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Latin America Revolution & Reaction Into the 21 st Century

Latin America Revolution & Reaction

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Latin America Revolution & Reaction. Into the 21 st Century. Essential Questions. How did the Cold War and superpower alignment impact Latin America? Who were the right wing reactionaries? Who were the left wing revolutionaries ?. Third World PRI Zapatistas N.A.F.T.A. O.A.S. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Latin AmericaRevolution & Reaction

Into the 21st Century

Page 2: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Essential Questions How did the Cold War and

superpower alignment impact Latin America?

Who were the right wing reactionaries?

Who were the left wing revolutionaries?

Page 3: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Concepts & Terms & People Third World PRI Zapatistas N.A.F.T.A. O.A.S. United Fruit

Company “Cry of the

Excluded” Liberation theology Machismo

Juan Jose Arevalo Fulgencio Batista Fidel Castro Ernesto “Che”

Guevara Domitilia Barrios

de Chungara Rigobert Menchu Salvador Allende Pinochet

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Concepts & Terms & People Sandinista Party Banana republics Human Rights Good Neighbor Policy Alliance for Progress Coup de tat Junta Populism “Spiritual Socialism”

Augusto Sandino

Juan Peron Eva Peron Manuel

Noriega Hugo Chavez

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Page 6: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Military Junta Rule

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Single Party Rule

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Democracy

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Latin America in the Middle ECONOMIC STATUS Neither 1st World nor 3rd World Seeking 2nd World status? Continuing economic dependency COLD WAR

Populism support for right wing Marxist movements

Support for left wing

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Mexico [1940s-1990s] POLITICAL/ECONOMIC

INSTITUTIONS: Party of the Institutionalized

Revolution PRI Zapatistas N.A.F.T.A. National Action Party [2000]

Vincente Fox

Page 11: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Failure of Democracy RADICAL OPTIONS: Argentina

Juan Peron Brazil

Vargas JUNTAS WERE REPRESSIVE

U.S. tended to support right wing reactionaries

Except in Argentina where the party was anti-American

Page 12: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Guatemala [Model for land reform] Juan Jose Arevalo Promoted the “spiritual socialism” Land reform and social justice

agenda UNITED FRUIT COMPANY

Example Dollar Diplomacy Opposed and U.S. intervened

Marines to the rescue again! Whose rescue?

Page 13: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Pablo Neruda

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Cuba Fulgencio Batista Fidel Castro Che Guevara

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Revolution & Church Liberation Theology

1970s Used the Church & Marxist

ideologies Promote social equity for the

poor.

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Page 19: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Gender Equity Domitilia Barrios de Chungara

Bolivia Describes a woman’s role in

contribution to function and survival of the family. Is she a feminist?

Latin American women have to deal with the long tradition of Machismo.

Page 20: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Gender Equity Rigberta Menchu`

Guatemala Ladino activist Recognizes exploitation AND a divisive force that

separates ladinos from the Indians

To what end?

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Salvador Allende Marxist leader [democratically

elected] Chilean [influenced by Castro’s success]

Promoted a more equitable distribution of wealth

Overthrown by military junta supported by CIA

Successor Pinochet 1974-1990 Arrested in 1998 for “crimes against

humanity” Killed 80K incarcerated 200k

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Allende Pinochet

Page 25: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Others Nicaragua Sandinista Party Trend toward

electoral democracy

Opposed by the U.S. & Contra rebels

“Arms for Hostages”

Iran/Contra Affair

Panama Manuel Noriega Arrested by G.H.

Bush ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Leftists elected

with little change Lula de Silva

Brazil Hugo Chavez

Venezuela

Page 26: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Human Rights Violations Common from the 1960s Repressive governments used

incarceration, torture, and murder. Opposition were targeted ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~ Different regions interpret the

definition differently I.E. 1st World & 3rd World

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Sandinista vs. Contra1981-1990

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U.S. Interventions Opposition to rightwing repressive

govts. Considered by the U.S. as Marxist Regarded by the poor as heroes

U.S. supported right wing conservative dictators and not those democratically elected

U.S. seeking stability to protect economic interests Dollar Diplomacy.

Page 32: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

U.S. Involvement [1900-1940] BANANA REPUBLICS Plantation economies for export to U.S. Where do you think you get your

bananas? [UNITED FRUIT COMPANY]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~ W.W.1 and Zimmerman Note alerts U.S.

to importance of good relations: F.D.R.’s> Good Neighbor Policy

Page 33: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

U.S. Involvement [1960-1980] J.F.K.> Alliance for Progress Attempted to bolster L.A.

economies Jimmy Carter>bolster govts.

that supported civil rights Treaty returned Panama Canal

to Panama

Page 34: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

U.S. Relations [1980-1990] Reagan & G.H. Bush

[conservatives] RETURN TO INTERVENTIONIST

POLICIES Anti-communist policies Reagan

Invaded Grenada Bush

Invaded Panama – arrested Noriega

Page 35: Latin America Revolution & Reaction
Page 36: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Changes Exploitation of Indians

Slow to change Women suffrage – 1929 to 1950s Women’s rights upheld in Cuba 1990s women’s rights mirror 1st

World West Population growth by 1985 – 400 M Slow economic growth fuels

migration to U.S. 750 K annually into U.S.

Page 37: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Cultural & Economic Challenges High population numbers High urbanization Little social welfare Shift in wealth based on location Rise in art and literature Division of wealth is still the

single greatest problem facing Latin America

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Page 39: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Caracas

Rio

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Page 41: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Medellin

O.A.S.

Page 42: Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Enduring Questions Explain Latin American

economic and political circumstances in modern times as continuities.

In what ways has U.S. intervention influenced their circumstances?