Quality Management of 3D Cultural Heritage Replicas with ......production of virtual models for dissemination • creation of 3D models for virtual restoration • 3D printed replicas

Quality Management of 3D Cultural Heritage Replicas

with CIDOC-CRM Nicola Amico, Paola Ronzino, Achille Felicetti, Franco Niccolucci

• 3D models are increasingly used in Cultural Heritage, thanks to the diffusion of technologies like laser scanning and photogrammetry that make 3D model widely available methodology.

• Nowadays it is being adopted for mass acquisition of artifacts and monuments, and 3D datasets are stored in an increasing number of openly accessible digital libraries.

3D Digital Heritage

e.g.: Europeana started to populate with 3D models of European art and to create tools for the creation of collections of digital replicas of cultural objects.

How can we verify the quality of a 3D model and its reliability?

• Documentation is crucial to assess trustworthiness and suitability for purpose and thus enable re-use.

CIDOC-CRM can help to this purpose?

• This research proposes to use CIDOC-CRM and its extension CRMdig to document the planning and execution of 3D models of cultural artifacts in order to manage the quality of the replicas

Project Aim

Aim Definition

Location Survey

Repository Creation

Technology Definition

Field Operation

3D Data Registration

3D Data Post-Processing

Laser Scanner Project Workflow

Aim Definition

• Aim Definition: define the purpose of the digitization • modeling for cultural documentation

• production of virtual models for dissemination

• creation of 3D models for virtual restoration

• 3D printed replicas for dissemination (e.g. museum exibitions) and for research purposes

• The definition of the aim is strictly connected to the Technology Definition

Aim Definition

Location Survey

Repository Creation


Field Operation


3D Data Post-

Processing

Aim Definition

Aim_DefinitionE65_Creation

P94_has_createdAim_DescriptionE31_Document

Digitization_Purpose_DefinitionE7_Activity

P70i_is_documented_in

Laser_Scanning_ProjectD28_Digital-Documentation_Project

P9_consists_of

P17i_motivated

UserE39_Actor

P11i_partecipated_in

Purpose_TypeE55_Type

P2_has_type

Technology_DefinitionE7_Activity

P15i_influenced

Location Survey • Location Survey concerns the inspection of

• Environmental conditions • Lighting, temperature, presence of dust (indoor and outdoor) …

• Object feature and size related to the surrounding scene • Location of monument or museum object (e.g. space available for scanning)

• This stage will support • In defining best time to collect the data

• In identifying the presence of high reflective surfaces, obstructions and obstacles that may voids artifacts

Aim Definition

Location Survey

Repository Creation


Field Operation


3D Data Post-

Processing

Location Survey


P15i_influenced

Object_InspectionE65_Creation

Location_SurveyE7_Activity

P9_consists_of


P9_consists_of

Condition_AssessmentE13_Attribute_Assignment

P9_consists_of

Site_Inspection_Documentation_Creation

E65_Creation

P9_consists_of

Object_Inspection_DocumentationE31_Document

P94_has_createdDocumentation_Type

E55_TypeP2_has_type

Assessment_TypeE55_TypeP2_has_type

ConditionE3_Condition_State

P141_assigned

Site_LocationE53_Place

P7_took_place_at

Environmental_ReportE62_String

P3_has_note

Site_Inspection DocumentationE31_Document

P94_has_createdDocumentation_Type

E55_TypeP2_has_type

SceneE19_Physical_Object

P54_has_current_permanent_location

P44_has_conditon

Condition_TypeE55_Type

P2_has_type

P70_is_documented_in

SceneE19_Physical_Object

P46_is_composed_of

Repository Creation

• Repository design and creation: design the repository according to the project needs • The project may use an existing repository, if the work concerns models added to a

previously existing one

• Define correct file formats in order to save space and to guarantee interoperability

Aim Definition

Location Survey

Repository Creation


Field Operation


3D Data Post-

Processing

Repository_CreationE65_Creation

RepositoryD13_Digital_Information_Carrier

Laser_Scanning_ProjectD28_Digital_Documentation_Project

P9_consists_of

Digital_ModelD15_Repository_Object

P2_has_type

L19_stores

P94_has_created

Object_TypeFormat_TypePurpose_TypeE55_Type

P2_has_type

Repository TypeE55_Type

Repository Creation


• The Technology Definition step concerns • Device features according to the location survey outcomes

• Environment

• Object material

• Object shape

• Object size

Aim Definition

Location Survey

Repository Creation


Field Operation


3D Data Post-

Processing

Location_SurveyE7_Activity

P15i_influenced

Digital_Camera_DefinitionE7_Activity


P9_consists_of


P9_consists_of

Other_Device_DefinitionE7_Activity

P9_consists_of

3D_Scanner_DefinitionE7_Activity

P9_consists_of

Data_Capture_DesigningE65_Creation

P20_had_specific_purpose

Scanning_Process_DefinitionE7_Activity

P9_consists_of

Digitization_PlanE29_Design_or_Procedure

P94_has_created


Field Operations

• The Field Operation step defines • Device features according to the

location survey outcomes and to the object/scene to be scanned (FOV, level of detail)

• Number of scan position (orientation angle)

• Number and position of targets

• Total station and GPS

• Internal/external camera

• Set-up of lighting system (e.g. caves, museums)

Aim Definition

Location Survey

Repository Creation


Field Operation


3D Data Post-

Processing

Scanner Settings

3D_Scanner_SettingsD1_Digital_Object

3D_Data_CaptureD7_Digital_Machine_Event

L13_used_parameters3D_Scanner_DefinitionE7_Activity


3D_ScannerD8_Digital_DeviceL12_happened_on_device

3D_Scanner_TypeE55_Type

P2_has_type

3D_Scanner_Settings_ValuesE54_Dimension

P43_has_dimension

3D_Scanner_Setting_TypeE55_Type

3D_Scanner_Setting_UnitE58_Measurement_Unit

3D_Scanner_Setting_ValueE60_Number

P2_has_type

P91_has_unit

P90_has_value

RGB Capture

Camera_SettingsD1_Digital_Object

RGB_CaptureD7_Digital_Machine_Event

L13_used_parameters

Digital_Camera_DefinitionE7_Activity


Digital_CameraD8_Digital_DeviceL12_happened_on_device

Camera_TypeE55_Type

LensesE22_Man-Made_Object

P2_has_type

P46_is_composed_of

Camera_TypeE55_Type

P2_has_type

Camera_Settings_ValuesE54_Dimension

P43_has_dimension

Camera_Setting_TypeE55_Type

Camera_Setting_UnitE58_Measurement_Unit

Camera_Setting_ValueE60_Number

P2_has_type

P91_has_unit

P90_has_value

Field Operations

Total Station

Marker

Laser Scanner

Field Operations

Mark_DefinitionE7_Activity

Field_OperationE7_Activity

P9_consists_of

Laser_scanning_ProjectD28_Digital_Documentation_Process

P9_consists_of

Mark_GeoreferencingE16_Measurement

L12_happened_on_device

Mark_CoordinatesE47_Spatial_Coordinates

P39_measured

Scanning_ProcedureE29_Design_or_Procedure

P17_was_motivated_by

3D_ScannerD8_Digital_Device

Scanning_ExecutionD2_Digitization_Process

P2_has_type

P33i_was_used_by

Mark_PositioningE9_Move

P9_consists_of

Scanner_FOVE55_Type

P17_was_motivated_by

MarkE19_Physical_Object

P25_moved TypeE55_Type

P2_has_type

Mark_PositionE55_Type

P25_moved

P87i_identifies


• The 3D Data Registration consists of merging multiple scans with each other in correct, relative 3D geometry within a single coordinate system. It includes:

• Scanner position

• Ground Control Points (GCPs) or identifiable features

• Pre-registration cleaning: remove noisy data, which could affect the final result.

Aim Definition

Location Survey

Repository Creation


Field Operation


3D Data Post-Processing


Pre-Registration_Model_CleaningD3_Formal_Derivation

Complete_RegistrationD7_Digital_Machine_Event

P9_consists_of

Laser_Scanning_ProjectD28_Digital_Documentation_Process

P9_consists_of

RegistrationD10_Software_Execution

P9_consists_of

Registration_TypeE55_Type

ModelD15_Repository_Object

P2_has_type

L13_used_parameters

Registration_ParametersD1_Digital_Object

L11_had_output

Cleaning_Parameters_ValuesE54_Dimension

L13_used_parameters

Cleaning_Setting_TypeE55_Type

Cleaning_Setting_UnitE58_Measurement_Unit

Cleaning_Setting_ValueE60_Number

P2_has_type

P91_has_unit

P90_has_value

L22_created_derivative

L21_used_as_derivation_source

L10_had_input

Model_Cleaning_ParametersD1_Digital_Object

P43_has_dimension

Registration_Parameters_Values

E54_Dimension

Registration_Parameter_Type

E55_Type

Registration_Parameter_Unit

E58_Measurement_Unit

Registration_Parameter_Value

E60_Number

P2_has_type

P91_has_unit

P90_has_value

P43_has_dimension

D15_Repository_Object

Pre-Registration Model Cleaning

D3_Formal Derivation

Model Cleaning Parameters

D1_Digital_Object

• Cleaning vertices and faces on the boundary

Cleaning Parameters Values

E54_Dimension

Cleaning Setting Type

E55_Type

• boundary

Cleaning Setting Unit

E58_Measurement Unit

• faces or vertices

Cleaning Setting Value

E60_Number

• 2

Pre-Registration Cleaning

L3_used_parameters P43_has_dimension

P2_has_type

P91_has_unit

P90_has_value

L21_used_as_ Derivation_source


3D Dataset Post-Processing

• The Post-Processing step includes • Polygonal mesh generation

• Cleaning processes

• Resampling and decimation

Aim Definition

Location Survey

Repository Creation


Field Operation


3D Data Post-

Processing

3D Dataset Post-Processing

Post-processing_TypeE55_Type

3D_Data_Post-processingD3_Formal_Derivation

P2_has_type

Laser_Scanning_ProjectD28_Digital_Documentation_Process

P9_consists_of

Post-processing_SoftwareD1_Digital_Object


L13_used_parameters

PP_Software_Parameter_ValuesE54_Dimension

PP_Software_Parameter_TypeE55_Type

PP_Software_Parameter_UnitE58_Measurement_Unit

PP_Software_Parameter_ValueE60_Number

P2_has_type

P91_has_unit

P90_has_value

ModelD15_Repository_Object

L23_used_software_or_firmware

P43_has_dimensionPP_Software_Parameters

D1_Digital_ObjectL21_used_as_derivation_source

Conclusions and Future Works

• This research illustrates how CRM may support Quality Management of 3D Cultural Heritage documentation

• It is being extended to other methodologies like photogrammetry/SfM,

videogrammetry

• It may need refinements and revisions dictated by practice

• Implementation will need tools to simplify the input

• The procedure is being tested within a 3D digital library project

ARIADNE is a project funded by the European Commission under the Community’s Seventh Framework Programme, contract no. FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2012-1-313193. The views and opinions expressed in this presentation are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect

the views of the European Commission.

Thank you for your attention

Documents

Quality Management of 3D Cultural Heritage Replicas with ......production of virtual models for dissemination • creation of 3D models for virtual restoration • 3D printed replicas