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MOVE TO RADICALISM
National Convention abolishes monarchy and forms First French Republic
French citizens began forming clubs with different opinions and goals
The radical club called Jacobins called for the execution of the king Later called for execution of all those associated with the king
Louis XVI was executed by guillotine on charge of treasonExecution created new enemies at home and abroad
MOVE TO RADICALISM
Execution of Louis XVI began shift to radicalism
Commune: local Paris gov’t led by Georges Danton
Demanded radical change
Britain, Portugal, Spain, and the Dutch joined Austria and Prussia and declared war on France to put an end to the revolution
National Convention gave power to the Committee of Public Safety (CPS) led by Maximilien Robespierre to meet this crisis
REIGN OF TERROR
Robespierre and the CPS adopted policies to protect France from domestic threatsPolicies became known as the Reign of Terror
Revolutionary courts were set up to prosecute counter-revolutionaries and traitors40,000 killed; 16,000 by guillotineRobespierre assured citizens bloodshed was temporary
Revolutionary armies created to enforce CPS policy
Robespierre wanted to create a Republic of Virtue made up of “good citizens”
REIGN OF TERROR
Women took a more active role in government
Nat’l Convention pursued “de-Christianization”
First French Repub. forms largest army in Euro. history to defend itself from invaders
Robespierre obsessed with cleansing France
Sentenced to death by colleagues
REACTION AND THE DIRECTORYModerate leaders took control after Robespierre’s death
Ended Reign of Terror
Slashed CPS’s power
Reopened churches
Drafted another new constitution
Constitution of 1795
Only people with large amounts of land/wealth could vote
Set up a council of 5 leaders called the Directory
Corrupt, greedy
The Directory relied on the military to keep power
General Napoleon Bonaparte overthrow the Directory in a coup d'état; seized power