Radio frequency identification Radio frequency identification (RFID)(RFID) Opportunities for mobile Opportunities for mobile telecommunication servicestelecommunication services ____________________________

Outline

1. What is RFID?How RFID works, Current Applications, Booming Markets, Constraints

2. RFID and standardizationKey players, Need for standardization,Suggestions for ITU-T’s SGs

3. RFID and mobile telecommunication Definition, Application Scenarios,

Near Field Communications

4. Conclusion

What is RFID?How RFID works (1)

• Main components: tags, antenna, readers• Tags:

– Size (Hitachi’s "µ-chip": 0.4mm x 0.4mm)– Price (aim: RsRs.5 - tag)– active <-> passive (difference in range)

• Readers: – stationary <-> mobile

• What to do with the data? Middleware

What is RFID?How RFID works (2)

What is RFID?Examples of Current Applications (1)

o Transport and logistics:toll management, tracking of goods Security and access controltracking people (students etc.), control access to restricted areas

o Supply chain management: item tagging, theft-prevention

o Medical and pharmaceutical applications: identification and location of staff and patients, asset tracking, counterfeit protection for drugs

What is RFID?Examples of Current Applications (2)

o Manufacturing and processing: streamlining assembly line processes

o Agriculture: tracking of animals, quality control

o Public sector: passports, driver’s licenses, counterfeit protection for bank notes, library systems

What is RFID?Booming markets

oAnalysts: tremendous market-growth

oProblem: estimates vs. guesstimates (remarkable differences in market volume, growth rates)

oFrost & Sullivan: 11.7 billion USD (2010)Research and Markets: 3.8 billion USD (2011) IDTechEx: 26.90 billion USD (2015)

What is RFID?Constraints (1)

oPricing: ( Rs.5 - tag)

oStandards landscape

oSecurity and privacy issues:consumers, policy makers, researchers

What is RFID?Constraints (2)

RFID and standardizationSome key players

oUN specialized agencies ICAO, ITU, UPU

oGlobal and regional standards developing organizations (SDOs)ISO, ETSI

oPrivate forums: EPCglobal

oState driven initiativesTrai, Tec etc

RFID and standardization Need for standardization

oStandardization needed:

•Air Interface, Protocols

•Data Stuctures

•Conformance

•Applications

oExisting RFID standards lack:

•Harmonization

•Global acceptance

•Cross-sector perspective

•Interoperability

RFID and standardization

o Mobile RFID technologies (detailed in this presentation)

o Privacy/Security issues

o Impact of RFID on networks

o Internetworking Technologies

o RFID-Ipv6 mapping issues

RFID and mobile telecommunication Definition

oServices that provide information on objects equipped with an RFID tag over a telecommunication network

oNew idea:

•Tags: stationary

•Readers: in mobile phone -> mobile

oApplications possible where the mobile phone is equipped with tag AND reader

RFID and mobile telecommunication Application scenarioso Information retrieval

o Data transmission

o Automated messaging

o Voice services

o Device integration

o Presence indication

o Mobile payment

RFID and mobile telecommunication Near Field Communication

oShort-range communication protocol (ISO/IEC standard)

oNear Field Communication (NFC) Forum: driven by Nokia, Philips and Sony

oNFC-enabled phones available

Conclusion

oMobile phones + RFID = great potential

oField trials: only recently -> search for "Killer application"

oStandardization: "All star approach"

oImportant topics include:

•Privacy/Security issues

•Impact of RFID on networks

•Internetworking Technologies

•RFID-Ipv6 mapping issues

• All facts and figures – courtesy - ITU

RFID – Revolution or Evolution ?

• Technology relying on RF transponders to automatically retrieve data

remotely using RF signals

• Active RFID elements use their own power source to send data

• Passive RFID elements use power from readers to activate

• Presently four main frequency bands used in RFID systems

• Low Frequency band: 125/134 KHz

• High Frequecy band: 13.56 MHz

• Ultra High Frequency band: 800-900 MHz

• Microwave band: 2.4-5.8 GHz

• RFID typically imbedded in miniscule ASICs attached to objects to be tracked

• RF readers detect the signals to be processed and networked