, morbilliform, maculopapular rash that begins a few days after thefever starts. It classically starts at the head, and spreads downwards.

Differential diagnosisCommon causes of rashes include:• Food Allergy•• Anxiety• Allergies, for example to food, dyes, medicines, insect stings, metals such as zinc or nickel; such rashes are often

called hives.• Skin contact with an irritant

• Fungal infection, such as ringworm•• Balsam of Peru

• Reaction to vaccination

Rash 2

• Skin diseases such as eczema or acne• Exposure to sun (sunburn) or heat• Friction due to chafing of the skin• Irritation such as caused by abrasives impregnated in clothing rubbing the skin. The cloth itself may be abrasive

enough for some people•• Menstruation•• Secondary syphilis•• Poor personal hygieneUncommon causes:• Autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis•• Lead poisoning•• Pregnancy•• Repeated scratching on a particular spot•• Lyme Disease•• Scarlet fever

Diagnostic approachThe causes of a rash are numerous, which may make the evaluation of a rash extremely difficult. An accurateevaluation by a provider may only be made in the context of a thorough history (What medication is the patienttaking? What is the patient's occupation? Where has the patient been?) and complete physical examination.Points to note in the examination include:• The appearance: e.g., purpuric (typical of vasculitis and meningococcal disease), fine and like sandpaper (typical

of scarlet fever); circular lesions with a central depression are typical of molluscum contagiosum (and in the past,small pox); plaques with silver scales are typical of psoriasis.

• The distribution: e.g., the rash of scarlet fever becomes confluent and forms bright red lines in the skin creases ofthe neck, armpits and groins (Pastia's lines); the vesicles of chicken pox seem to follow the hollows of the body(they are more prominent along the depression of the spine on the back and in the hollows of both shoulderblades); very few rashes affect the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (secondary syphilis, rickettsia orspotted fevers,[5] guttate psoriasis, hand, foot and mouth disease, keratoderma blennorrhagicum);

• Symmetry: e.g., herpes zoster usually only affects one side of the body and does not cross the midline.

Patch test

A patch test may be ordered, for diagnostic purposes.

Rash 3

Overview of symptoms

Skin disease Symptoms Usual area of body

Acne Vulgaris Comedones, papules, pustules and nodules. Face, chest and back.

Acne Rosacea Flushed appearance or redness. Cheeks, chin, forehead or nose.

Boil Painful red bump or a cluster of painful red bumps Anywhere

Cellulitis Red, tender and swollen areas of skin Around a cut, scrape or skin breach

Insect bite Red and/or itchy bumps on the skin Anywhere and can be sprinked randomly

Allergic reaction Irregular, raised or flat red sores that appeared after takingmedicine/drugs or eating certain foods

Anywhere

Hives Bumps formed suddenly Anywhere but usually first noticed on face

Seborrheic dermatitis Bumps and swelling Near glands

Cradle Cap Dry, scaly skin Scalp of recently born babies

Irritant contact dermatitis Red, itchy, scaly, or oily rash Eyebrows, nose, edge of the scalp, point ofcontact with jewellery, perfume, or clothing.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis caused bypoison ivy, poison oak, sumac, orBalsam of Peru

Red, itchy, scaly or oily rash; can also be weeping orleathery.

Anywhere that came in contact with theirritant either directly or via transfer (e.g.from contaminated clothing.)

Allergic purpura Small red dots on the skin, or larger, bruise-like spots thatappeared after taking medicine

Anywhere

Pityriasis Rosea Started with a single scaly, red and slightly itchy spot, andwithin a few days, did large numbers of smaller patches ofthe rash, some red and/or others tan

Chest and abdomen

Dermatitis herpetiformis Intensely itchy rash with red bumps and blisters Elbows, knees, back or buttocks

Erythema nodosum Large red bumps that seem to bruise and are tender to touch Anywhere

Psoriasis White, scaly rash over red, flaky, irritated skin Elbows and knees

Erythema multiforme Red, blotchy rash, with "target like" hives or sores. Anywhere

Measles Red rash that is raised with a fever or sore throat. Usually starts first on the forehead and faceand spreads downward.

Chickenpox Multiple blisters with a fever, cough, aches, tiredness andsore throat.

Usually starts first on the face, chest andback and spreads downward.

Shingles Red blisters that are very painful and may crust Anywhere

Fifth Disease Started as a fever and then developed a bright red rash Cheeks

Warts Soft bumps forming that don't itch and have no othersymptoms

Anywhere

Ringworm Bald spot on the scalp or a ring of itchy red skin Anywhere

Syphilis Rash that is red but not itchy Palms of hands or soles of feet

Jock itch, yeast infection or diaperrash

Red itchy rash Groin

Tinea versicolor Light coloured patches Anywhere

Impetigo Crusted, tan-colored sores Near nose or lip

Scabies Bite-like sores that itch and spread intensely Usually start on hands or feet and spreadeverywhere

Rash 4

Rocky Mountain spotted fever A fine rash with a fever and headache Usually start on arms and legs including thehands and feet

Lupus erythematosus A butterfly rash with achy joints Forehead and cheeks

Jaundice or sign of hepatitis Yellowish Skin, whites of eyes and mouth

Bruise Blue or black area after being hit Anywhere

Actinic keratoses Scaly, pink, gray or tan patches or bumps Face, scalp or on the backs or the hands

Keloid or hypertrophic scar Scar that has grown larger than expected Anywhere

Lipoma Soft or rubbery growth Anywhere

Milia Lots of white spots On the face of a baby

Molluscum or contagiosum Small, firm, round bumps with pits in the center that may siton tiny stalks

Anywhere

Scarlet Fever Becomes confluent and forms bright red lines in the skincreases of the neck, armpits and groins (Pastia's lines)

Face, chest & back, whole body, armpits,inside elbows, groins

Sebaceous cyst Bump with a white dome under the skin Scalp, nape of the neck or upper back

Skin tag Soft, fleshy growth, lump or bump Face, neck, armpits or groin

Xanthelasma Yellow area under the skin Under eyelids

Melanoma Dark bump that may have started within a mole or blemish,or, a spot or mole that has changed in color, size, shape or ispainful or itchy

Anywhere

Basal cell carcinoma Fleshy, growing mass Areas exposed to the sun

Squamous cell carcinoma Unusual growth that is red, scaly or crusted Face, lip or chin

Kaposi's sarcoma Dark or black raised spots on the skin that keep growing orhave appeared recently

Anywhere

Erythema annulare centrifugum(EAC)

Pink-red ring or bullseye marks Anywhere

TreatmentTreatment differs according to what rash a patient has been diagnosed with. Common rashes can be easily remediedusing steroid topical creams (such as hydrocortisone) or non-steroidal treatments. Many of the medications areavailable over the counter in the United States.Wikipedia:Citation neededThe problem with steroid topical creams i.e. hydrocortisone; is their inability to penetrate the skin through absorptionand therefore not be effective in clearing up the affected area, thus rendering the hydrocortisone almost completelyineffective in all except the most mild of cases.Wikipedia:Citation needed

Rash 5

References[1] http:/ / apps. who. int/ classifications/ icd10/ browse/ 2010/ en#/ R21[2] http:/ / www. icd9data. com/ getICD9Code. ashx?icd9=782. 1[3] http:/ / www. nlm. nih. gov/ medlineplus/ ency/ article/ 003220. htm[4] http:/ / www. nlm. nih. gov/ cgi/ mesh/ 2009/ MB_cgi?field=uid& term=D005076[5] Scholar search (http:/ / scholar. google. co. uk/ scholar?hl=en& lr=& q=intitle:A+ febrile+ illness+ with+ generalized+ papular+ rash+

involving+ the+ palms+ and+ soles& as_publication=Clin+ Infect+ Dis& as_ylo=2007& as_yhi=2007& btnG=Search)

External links• Guide to rashes on Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia (http:/ / www. nlm. nih. gov/ medlineplus/ ency/ article/

003220. htm) – includes photographs• Links to pictures of skin rashes (Hardin MD/Univ of Iowa) (http:/ / hardinmd. lib. uiowa. edu/ skinrashes. html)• Arm Pit Rashes (http:/ / armpitrash. net)

Article Sources and Contributors 6

Article Sources and ContributorsRash  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=605652042  Contributors: **mech**, 16@r, Aaron north, Abc123poo, AdamSommerton, Adelpine, Aftertaken864, Against the current,Ainali, Alansohn, Alex.tan, Allens, Alpha Quadrant (alt), AnakngAraw, AndrewH, Andycjp, Angelito7, Anna Frodesiak, Arcadian, Archhill581, Arvindn, Auror, Ayman Qasrawi, Badger Drink,Barek, Bemoeial, Beta m, Bigt13, Bonadea, Bracewelljh, Brandon, Brokenchairs, Bruce1ee, Bryceslv, Bucktof15, BuzyBody, Caknuck, Calabe1992, Calor, Caltas, CarrotTree, Chloem86,Commandur, Courcelles, Crohnie, CryptoDerk, Dan Polansky, Data5812, David R. Ingham, Deepak.Ghimire, Deidrewarner, Denisarona, Dina, Discospinster, DiverDave, Domingo Portales, Dr.Blofeld, Dsyn22, E Wing, ELCleanup, El C, Eliz81, Enochlau, Epeefleche, Etz Haim, Fabiform, Faceship, Fatlenin, Florian Jesse, Foxj, Gak, Glen, Gnashes30, Gobonobo, GoingBatty,Graham87, Happy B., Hardin MD, Headbomb, Hu12, Hywel Dda, Ijr900, Intermedichbo, Invertzoo, Itc editor2, JanicekJiri, Jayron32, Jeltz, Jfdwolff, Jidanni, Jinjibïar, Jjalexand, Jmh649,Jndrline, Jrcla2, Justsaynoemore, Kauczuk, Kayne0123, Kenchikuben, Kinaro, Koterpillar, LOL, LOTRrules, Lalolanda, LeaveSleaves, Legion fi, Loren.wilton, Lugia2453, M fic, MER-C, MacLover, Magioladitis, Makeemlighter, Mani1, MarcoTolo, Martich, Materialscientist, Merovingian, MickaBobba, Mikael Häggström, Mike2vil, Morzor61, MrOllie, My Core Competency isCompetency, Mylifebelikeohh, Nat Krause, Neelix, NeoJustin, Niceguyedc, NotWith, Oatmeal batman, Ohnoitsjamie, Okki, Owain.davies, Paiamshadi, Pekinensis, Philip Trueman, Pinkadelica,Polluxian, Pontificalibus, RainbowOfLight, Rashboy90, Rashboy900, Rashy100, Rkoudelka, Robbobrob, RogerR, Satron, Schekinov Alexey Victorovich, Schentler, Sexiestbeast1234, Sgtlion,Shadowjams, Shenme, Sietse Snel, Sitethief, Srleffler, Stemonitis, Susan118, TFOWR, Tainted Drifter, Taker 337, TastyPoutine, Thrissel, Thriyambika, Throwingofmeat, Tide rolls, Trusilver,TutterMouse, UILib, Vacation9, Venu62, Viperphantom, Wellskipedia, WereSpielChequers, WikiLaurent, WikiRigaou, Will Beback, Woohookitty, Wsiegmund, Yowhasoy, ZayZayEM,Zer0render, Åkebråke, 55דוד, 达 伟, 262 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsImage:Severerash.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Severerash.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Original uploader was Rashy100 at en.wikipediaFile:Epikutanni-test.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Epikutanni-test.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: User:Jan Polák

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