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Rapture of the Deep Sky. Mel Ulmer Dept of Physics & Astronomy Northwestern University http://www.astro.northwestern.edu/~ulmer This talk posted on http://www.astro.northwestern.edu/~ulmer/private/coma/Rapture_of_the_Deep_sky.ppt Also need - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Rapture of the Deep Sky
Mel Ulmer
Dept of Physics & Astronomy
Northwestern University
http://www.astro.northwestern.edu/~ulmer
This talk posted onhttp://www.astro.northwestern.edu/~ulmer/private/coma/Rapture_of_the_Deep_sky.ppt
Also need
http://www.astro.northwestern.edu/~ulmer/private/coma/mirror_comparison_lg.mov [quicktime]
Also need
http://www.astro.northwestern.edu/~ulmer/private/coma/lens0.mpeg [quicktime]
Clusters come into existence?
Age of Universe about 13.7 Gyr
M
M
hh22
hh22
k[h Mpc k[h Mpc –1–1]]
P(k
) [h
P
(k)
[h –3–
3 Mpc
M
pc 33 ]]
[h Mpc [h Mpc –1–1]]
P(k) Complementary measure crucial; Improves w and dw/dz by ~ factor 4
2.5 arcmin/1.1 Mpc
RCS1325+2858 z=0.95 Smoothed X-ray emission contours
The Coma Cluster
Rich cluster Relatively close by:
distance = 95 Mpc redshift = 0.02
High galactic latitude: Ra = 12h 59m 48s Dec = 27d 58.8m
NGC 4889
NGC 4874NGC 4911
10’
280 kpc
Coma Cluster Zoomed
300 kpc
300 kpc
Coma Cluster X-ray residuals
Color-Magnitude Relation
Many of our LSBs fall on the CMR!
=> Same origin and aging as larger galaxies
From R= 18!
The CMR and LSBs Evolution CMR is a metallicity effect: elliptical galaxies undergo
extended star formation at high redshifts creating the CMR and then evolve passively
LSBs along the CMR sequence were formed at the same time as bright ellipticals and evovled in the same fashion
Consistent with cluster formation simulations: first galaxies created are in the center (CMR LSBs)
Contours of CMR LSBs
4889
4874
4911
Blue LSBs
Blue LSBs
Residual from X-rays after isothermal sphere fit subtracted
All LSBs
0.5-2.0 keV X-rays ROSAT, raw data
0.5-2.0 keV X-rays ROSAT, wavelet filter processed
Cl 1205+44 z = 0.6
Cl 11205+44 X-rays and Radio
Cl 1257+47 z = 0.9 color visible + near IR
Cl 1257+47 left color, visble=> near IR; right X-ray plus near IR
Compilation of Lx of Clusters versus z
Chandra Mirror Blank
XMM-newton Area vs energy
XMM-Newton coated mandrel
Resulting XMM-Newton Ni Mirror Au coated on inside
Wolter I X-ray optic design
Chandra X-ray Observatory
CXC
Schematic of Grazing Incidence, X-ray Mirrors
7 keV image made at APS UNIT-CAT
XMM-Newton CCD camera
What a low temp detector (LTD) does for you vs a CCD
CCD Energy resolution LTD Energy Resolution
Dream Machine:
3,000 sq cm
10 eV energy Resolution
1 degree FOV
10 arc sec angular resolution
Sky coverage between 1,000 and 10,000 sq degrees yielding approximately 10,000 clusters
===
Focal Length approximately 3 meters, diameter less than 2 meters. => NO Shuttle Launch Required!
Competition:
XMM (1,00 sq mc) 10 degrees “deep” (approximately 50ksec/pointing) contiguous, 200 degrees shallower (approximately 10 ksec/exposure) and discontinuous, CCD energy resolution average angular resolution approximately 20 arc seconds.
Chandra collection area ~400 sq cm, 0.5 arc second angular resolution. Steradian coverage approximately the same as XMM.
Hero Dr. Mel: Untouched comic strip. Reminds us we live on 4-D surface in 5-D manifold