Radiation Ransformation and Energy Balance

8/13/2019 Radiation Ransformation and Energy Balance

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Radiation Transformation and

Energy Balance

NUR IZZATI ISHAK

SES100227


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Outline

Radiation transformation

Energy balance

Current Review: Climate Sensitivity


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Radiation Transformation


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Solar Energy


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Earth absorb solar radiation

Used the energy to warm the atmosphere,

evaporate water, warm the Earths surface

Earth's atmosphere receive the shortwave

radiation of:

-UV(7%)-Visible(43%)

-IR(50%)


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Forms of thermal energy transfer in the

climate system:

a) Conduction

b) Advection/convection

c) Radiation


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Insolation

Amount of solar radiation reaches earths

surface which varies due:

a) Earths atmosphere

b)Changes in orientation between Earth and Sun


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EM radiation interact with matter by one of

these process namely:

a)Scattering

b)Reflection

c)Absorption


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Scattering


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Reflection


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absorption


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Energy Balance


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Energy Balance

Fist Law of Thermodynamics:

Energy cant be destroyed nor created. Total

energy is conserved


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Climate sensitivity

equilibrium change in global surface

temperature that occurs in response to a

climate forcing(externally imposed

perturbation of the planetary energy balance)

Have different definition based on the climate

feedback.


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Current Study:

Climate sensitivity in the

Anthropocene


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Energy Balance:

In response to a positive radiative forcing

such as characterizes the present-day

anthropogenic perturbation the planet must

increase its net energy loss to space in orderto re-establish energy balance .


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Climate feedback:

Earthsystem response to a climate

forcing that either reinforce or counteracts theforcing

three main types of climate sensitivity:


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fast feedback sensitivity


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external forcing depends solely on fast climate

feedbacks due to changes in water vapor, clouds,

and sea ice.

anthropogenic perturbations of atmosphericcomposition due to fossil fuel burning, volcanic

eruptions, variations in solar luminosity, orbit.

The fast feedback sensitivity to a doubling ofatmospheric CO2 has been estimated to be about

3C.


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Ice Sheet/Vegetation Albedo

Feedbacks


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If surface albedo changes from land ice and

vegetation are regarded as a feedback, the

climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO2

increases to about 46C.

Assuming that this increased energy loss is

proportional to the surface temperature

change delta T:


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ClimateGreenhouse Gas Feedback


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If changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas

(GHG) concentrations resulting from climate-

related changes in terrestrial and ocean

carbon sequestration are also regarded as afeedback, the 2CO2 climate sensitivity is

higher still (>46C)


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Human Behavior Feedbacks


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In the most comprehensive type of climatesensitivity, changes in human activity (e.g.changes in fossil fuel burning, land use and

land/ocean ecosystem )in response to ongoingclimate change are regarded as a feedback

human behavior changes can be either aforcing or a feedback, since they can initiate

Earth system change and also be a response tothat change

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Radiation Ransformation and Energy Balance