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Latin America Revolution & Reaction. Into the 21 st Century. Essential Questions. How did the Cold War and superpower alignment impact Latin America? Who were the right wing reactionaries? Who were the left wing revolutionaries ?. Third World PRI Zapatistas N.A.F.T.A. O.A.S. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Latin AmericaRevolution & Reaction
Into the 21st Century
Essential Questions How did the Cold War and
superpower alignment impact Latin America?
Who were the right wing reactionaries?
Who were the left wing revolutionaries?
Concepts & Terms & People Third World PRI Zapatistas N.A.F.T.A. O.A.S. United Fruit
Company “Cry of the
Excluded” Liberation theology Machismo
Juan Jose Arevalo Fulgencio Batista Fidel Castro Ernesto “Che”
Guevara Domitilia Barrios
de Chungara Rigobert Menchu Salvador Allende Pinochet
Concepts & Terms & People Sandinista Party Banana republics Human Rights Good Neighbor Policy Alliance for Progress Coup de tat Junta Populism “Spiritual Socialism”
Augusto Sandino
Juan Peron Eva Peron Manuel
Noriega Hugo Chavez
Military Junta Rule
Single Party Rule
Democracy
Latin America in the Middle ECONOMIC STATUS Neither 1st World nor 3rd World Seeking 2nd World status? Continuing economic dependency COLD WAR
Populism support for right wing Marxist movements
Support for left wing
Mexico [1940s-1990s] POLITICAL/ECONOMIC
INSTITUTIONS: Party of the Institutionalized
Revolution PRI Zapatistas N.A.F.T.A. National Action Party [2000]
Vincente Fox
Failure of Democracy RADICAL OPTIONS: Argentina
Juan Peron Brazil
Vargas JUNTAS WERE REPRESSIVE
U.S. tended to support right wing reactionaries
Except in Argentina where the party was anti-American
Guatemala [Model for land reform] Juan Jose Arevalo Promoted the “spiritual socialism” Land reform and social justice
agenda UNITED FRUIT COMPANY
Example Dollar Diplomacy Opposed and U.S. intervened
Marines to the rescue again! Whose rescue?
Pablo Neruda
Cuba Fulgencio Batista Fidel Castro Che Guevara
Revolution & Church Liberation Theology
1970s Used the Church & Marxist
ideologies Promote social equity for the
poor.
Gender Equity Domitilia Barrios de Chungara
Bolivia Describes a woman’s role in
contribution to function and survival of the family. Is she a feminist?
Latin American women have to deal with the long tradition of Machismo.
Gender Equity Rigberta Menchu`
Guatemala Ladino activist Recognizes exploitation AND a divisive force that
separates ladinos from the Indians
To what end?
Salvador Allende Marxist leader [democratically
elected] Chilean [influenced by Castro’s success]
Promoted a more equitable distribution of wealth
Overthrown by military junta supported by CIA
Successor Pinochet 1974-1990 Arrested in 1998 for “crimes against
humanity” Killed 80K incarcerated 200k
Allende Pinochet
Others Nicaragua Sandinista Party Trend toward
electoral democracy
Opposed by the U.S. & Contra rebels
“Arms for Hostages”
Iran/Contra Affair
Panama Manuel Noriega Arrested by G.H.
Bush ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Leftists elected
with little change Lula de Silva
Brazil Hugo Chavez
Venezuela
Human Rights Violations Common from the 1960s Repressive governments used
incarceration, torture, and murder. Opposition were targeted ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~ Different regions interpret the
definition differently I.E. 1st World & 3rd World
Sandinista vs. Contra1981-1990
U.S. Interventions Opposition to rightwing repressive
govts. Considered by the U.S. as Marxist Regarded by the poor as heroes
U.S. supported right wing conservative dictators and not those democratically elected
U.S. seeking stability to protect economic interests Dollar Diplomacy.
U.S. Involvement [1900-1940] BANANA REPUBLICS Plantation economies for export to U.S. Where do you think you get your
bananas? [UNITED FRUIT COMPANY]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~ W.W.1 and Zimmerman Note alerts U.S.
to importance of good relations: F.D.R.’s> Good Neighbor Policy
U.S. Involvement [1960-1980] J.F.K.> Alliance for Progress Attempted to bolster L.A.
economies Jimmy Carter>bolster govts.
that supported civil rights Treaty returned Panama Canal
to Panama
U.S. Relations [1980-1990] Reagan & G.H. Bush
[conservatives] RETURN TO INTERVENTIONIST
POLICIES Anti-communist policies Reagan
Invaded Grenada Bush
Invaded Panama – arrested Noriega
Changes Exploitation of Indians
Slow to change Women suffrage – 1929 to 1950s Women’s rights upheld in Cuba 1990s women’s rights mirror 1st
World West Population growth by 1985 – 400 M Slow economic growth fuels
migration to U.S. 750 K annually into U.S.
Cultural & Economic Challenges High population numbers High urbanization Little social welfare Shift in wealth based on location Rise in art and literature Division of wealth is still the
single greatest problem facing Latin America
Caracas
Rio
Medellin
O.A.S.
Enduring Questions Explain Latin American
economic and political circumstances in modern times as continuities.
In what ways has U.S. intervention influenced their circumstances?