Rain Water Harvesting and Geostatistical Modelling of Ground Water in and around ISM Campus Dhanbad,

JharkhandM.Tech Mineral Exploration Dissertation

Presented by:

Dhirendra Pratap Singh M.Tech (Mineral Exploration) Department of Applied geology Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad

Guide:

Prof. B.C.Sarkar Professor Department of Applied Geology Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad Co-Guide:

Dr S.C.Dhiman Former Chairman Central Ground Water Board

Presentation Highlights

• Artificial Recharge and Rain Water Harvesting in ISM Campus.

• Geology of I.S.M. Campus.• Hydrogeological Studies.• Geophysical Studies.• Geostatistical Modelling Studies.• Ground water quality;• Groundwater Resource Estimation and Management.• Concluding Remarks.

Fig 2 Location map of ISM campus with recharge bore wells

2006 2009

2014

Artificial Recharge Technique in I.S.M.

• Roof Top Harvesting- In this Technique the top of the roof of the buildings in I.S.M. are used as the catchment area of rain water for harvesting using artificial recharge techniques.

Need for Augmentation and Management of Ground Water Resources within I.S.M.

• Steep increase of human population in the campus.• High water demand expected due to increase in developmental works and expansion

program. • Conservation and management of available resource to meet the growing needs.

Supply Status of Water in I.S.M. Campus:

Sr.No. Tube Well No. Location

Discharge/Hr. (Litre) Pumping Hrs

Total Discharge/ Day

Units Cosumed/Day

1 Dug Well No. 1 Near Ruby hostel 15000 10 150000 55.95

2 Dug Well No. 2 Workshop Campus 12000 10 120000 55.95

3 Dug Well No. 3 Near Petroleum Building 12000 10 120000 111.90

4 Dug Well No. 4 Staff Colony 8000 10 80000 55.95

5 Dug Well No. 5 Near UGC Colony 20000 10 200000 111.90

6 Dug Well No. 6 Near CME Building 20000 10 200000 111.90

7 Dug Well No. 7 Near GJLT Hall 8000 3 24000 11.198 Deep Bore Well-9 Staff Colony 12000 9 108000 50.36

9 Deep Bore Well-10 Bamboo Garden 20000 12 240000 134.28

10 Deep Bore Well-11 Beside Seismology Observatory 20000 14 280000 78.33

11 Deep Bore Well-12 Jasper Hostel 8000 10 80000 37.30

12 Deep Bore Well-13 In Front Of Old EDC 8000 10 80000 37.30

13 Deep Bore Well-14 SBI ISM Campus Branch 8000 12 96000 44.76

14 Deep Bore Well-15 Beside 150 Qrts GR Side 8000 12 96000 44.76

15 Deep Bore Well-16 EDC Extension Building 8000 10 80000 37.30

        Total 1954000 979.13

  Total Consumption / Month 1954000x30 = 58620000 29373.90

Geology and General Succession of the Area:

Campus geology is a part of Chotanagpur Gneissic Complex and is characterized by a diverse assemblage of igneous and metamorphic rocks.

• Soils and recent sediments.• Dolerite (Intrusions).• Pegmatite, and leucogranite (intrusions). • Megacrystic porphyritic granite (intrusions).• Quartzo-feldspathic gneisses with mafic enclaves.

(Basement) equivalent to Chotanagpur Gneissic complex.

I.S.M. contour line showing the R.L.

Line showing the Ridge

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

f(x) = − 8.36 x + 331.442857142857R² = 0.0839011095260158

RAINFALL MONTHLY(mm) AND ITS TREND

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul

R=0.289

Decreasing Trend of Rainfall

• Total Rainfall in 2001 was 1516.20mm• Total Rainfall in 2014 was 984.80mm

• If we Predict with linear Model what will be the situation ?????

453.40mm Its alarming 2028

Recharge Pit

Statistical Analysis of

groundwater data

Saphire Hoste

l

Saphire Hoste

l

Saphire Hoste

l

Saphire Hoste

l

Saphire Hoste

l

Topaz Hoste

l

Topaz Hoste

l

Student Acti

vity C

entre

Student Acti

vity C

entre

Student Acti

vity C

entre

Amber Hoste

l

Amber Hoste

l

Amber Hoste

l

Amber Hoste

l

Back Side of E

merald Hostel p

it

Back Side of E

merald Hostel p

it

Front Side of E

merald Hostel p

it

Front Side of E

merald Hostel p

it

Jasper H

ostel

Jasper H

ostel

Jasper H

ostel

Heritage Build

ing

Diamond Hoste

l

Opal Hoste

l

Opal Hoste

l

Opal Hoste

l

Opal Hoste

l

Old Library

Petroleum

Shanti Bhawan

Hawa Mahal

Hawa Mahal

Work sh

op & M

ME

Staff Colony Typ

e II,

Staff Colony Typ

e II,

Lower ground

Lecture hall c

omplex II

Lecture hall c

omplex II

Health Centre

(old)

Teachers

colony

Teachers

colony

SBI Bank I

SM

SBI Bank I

SM 0.002.004.006.008.00

10.00

Fluctuation 2014

Location

Fluc

tuat

ion

in m

Saphire Hoste

l pit 1

Saphire Hoste

l pit 2

Saphire Hoste

l pit 3

Saphire Hoste

l pit 4

Saphire Hoste

l pit 5

Saphire Hoste

l pit 6

Topaz Hoste

l pit 1

Topaz Hoste

l pit 2

Student Acti

vity C

entre pit 1

Student Acti

vity C

entre pit 2

Student Acti

vity C

entre pit 3

Amber Hoste

l pit 1

Amber Hoste

l pit 2

Amber Hoste

l pit 3

Amber Hoste

l pit 4

Back Side of E

merald Hostel p

it 1

Back Side of E

merald Hostel p

it 2

Front Side of E

merald Hostel p

it 1

Front Side of E

merald Hostel p

it 2

Jasper H

ostel p

it 1

Jasper H

ostel p

it 2

Jasper H

ostel p

it 3

Heritage Build

ing

Diamond Hoste

l

Opal Hoste

l pit 1

Opal Hoste

l pit 2

Opal Hoste

l pit 3

Opal Hoste

l pit 4

Old Library

Petroleum

Shanti Bhawan

Hawa Mahal p

it 1

Hawa Mahal p

it 2

Work sh

op & M

ME

Staff Colony Typ

e II pit 1

Staff Colony Typ

e II pit 2

Lower ground

Lecture hall c

omplex II p

it 1

Lecture hall c

omplex II p

it 2

Health Centre

(old)

Teachers

colony p

it 1

Teachers

colony p

it 2

SBI Bank I

SM pit 1

SBI Bank I

SM pit 2215.00

225.00

235.00

245.00

Groundwater Table in Pre and Post- monsoon 2014

Pre-monsoon 2014 Post-monsoon 2014

Location

Gro

und

wat

er ta

ble

Leve

l

Experimental semivariogram with fitted model for Pre-Monsoon periodγ(h)= 3.0+23[(1.5xh/875)-1.5(h/875)3]

Experimental semivariogram with fitted model for Post-Monsoon periodγ(h)= 3.8+10[(1.5xh/600)-1.5(h/600)3]

0 500 1000 15000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Experimental semi-variogram Model

Lag (h)

C0

C0+C

(h)

(h)= 3.0+23[(1.5xh/875)-1.5(h/875)3]

0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000

10

20

Experimental semi-variogram Model(h)

LAG (h)

C0+C

(h)= 3.8+10[(1.5xh/600)-1.5(h/600)3]C0

Experimental semivariogram with fitted model for Fluctuationγ(h)= 0.70+1.40[(1.5xh/800)-1.5(h/800)3]

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 20000

1

2

3

4

5

6

Model Experimental semo-variogram

C0+C

Lag (h)

(h)

(h)= 0.7+1.40[(1.5xh/800)-1.5(h/800)3]C0

Pre-Monsoon GW level

Kriged SD Kriged Estimate

Post-Monsoon GW level

Kriged SD Kriged Estimate

Fluctuation GW level

Kriged SD Kriged Estimate

Regression line of pre-monsoon

220 225 230 235 240 245 250220

225

230

235

240

245

250

f(x) = 0.762461139791162 x + 57.165765326971R² = 0.878748068792112

Kriged Estimate Premonsoon

Measured

KE

230 232 234 236 238 240 242 244 246 248 250232

234

236

238

240

242

244

246f(x) = 0.610709616893884 x + 94.2877023579466R² = 0.76032269741615

Kriged Estimate Postmonsoon

Measured

KE

Regression line of post-monsoon

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

1

2

3

4

5

6f(x) = 0.604853786445403 x + 0.770649597730026R² = 0.775726042745639

Kriged Estimate of Fluctuation

Measured

KE

Regression line of fluctuation

For Pre-monsoon

‘t’calc on ‘r’ = = 18.40

‘t’table (α=0.05, ν=n-2, q=1-α) = 1.68

(i) If tcalc ≤ ttable : H0 is accepted and r is insignificant

(ii) If tcalc ≥ ttable : H1 is accepted and r is significant

For Post Monsoon

‘t’calc on ‘r’ = = 12.80

‘t’table (α=0.05, ν=n-2, q=1-α) = 1.67

(i) If tcalc ≤ ttable : H0 is accepted and r is insignificant

(ii) If tcalc ≥ ttable : H1 is accepted and r is significant

For Fluctuation ‘t’calc on ‘r’ = = 11.90

‘t’table (α=0.05, ν=n-2, q=1-α) = 1.68

(i) If tcalc ≤ ttable : H0 is accepted and r is insignificant

(ii) If tcalc ≥ ttable : H1 is accepted and r is significant

Monsoon recharge can be expressed as -

R = (h x Sy x A) + DG

Where, h = rise in water level in the monsoon season, A = area for computation of recharge, Sy = specific yield, DG = gross groundwater draft

The monsoon groundwater recharge has two components – rainfall recharge

and recharge from other sources. Mathematically it can be represented as –

R (Normal) = Rrf (normal) + Rc + Rsw + Rt + Rgw + Rwc

Rrf is the normal monsoon rainfall recharge.

The other sources of groundwater recharge during monsoon season include Rc, Rsw, Rt,

Rgw, Rwc which are recharge from rainfall, seepage from canals, surface water irrigation,

tanks and ponds, groundwater irrigation, water conservation structures respectively

Groundwater quality of ISM

Sr.no. Place/ Block Structure pH EC TDS TH CO3 HCO3 Ca Mg Na K Cl NO3 SO4 F PO4 SiO2

1 Ruby Hostel Annexe, ISM Recharge Well 8.04 728 473 195 ND 240 36 26 72 6 67 41 71 0.86 BDL 13

2 Shanti Bhawan, ISM Recharge Well 8.16 698 454 215 ND 252 30 34 44 3 39 16 72 0.92 BDL 12

3 Type II Qtrs, ISM Recharge Well 7.93 629 409 205 ND 215 32 30 41 4 89 7 39 0.57 BDL 15

4 Amber Hostel, ISM Recharge Well 7.83 720 468 220 ND 326 20 41 55 2 35 3 56 0.00 BDL 15

5Sapphire Hostel, ISM Recharge Well

7.90 492 320 210 ND 148 32 19 22 8 14 29 71 1.06 BDL 2

6 Student activity centra, ISM Recharge Well

8.02 660 429 210 ND 271 28 34 38 4 53 3 38 0.00 BDL 10

7 Central Workshop, ISM Dug Well 8.11 520 338 160 ND 209 28 22 34 4 35 5 33 0.97 BDL 12

8 Environment Marg, ISM Dug Well 8.10 202 131 80 ND 92 18 9 13 2 14 0 9 0.46 BDL 1

9 Staff Colony, ISM Dug Well 7.96 218 142 85 ND 105 18 10 14 2 18 0 8 0.00 BDL 0

10 CGWB, EW, ISM Bore Well 7.66 886 576 200 ND 308 38 45 59 6 18 18 85 0.00 BDL 10

11 Near Petroleum Engineering, ISM Dug Well

7.91 904 588 235 ND 344 34 36 58 2 36 8 66 0.00 BDL 14

12 Thakurkuli, Dahiya Dug Well 7.88 1102 716 415 ND 277 44 74 54 2 89 39 107 0.62 BDL 17

13 Main Road, Saraidhela Handpump 7.93 1206 784 445 ND 185 176 1 59 3 163 43 111 0.83 BDL 16

14Jagjeevan Nagar, Dhanbad Bore Well

7.87 819 532 285 ND 178 34 49 33 9 121 12 78 0.16 BDL 12

15 Bank More, Dhanbad Dug Well 7.95 289 188 90 ND 117 18 11 27 1 21 9 19 1.19 BDL 4    Min 7.66 202 131 80 ND 92 18.00 1.21 13.31 1 14.18 0.00 8.09 0.00 BDL 0    Max 8.10 1206 784 445 ND 344 176.00 74.11 59.19 9 163.07 43.29 110.55 1.19 BDL 17    Std Dev 0.12 407 264 145 ND 98 52.90 25.66 20.01 3 57.09 16.48 42.66 0.45 BDL 10    Avrage 7.91 703 457 229 ND 201 47.50 29.35 39.75 3 59.93 16.14 60.33 0.41 BDL 10.00

  ND = Not Detected BDL = Below

Detection Limit                             

The study estimated that about 83% of total volume of groundwater available is consumed and thereby maintaining a balance of about 17%. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Concluding RemarksThe study revealed a mean rise of 2.29m in the groundwater during the year 2014.

This figure of groundwater resource balance is expected to improve over the years with continued monitoring study of the fluctuating trend of the groundwater levels with rain water harvesting implemented and last but not the least, an effective groundwater management.

Total replenishable volume of water recharge = (Area x fluctuation x 0.03) + Total draft during the period

Here, 0.03 is the specific yield considered for hard rock as per GEC, 1997

So, The volume of water recharged is 144270 m3 x 1000 = 144,270,000 liters

Consumption from ground water for the study period is 19,54,000 x 7 x 30 = 410,340,000.00 liters

Total Resource:- 410,340,000 + 144,270,000 = 554,610,000 liters

Groundwater Resource Estimation and Management

Thank you