Quality Related TermsDefinitions

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QUALITY RELATED TERMS

AND DEFINITIONSApparel Standards Specifications and Quality Control

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What is Quality ?

Quality is also the reflection of the customersopinion of the value they see in your productcompared to that of your competitors.

In other words quality is whatever the customersays it is or the customer it is or the customer is thefinal judge of quality.

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Quality Definition by ISO

Quality is defined by ISO (International StandardsOrganization) as the the totality of features andcharacteristics of a product or service that bear on

its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs

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http://www.iso.org/iso/home.htm


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Quality related terminology

Here is some quality related terminology taken from an American

National Standard ANSI/ASQC A3 Quality systems terminology

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QualityManagement

QualitySystem

Quality Plan

Quality PolicyQuality

AssuranceQualityControl

StatisticalQuality

Control

Inspection Testing


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Quality Assurance : All those planned or systematic actions necessaryto provide adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfygiven requirements for quality.

Quality Control : The operational techniques and activities requiredto fulfill the requirements for quality

Statistical Quality Control : The application of statistical techniquesto the control of quality


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Inspection & Testing

Inspection : Activities such as measuring,examining, testing, gauging, one or morecharacteristics of a product or service, and

comparing these with the specified requirementsto determine conformity.

Testing : A means of determining the capability of

an item to meet specified requirements bysubjecting the item to a set of physical, chemical,environmental, or operating actions andconditions.

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Introduction to Quality

Assurance

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Quality Assurance :All those planned or systematic actions necessary

to provide adequate confidence that a product orservice will satisfy given requirements for quality.


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The Textile Industry Complex

The textile industry complex indicates suppliers of

raw material and processed

materials,sewn product manufacturers,

wholesalers, and

retailers.

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The Textile Industry Complex

Fibres & Yarns

Dyes & Pigments

Fabrics

Closures, Trims andSupport Materials

Producers ofMaterials

Manufacturers

Contractors

Producer ofProducts Wholesalers

Retailers (Storeand non-storeformats)

Distribution ofProducts

Consumers ofProducts

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Raw Materials Raw materials includes the unprocessed components used to

produce a product.

Raw materials include fibres, yarns, dyes, finishing chemicalsand other materials as plastics and metal that are processed

into buttons, zippers and other items that are used toproduce finished goods.

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Sewn product manufacturers Sewn product manufacturers make apparel, furnishings and

industrial products. These manufacturers often incorporateother activities such as fusing and dyeing, into theproduction process.

They may sell their products to wholesalers or directly toconsumers.

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Retailers Retailers present merchandise to the consumers via stores,

catalogs, websites, TV, direct sales, and other venues.

Many manufacturers and retailers have off-shore production

facilities or work with contractors who produce goods.

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Consumers

Consumers are the individuals who use or wear finishedtextile products.

Consumers include consumers, companies, such as sewnproduct manufacturers who buy fabric and other materials,and retailers who buy quantities of identical products forsale to the consumer.

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Textile quality Assurance Textile quality assurance is the process of designing,

producing, evaluating, and assessing the products todetermine that they meet the desired quality level for acompanys target market.

It is based on the knowledge of Textiles

Design

Merchandising

Production

Consumer behaviour

Product and process evaluation

Marketing

Statistics

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Phases of Quality Assurance16

Inspectionbefore/afterproduction

Inspection andcorrective

action duringproduction

Quality builtinto theprocess

Acceptancesampling

Processcontrol

Continuousimprovement

The leastprogressive

The mostprogressive


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Some issues facing the quality profession

How to define quality from the customers perspective?

Keeping up with the constant increases in the level of qualityof todays goods and services.

The particular difficulties encountered in managing service

quality.How does the organization identify the quality dimensions

that are most important to its customers?

Being able to avoid the costs of poor quality products andservices.

Being able to deal with the shift in balance of power toconsumers from producers through globalization.

Recognizing that customer loyalty is increasingly based onquality.

Getting leaner by achieving higher levels of productivity.

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Expressing Dissatisfaction18

A dissatisfiedcustomer

Takes

action

Takesno action

Public actioncan be

Private action

Seeking redress directly fromthe firm

Taking legal action

A complaint to business, private,or governmental agencies

Stop buying the product orboycott the seller

Warn friends about the productand/or seller


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Quality ControlQuality control (QC) includes the activities

from the suppliers, through production, and tothe customers.

Incoming materials are examined to make surethey meet the appropriate specifications.

The quality of partially completed productsare analyzed to determine if production

processes are functioning properly.Finished goods and services are studied to

determine if they meet customer expectations.

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QC Throughout Production Systems

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Inputs Conversion Outputs

Raw Materials,Parts, andSupplies

Production

Processes

Products and

Services

Quality ofInputs

Quality ofPartially Completed

Products

Quality ofOutputs


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QUALITY CONTROL ASPECTS OF

GARMENT EXPORTS

There are a number of factors on which quality fitness ofgarment industry is based such as

performance,

reliability,durability,

visual and perceived quality of thegarment

Quality needs to be defined in terms of a particularframework of cost.

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Costs of Quality FailureDefects are not free, someone makes them and gets paid for the privilege

COST OF INTERNAL FAILURE Scrapped materials, goods and services Rework/ retest Reduced capacity/ yield/ increased downtime Rescheduling Service delays

Disruption to the service process. Focus is on troubleshooting not improvement

COST OF EXTERNAL FAILURE Warranty and servicing costs Product liability / Litigation Complaints and their administration Loss of customer goodwill Inconvenience to other customers

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The Economic Costs of Quality COST OF PREVENTION Quality planning Design of quality system Staff quality training and development Preventative maintenance

Supplier development training Administering quality procedures (e.g. ISO 9001) Time spent problem - solving, improving process Measurement of customer satisfaction during process

COST OF APPRAISAL Testing and Inspection of supplier goods and services Testing and Inspection of internal service processes Measurement of customer satisfaction after process Quality Audits

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Points to note down for quality ingarment manufacturing system

Here some of main fabric properties that are taken intoconsideration for garment manufacturing for export basis:

Overall look of the garment.

Right formation of the garment.

Feel and fall of the garment. Physical properties.

Colour fastness of the garment.

Finishing properties

Presentation of the final produced garment.

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Basic Thumb Rules for GarmentManufacturers & Exporters

Quality has to be taken care by the exporter, excuses are notentertained in international market for negligence for lowquality garments, new or existing exporters for both it ismandatory to use design, technology and quality as majorupgradation tools.

Apart from superior quality of the garment, its pricing,packaging, delivery, etc has to be also taken care of.

The garment shown in the catalogue should match with thefinal garment delivered.

It is important to perform according to the promises given tothe buyer, or else it creates very bad impression and resultsin loss of business and reputation.

In international market, quality reassurance is required atevery point.

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Rules Contd.. Proper documentation and high standard labels on the

garment are also important aspects as these things also creategood impression.

Timely delivery of garments is as important as its quality.

If your competitor has the better quality of garment in samepricing, it is better to also enhance your garment quality.

Before entering into international market, garment exportershave to carefully frame out the quality standards, or else ifanything goes wrong it could harm the organization. And

after that strictly follow it. The garment quality should match the samples shown

during taking the orders.

The garment exporters should know to negotiate a premiumprice after quality assurance is done.

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Aspects of quality based on which the garmentexporters are supposed to work.

Quality of the production.

Quality of the design of the garment.

Purchasing functions quality should also be maintained.

Quality of final inspection should be superior.

Quality of the sales has to be also maintained. Quality of marketing of the final product is also important as

the quality of the garment itself.

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Quality related problems in garment

manufacturing (Sewing Defects)

Sewing defects

Like open seams,

wrong stitching techniques used,

same colour garment, but usage of different colour threads

on the garment, miss out of stitches in between,

creasing of the garment,

Erroneous thread tension and raw edges

are some sewing defects that could occur so should be takencare of.

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Colour effects - Colour defects that could occur are

difference of the colour of final producedgarment to the sample shown,

accessories used are of wrong colourcombination and

mismatching of dye amongst the pieces.

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manufacturing (Color Defects)


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Wrong gradation of sizes,

difference in measurement of a garmentpart from other, for example- sleeves of

XL size but body of L size.

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manufacturing (Sizing defects)


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Garment defects - During manufacturing process defectscould occur like

faulty zippers,

Irregular hemming,loose buttons,

raw edges,

improper button holes,

uneven parts, inappropriate trimming,and

difference in fabric colours.

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manufacturing (Garment defects)

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Quality Related TermsDefinitions