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Research Project INTEGRATED SYSTEMS FOR HYDROGEOLOGICAL RISK MONITORING, EARLY
WARNING AND MITIGATION ALONG THE MAIN LIFELINES
RADAR SYSTEMS FOR LANDSLIDES EARLY WARNINGRADAR SYSTEMS FOR LANDSLIDES EARLY WARNING
i SG. Di Massa, S. Costanzo, F. Spadafora, A Raffo, A. Costanzo, L. Morrone, A. Borgia,
UNIVERSITÁ DELLA CALABRIAUNIVERSITÁ DELLA CALABRIA
RADARS for remote sensing of the environments
Applications:
a) Range detection;a) Range detection;b) Velocity determination;c) Measurements of soil moisture and soil composition;d) De‐embedding of object to observe;d) De‐embedding of object to observe;e) Tomography of one or more (de‐embedded) object.
UNIVERSITÁ DELLA CALABRIAUNIVERSITÁ DELLA CALABRIA
RADARS for remote sensing of the environments
Techniques:
a) Pulse Radar;a) Pulse Radar;b) Continuous wave Radar;c) Synthetic Aperture Radar, eventually ground based;d) Sparse Antenna Array Design for Radar Sensorsd) Sparse Antenna Array Design for Radar Sensors.
UNIVERSITÁ DELLA CALABRIAUNIVERSITÁ DELLA CALABRIA
RADARS for remote sensing of the environments
T h l iTechnologies:
Low cost technologies like SDR (Software Defined Radar)
Integrations of knowledge in Radar techniques, electronic, microwave and model.
Integration of several techniques like GNSS, radiometers, etc.
UNIVERSITÁ DELLA CALABRIAUNIVERSITÁ DELLA CALABRIA
RADARS for remote sensing of the environments
P tParameters
Frequency ‐> we see some objects when the wavelength is of the same order Polarization > we can discriminate the orientation of objectsPolarization ‐> we can discriminate the orientation of objectsPixel ‐> the minimum area that we can see (depend essentially from antennas)
L‐band Software Defined Radar f fWE TALK ABOUT
Context;• PON 01503 Landslides Early WarningPON 01503 Landslides Early Warning
Introduction to the technology f f d d• Software Defined Radar System;
• NI USRP 2920
L band Software Defined RadarL‐band Software Defined Radar• Hardware Description• Signal processing technique• Signal processing technique• Test and Results
L‐band Software Defined Radar Context
• PON 01503 Landslides Early WarningPON 01503 Landslides Early Warning
The L band Software Defined Radar is a sensor areal developedin the framework of the PON 01 01503 NATIONAL ITALIAN_PROJECT “LANDSLIDES EARLY WARNING”, FINANCED BY THEITALIAN MINISTRY OF UNIVERSITY AND RESEARCH
Goal of the projectimprove the research activities on the Landslides monitoring over the Italian highways
L‐band Software Defined Radar Context
Initial objectives in radar development
• Ensure the possibility to go over vegetation layer on the mountain
E h i i h l i• Ensure the innovation technologies
• Hardware Low costHardware Low cost
L‐band Software Defined Radar Context
• Ensure the possibility to go over vegetation layer on the mountain
Choose of the L‐ band operating frequencies at 1 8GHzoperating frequencies at 1,8GHz
L f i hi h t tiLow frequencies high penetration
L‐band Software Defined Radar Introduction to the technology
• Ensure the Innovation technologiesEnsure the Innovation technologies
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADAR SYSTEM
The Software Defined Radar (SDRadar) system is a special type of versatile radar in which operations and components, typically realized by specific hardware (i.e., mixers, filters, modulators and demodulators), are implemented in terms of software modules f , ), p f f
T. Debatty, “Software Defined RADAR a state of the art”,
L‐band Software Defined Radar Introduction to the technology
• Ensure the Innovation technologiesEnsure the Innovation technologies
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADAR SYSTEM
the main idea is the directly digitalization of the incoming radar signal and the totally execution of the signal processing operations via software in a general purpose
computercomputer.
Ideal Block diagram
L‐band Software Defined Radar Introduction to the technology
• Ensure the Innovation technologiesEnsure the Innovation technologies
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADAR SYSTEM
Main Advantages• Versatile systemVersatile system • Possibility to create Multipurpose Radar only changing the software H d• Hardware reuse
• Very Low cost system
L‐band Software Defined Radar Introduction to the technology
• Ensure the Innovation technologiesEnsure the Innovation technologies
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADAR SYSTEM
The Platform NI USRP 2920 is a Software‐Defined‐radio transceivers designed by National Instruments for wireless communications teaching and research
NI USRP 2920
National Instruments for wireless communications teaching and research.
The NI USRP 2920 is the central core of the L band Radar SystemThe NI USRP 2920 is the central core of the L band Radar System
L‐band Software Defined Radar L‐band Software Defined Radar
• Hardware DescriptionHardware Description
Block Diagramg
L‐band Software Defined Radar L‐band Software Defined Radar
• Hardware DescriptionMXE 5302Single Board Computer
USRP 2920SDR transceiver
Antenna RotorScanning system
Amplification circuitPower Amplifier GAIN ≈ 35dBLow noise Amplifier GAIN ≈15dB
Remote Control systemPossibility to control the radar by e‐mail or smsradar by e mail or sms
L‐band Software Defined Radar Signal Processing tecnique
The radar signal processing adopted is a particular pulse compression technique calledpulse compression technique called Stretch Processor
four distinct steps1) Rx signal is mixed with a replica of the transmitted waveform;2) Low Pass Filtering (LPF) and coherent detection are performed in order2) Low Pass Filtering (LPF) and coherent detection are performed in order
to avoid the high frequency response achieved at the output of theMixer.
3) Analog to Digital (A/D) conversion4) Fast Fourier Transform is used to extract the tones proportional to the
target range.target range.
ALL THE PROCESSINGIS PERFORMEDVIA SOFTWAREIn the SBC MXE5302
L‐band Software Defined Radar Antenna
Elementary square cell sizes are 10cm x 10cm, while the dimensions of the entire array are y80cm x 40cm.Each element has been covered by a thin silver film in order to avoid copper oxidation and the final geometry has been obtained assembling two independent 4x4 square modules
L‐band Software Defined Radar Antenna
E Fi ld R di ti P tt t th f f 1 8GHE‐Field Radiation Pattern at the frequency f= 1.8GHz
A gain of more than 20dB has been achieved according to a 20% input impedance frequencybandwidth obtained (significantly higher in respect to the classical rectangular patch)bandwidth obtained (significantly higher in respect to the classical rectangular patch).A beam width of 11° in the E‐Plane and 22° in the H‐Plane has been achieved in the entirefrequency band, in theoretical analysis and in both simulations and measurements.
L‐band Software Defined Radar Antenna
Antennas integrated into the Software Defined Radar System
The antenna has been designed, fabricated and tested in the Microwave Lab at University of Calabria
L‐band Software Defined Radar Test and results
In order to validate the L Band radar system and signal processing tecnique openIn order to validate the L Band radar system and signal processing tecnique open space and anecoich chamber test has been performed.
L‐band Software Defined Radar Test and results
In order to validate the L Band radar system and signal processing techniqueIn order to validate the L Band radar system and signal processing technique open space and anechoic chamber test has been performed.
The aim of the experiments was the detection of a metallic laminate at severalThe aim of the experiments was the detection of a metallic laminate at several distances
Radar system response with a target d t ti i t l 54detection approximately 54m
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Signal
Remote PowerControl
SignalProcessor
Source Control
ScatterometerTX RX
Box
BoxSwitch
Source Selector
Antennas Box
Switch
TX RXAntennas BoxAntenna Antenna
Scatterometer Box PWSWITCH VGA_MXE
USBUSB
SERV_USCopper Mountain
Embedded PC MXEUSB
220V
AC
SB_MXE
TechnologiesPlanar 804/1
Port1 Port2
2
12V 3A DCPWR Amp Traco Power
ETH RJ45
HDMI
HDMI_RA
SP
‐240
5V 6A DC
DCPWR AmpCernex CBM06123023
LNAWBA2080A
Traco PowerTOP 60252
SERV
PTSK
‐
SBC RaspberryGPIO(0)
P R5V 1A DC
USB1:4)
USB
V_USB_RA
SP
Power Rasp
Power USB5V 1A DC
U
GPIO(
220V AC
PWIN TX RX GPIO(1:4) PW_USB_RASP
Box Scatterometroh lCopper Mountain Technologies
Planar 804/1
Traco PowerTOP 60252
LNAWBA2080A
PTSK 240PTSK‐240
ON‐OFF switch
PWR AmpCernex CBM06123023
Embedded PC MXE
Power Rasp
SBC Raspberry
Power USB
Box Scatterometer
PWIN
( )
PWSWITCH
GPIO(1:4)
SERV_USB_RASP
HDMI_RASP
PW_USB_RASP
ON‐OFF
SERV_USB_MXE
RX
VGA_MXETX
RX
Complete systemPWSWITCH
Box Scatterometer
Huawei E220 PWIN TX RX GPIO(1 4) PW USB RASP HSDPA ModemPWIN TX RX GPIO(1:4) PW_USB_RASP
220V AC
Box Switch
PWIN RFOUT Select_Switch(1:4)
Box Switch
RFIN
B A tBox Antenne
Misure ‐ 2Target – HRRProfile
Picco Tg2 dmisurata – dcalibrazione = =890 cm – 470 cm=
= 420cm
Pi T 1Picco Tg1 dmisurata – dcalibrazione = =970 cm – 470 cm=
500cm= 500cm