Ranking Influence on Romanian Universit ies Ilie ROTARIU Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu

Ranking Influence on Romanian Universities

Ilie ROTARIULucian Blaga University of Sibiu

The unintended perverted effects of the ranking of universities within the political environments within countries in transition

Case study: Romania

Ilie ROTARIULucian Blaga University of Sibiu

Part one

General considerations

The human race actual challenge The human race actual challenge

1930

6.79

8.91

5.27

2.07

3.02

20502010199019601850

1.26


1930

6.79

8.91

5.27

2.07

3.02

20502010199019601850

1.26


1930

6.79

8.91

5.27

2.07

3.02

20502010199019601850

1.26


1930

6.79

8.91

5.27

2.07

3.02

2050201019901960

Knowledge Knowledge societysociety

1850

1.26

Knowledge society

the educational system

Academic system

“its engine”

Knowledge society


Academic system

“its engine”

Stakeholders

StudentsAcademic staff

Public -parents -civil society

-politicianspoliticians Funders - publicpublic -private

Mass mediaMass media

Knowledge society


Academic system

“its engine”

Stakeholders




Mass mediaMass mediaRanking makers

Audience

Knowledge society


Academic system

“its engine”

Stakeholders





Ranking makers

AudiencePoliticians

Public funds -government - public funded institutions

Academic system

Stakeholders





Ranking makers

AudiencePoliticians

Public funds -government - public funded institutions

Public reaction:

Who is the best? Which is the first? Why ours are not in the top?Why ours are not in the top? Who is the guilty one? Who is the guilty one?

•The loss of faith, by the population, within the national academic system means the departure of candidates towards foreign universities, not necessarily top ranked, exceptions being overseen through the mass media effect as a general rule;

•The usage, by external competition, of such campaigns in order to recruit candidates;

•Adopting measures, by those in power, in their own interest or the interest of their clients;

•Losing funding and contracts by the national academic environment;

•The loss of faith, by the population, within the national academic system means the departure of candidates towards foreign universities, not necessarily top ranked, exceptions being overseen through the mass media effect as a general rule;

•The usage, by external competition, of such campaigns in order to recruit candidates;

•Adopting measures, by those in power, in their own interest or the interest of their clients;

•Losing funding and contracts by the national academic environment;•The perpetuation of reforms, whereas a reform becomes a

continuous, repeated one, the new power cancelling also the good measures undertaken by the former power;

•The application, within the national academic environment, of methods and techniques used within global hierarchies, without the profundity and adaptation to the national specifics, many times with a political interest.

Part two

Case study: Romania

We state that Romania is still a country in transition towards a society and an economy of a West European type.

After 1990 the academic system exploded, trying to recover the lacks and remaining behind and to achieve global parameters.

- the number of universities nearly tripled, and - the number of students jumped from 170

thousands to over 700 thousands that means that rationed to 10000 inhabitants increased 4 times.

-the number of teachers increased from 56 to 126 thousand and

-the number of researchers decreased from 40 to 20 thousand.

After 1990 Romania has lost:- its industry- its agriculture- 1.5 – 2 mil. of its labor force

Until 2000 the public perceptionthe Romanian education system is better that the western ones.

the academic net is good and of high quality

Starting 2007 the results of global ranking have started to be used intensively by media

intensive campaigns looking for rising the audience rate

Until 2000 the public perceptionthe Romanian education system is better that the western ones.

the academic net is good and of high quality

Starting 2007 the results of global ranking have started to be used intensively by media

intensive campaigns looking for rising the audience rate

Main subjectsNeither of the Romanian universities found themselves in top 500 at leastThe universities are only “diplomas factories”The graduates cannot find a job in their studied fieldThe Romanian pupils and students are among the last in global rankingsEtc.

Media campaigns: the ominous subject:the ominous subject:

newspapers, tabloids, radio, television, internet, blogs, social mediaFor a few days!

Media campaigns: the ominous subject:the ominous subject:newspapers, tabloids, radio, television, internet, blogs, social media

For a few days!

Reactions:

Academia received the campaign with moderationThe political environments were forced to and took advantage by this situation to reach the spotlight

The power accused the oppositionThe power accused the opposition…… The opposition accused the powerThe opposition accused the power……

Potrivit lui Andrei Marga criteriile Ministerului Educaţiei în clasificarea universităţilor nu sunt cele europene

Daniel Funeriu: Sa nu ne mai furam singuri căciula. Invățământul superior este intr-o camașă de forță

Rectorii …o susţin pe minisitrul Educaţiei, Ecaterina Andronescu, în demersul legat de intrarea în legalitate a Universităţii "Spiru Haret

Potrivit lui Andrei Marga criteriile Ministerului Educaţiei în clasificarea universităţilor nu sunt cele europene

Daniel Funeriu: Sa nu ne mai furam singuri căciula. Invățământul superior este intr-o camașă de forță

Traian Băsescu:Universitățile românești s-au transformat in

fabrici de scos diplome

Sistemul romanesc de educație este intr-o continua depreciere din 1990 încoace… tara noastră nu are nici o universitate in clasamentul primelor 500 … Romania nu are nici o universitate nici in primele 100 din Europa. "Ungaria are doua, Polonia trei"

Rectorii …o susţin pe minisitrul Educaţiei, Ecaterina Andronescu, în demersul legat de intrarea în legalitate a Universităţii "Spiru Haret

Effects:

Negative feelings into the public, opinions and appropriate reactions

Pressure on universities

Lost the confidence into the national universities

Consequences upon the new Education Low

etc…

Consequences onto the new Education Law

The Romanian evaluation system took over from international practice the indicator concerning the publication within ISI magazines or indexed databases, used by all global ranking systems

Effects:

For economics and business administration by ex., they will take into account

only published articles indexed in at least 3 databases listed as followed: ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, EBSCO, EconLit, REPEC, DOAJ, Cabells, JSTOR, Science Direct, SpringerLink, PorQuest.

An inventory of Romanian magazines within this field indicates that there are

only 3 of them which fulfil the criterium of „at least 3 of...” Consequences:

The promotions are blocked for a couple of years…!


The Romanian evaluation system took over from international practice the indicator concerning the publication within ISI magazines or indexed databases, used by all global ranking systems

Consequences:

The promotions are blocked for a couple of years…!

economic conferences fees

* until 2003 - 50 lei, the text and the presentation was in Romanian, printed proceedings, un-indexed in databases; * since 2005 - 150 lei or 50 Euros, it has become a custom to use the English language, and taxes reached; * since 2007-2008 - 150 Euros, and the usage of CDs and index of proceedings has started. * After new Education Law 450-550 EURO with proceedings indexed into 3 of the listed databases or ISI


The classification of universities:meaning a pre-ordered ranking of the universities and study

programs into three categories: •Universities centred on education, which can only organize

licence studies;•Universities of education and scientific research, or

universities of education and artistic creation; which can organize masters programs;

•Universities of advanced research and education, which can organize doctorate programs.

The programs’ ranking will be performed into 5 categories: A, B, C, D, E

The differences are essential concerning the access to funding from the national budget

The law uses the term „classification” for universities and „ranking” for study programs.

By grouping them into three categories, through the methodology used

we are actually in the face of an effective ranking,

where results are to be published under three classes

by including the units according to the points gained

At the beginning of May, a request was sent to the more than 80 universities in Romania, to upload data

60 fields settled by low, grouped into five major groups.

The evaluation purpose

1. classifying university 2. ranking the study programs

criteria: 1. teaching and learning, 2. scientific research, 3.the relationship between university and the external

environment, 4. institutional capacity.

Questionnaires used the rules of international ranking

http://chestionar.uefiscdi.ro/







Problems: Problems:

How to compare apple with pears!...How to compare apple with pears!...

Issues; solutions; results

The military higher education and the arts academies were ranked apart

12 universities were ranked as universities of advanced research and education, which can organize doctorate programs;

15 universities plus 5 military and 7 art universities were ranked as universities of education and scientific research, or universities of education and artistic creation; which can organize masters programs;

48 universities were ranked as universities centred on education, which can only organize licence studies; all private universities are in this category.


Offered by our President Professor dr. Jan Sadlak

Consequences:

The direct and effective effect refers to funding: as per master programs:

- the second class has received only 70% of the budgeted places comparing to the normal quota,

- the universities centred on education only 2380 places only on certain education’s domains.

- The 12 best universities have received the cut places.

A similar situation for doctor studies!

The effects

The official classificationEven if the Minister has several times public stated on mass media that it was not a ranking, not a listing of the place that an university has

in the list mass media,

politicians, public, student candidates and even academic staff keep saying ”our (or this) university is the ..th in the country”

September 3 rd. was published the classification of programs for that of 58 domains where every university organized teaching programs.

There will be no impact now on the academic market as the enrolments finished.

Mass media had a new “warm” subject for a couple of days.

Scenario:

•Universities centred on education, which can only organize licence studies;

•Universities of education and scientific research, or universities of education and artistic creation; which can organize masters programs;

•Universities of advanced research and education

Funding:

70%

80%

100%

ProgramLevel

A plus 20%

B plus 10%

C quota

D minus 10%

E minus 20%

Hiding the main problem: Under financing! Lack of resources!

The Romanian educational system, based, like other systems, on budget financing, did not surpass 3.5% of GDP during the last 20 years.

As a result of IMF accords, Romania must reduce its budget deficit from 7% to roughly 3. 5 %, this means the halving of all budget resources

In the middle of August, the Romanian government has decided that „the application of the rules of the new law of education which refers to ensuring a financing of the educational system of a minimum 6% of GDP and of at least 1% of GDP for research which was postponed by two years, until 2014”. Until this decision, the accent has fallen on the reformation of the academic system.

After that, silence. For now! Except the reform of public funding system for academia!

The hiding problem: (The perverse effects)

Thank you!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLBY4qUqOxg

Documents

Ranking Influence on Romanian Universit ies Ilie ROTARIU Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu