Quantum ComputingQuantum Computing

Physics 496Physics 496

Jeffrey KiyabuJeffrey Kiyabu

I.I. Bits & QubitsBits & QubitsII.II. Quantum phenomenaQuantum phenomena

A. SuperpositionA. SuperpositionB. ParallelismB. ParallelismC. InterferenceC. Interference

III.III. ComputationComputationA. Unitary operators (logic gates)A. Unitary operators (logic gates)B. AlgorithmsB. Algorithms

IV.IV. Technological/Systematic ObstaclesTechnological/Systematic ObstaclesA. DecoherenceA. DecoherenceB. Hardware architectureB. Hardware architecture

Quantum ComputingQuantum Computing

Bits & QubitsBits & Qubits

Bit – 0 or 1Bit – 0 or 1

Qubit – quantum mechanical two-state Qubit – quantum mechanical two-state system (spin up, spin down or 0, 1); a system (spin up, spin down or 0, 1); a system of system of nn qubits represents 2 qubits represents 2nn possible possible statesstates

Quantum PhenomenaQuantum Phenomena

SuperpositionSuperposition

ParallelismParallelism

InterferenceInterference

ComputationComputation

Unitary operators (logic gates) e.g. not-Unitary operators (logic gates) e.g. not-gategate

Algorithm – sequence of logic gates Algorithm – sequence of logic gates operating on a system operating on a system

e.g. quantum search algorithme.g. quantum search algorithm

ObstaclesObstacles

Decoherence – information in the system Decoherence – information in the system lost to environmentlost to environment

Hardware architectureHardware architecture

I.I. Bits & QubitsBits & QubitsII.II. Quantum phenomenaQuantum phenomena

A. SuperpositionA. SuperpositionB. InterferenceB. InterferenceC. ParallelismC. Parallelism

III.III. ComputationComputationA. Unitary operators (logic gates)A. Unitary operators (logic gates)B. AlgorithmsB. Algorithms

IV.IV. Technological/Systematic ObstaclesTechnological/Systematic ObstaclesA. DecoherenceA. DecoherenceB. Hardware architectureB. Hardware architecture

Quantum ComputingQuantum Computing

““Where a calculator on the Eniac is Where a calculator on the Eniac is equipped with 18000 vacuum tubes and equipped with 18000 vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons, computers in the future weighs 30 tons, computers in the future may have only 1000 tubes and weigh only may have only 1000 tubes and weigh only 1 1/2 tons," 1 1/2 tons,"

-Popular Mechanics, March 1949. -Popular Mechanics, March 1949.

ReferencesReferences1.1. Ekert, Arthur., et al. “Basic concepts in quantum computation.” Ekert, Arthur., et al. “Basic concepts in quantum computation.” QuantikiQuantiki. .

(2006): 16 April 2007. (2006): 16 April 2007. <<http://http://www.quantiki.org/wiki/index.php/Basic_concepts_in_quantumwww.quantiki.org/wiki/index.php/Basic_concepts_in_quantum_computation_computation>.>.

2.2. Grover, Lov. Grover, Lov. Quantum ComputingQuantum Computing. “The Sciences.” August 1999.. “The Sciences.” August 1999.<<http://cryptome.org/qc-grover.htmhttp://cryptome.org/qc-grover.htm>.>.

3.3. Hirvensalo, Mika. Hirvensalo, Mika. Quantum ComputingQuantum Computing. 2nd edition. Ed. Rozenberg, G. . 2nd edition. Ed. Rozenberg, G. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004.

4.4. Mathematics of Quantum ComputationMathematics of Quantum Computation. Ed. Brylinski, Ranee K. and . Ed. Brylinski, Ranee K. and Chen, Goong. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2002.Chen, Goong. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2002.

5.5. West, James. “The Quantum Computer.” West, James. “The Quantum Computer.” An introduction to Quantum An introduction to Quantum ComputingComputing. 28 April 2000. . 28 April 2000. <<http://www.cs.caltech.edu/~westside/quantum-intro.htmlhttp://www.cs.caltech.edu/~westside/quantum-intro.html >. >.

6.6. “Quantum computer.” “Quantum computer.” WikipediaWikipedia. 16 April 2007. . 16 April 2007. <<http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computeren.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computer>.>.

questionsquestions