QUÁ TRÌNH SẢN XUẤT ĐỒ HỘP THỊT

7/30/2019 QU TRNH SN XUT HP THT

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QU TRNH SN XUT HPTHT

1. C s chung

1.1. Nguyn liu

- Nguyn liu : tht ( tht heo,gan heo,thtgia cm,tht b)

- Yu cu : Tht c cht lng, khng b

bnh.


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1.2. Cc yu t nh hng n chtlng sn phm

a) nh hng ca protein nguyn liu

- S hnh thnh nh tng c lin quan n tnhtan ca protein. Nng protein v s tothnh nh tng c mi quan h vi nhau.Chng s gia tng cng vi s gia tng nng protein mc gii hn.

- nh tng c hnh thnh, tc nhn hotng b mt l protein s ho tan trong mitrng phn tn.


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b) nh hng ca ph gia

* Tinh bt

Tinh bt b sung vo hn hp nh tng nhmmc ch:

H gi thnh sn phm

Hp th mt lng nc Di tc dng ca nhit to ra dng gel gia

tng kh nng kt dnh, ngn chn hin tng

ng ti m.


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- Tinh bt c kh nng to gel do s tothnh v sp xp li cc phn t tinh bt

to thnh cu trc mng 3 chiu do cclin kt hydro gia cc mchpolyglucoside hay gin tip qua cu phn

t nc. Tinh bt cng c kh nng ngto gel vi protein nh vo lin kt hydrov lc Van Der Waals. Trong trng hpny c protein v tinh bt u sp xp liphn t to gel.

- Vic s dng tinh bt vo sn phm l cgii hn, nu qu nhiu chng s to mi

cho sn phm, lm gim cht lng.


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* Mui NaCl

Mui c b sung vo c tc dng:

To v cho sn phm Km hm s pht trin ca vi sinh vt

C kh nng to p sut thm thu, lm

gim aw do ngn cn s pht trin cavi sinh vt


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* Cc phosphate- Vai tr ca phosphate khi p mui : lm gia

tng kh nng lin kt ca nc vi protein cam c, t lm gia tng nng sut ca sn

phm sau cng, tng cht lng ca sn phm.Hot ng ca phosphate trong vic ci thin sgi nc biu th 3 mt:

Nng pH Hnh thnh lin kt vi ion Ca2+ v Mg2+

Gy ra s dui protein ca c, to cc v tr ckh nng lin kt m tt hn.


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* Nitrit

- Mc ch : to mu cho sn phm, ngncn s pht trin ca vi sinh vt.

- Nu s dng vi lng d s to hp chtgy c cho c th (Nitrosamin l chtdn n ung th), v n kt hp vi

Hemoglobin trong c th to thnhMethemoglobin, ngn cn s hp th oxygy nn hin tng thiu mu no.


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* Natri ascorbate

- Lng ascorbate hot ng ging nh mtcht chng oxy ho. Lm gim c tnhca Nitrit.

* ng

-ng lm du mm sn phm, tr gipqu trnh gi mu ca tht do ng ctnh kh, s kh Fe3+ thnh Fe2+


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*Tc dng ca nc

- Nc b sung vo trong hn hp thtxay nhm h nhit ca khi tht xungdi 10oC gi cu trc dai, chc ca khinguyn liu.


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2. Gii thiu qui trnh ch bin pategan

2.1 Nguyn liu

-Tht

- Nguyn liu tht dng trong ch bin phim bo yu cu cht lng, khng dngtht b bnh. Trong sn xut sn phm hp tht thng dng tht heo.


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- Gan

- Gan l b phn quan trng nht trong schuyn ha vt cht ca hot ng sng,chim1,5% khi lng V. Pha ngoi ca gan cbao bc bng mt lp mng cng. Gan hn hn

cc sn phm ph khc v hm lng m.- Thnh phn ca gan : globulin, albumin,

glucoproteid, ferritin, ferrin. Lipit ca gan chatriglyceride, phosphatit, urkhi lng

glycogen t n 2 5%.- Yu cu:gan ti hay gan lm lnh ng

,phi m bo tiu chun : mu g sn, khng

dp nt v khng c mu vng ca nc mt.


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Ngoi ra gan cn cha mt lnghematocuprein (cha 0,24% ng vitaminnhm B, trong s ny c vitamin B12 v A


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- B (da)

S dng da ln ti c ly ngay saukhi git m hoc sau khi pha lc.

Yu cu: B phi c mu trng v khngdnh hay st lng.


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-Trng

Trng g hoc trng vt,phi m bocht lng tt. Trng phi ti khng bdp v.

Lng trng: Lng trng chim khong 60%

khi lng ton qu trng c thnh phnha hc nh sau:

Nc : 86 88%

Protid : 10,5 12,3%Lipid : 0,3%

Glucid : 0,5 0,9%

Khong: 0,3 -0,6%


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-Lng : Lng chim khong 30% khilng ton qu trng, c thnh phn ha hc

nh sau:

Nc : 47 50 %

Protid : 15 17 %

Lipid : 27 36 %Glucid : 0,7 1%

Khong : 0,7 1,6%

Ngoi ra trong lng cha nhiuloi vitamin (tr vitamin C)


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Lipid trong lng trng gm c hai dng:dng t do (glycerid) v dng lin kt(phosphatit, glycolipid, steroid)


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-ngS dng ng RE t tiu chunThnh phn(%) Ch tiu

Saccharose 99,7

m 0,15Tro 0,15

ng kh 0,15

pH 7

Mu sc Trng


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Nguyn liu

X l v lm sch

Tht ln Da ln Gan ln Nguyn liu ph

Ct Chn Lm sch

XayXay Xay

Hnh Nguyn liukhc

Xay

p mui

Bm nhuyn

Vo hp

Hp s b Ghp np Thanh trng Sn phm


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X l

Lm sch gan: gan phi c lc ht gntrng, cung gan v ng ng dn mt,mu ng. Loi b nhng phn b thmen hay thm dch mt mu xanh vng.Sau gan c ra bng nc sch.

Yu cu sau khi lm sch mu gan phing nht.


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- Chn b (da ln)

B c tch khi khi tht trong qu trnhphn loi tht, sau em i chn.

Mc ch : to iu kin cho qu trnh xayv bm nhuyn d dng. B c chntrong nc si thi gian 15 20 pht.

Yu cu : sau khi chn b phi chn 70 80%.


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- Xay

Nguyn liu tht, gan, b, hnh kh uc qua qu trnh xay. Thng tin hnhxay ring tng loi nhng yu cu cng

ngh nh nhau. Mc ch : to iu kin cho qu trnh bm

nhuyn v trn gia v c d dng.

Yu cu sau khi xay : tht, b, gan, hnhu ng nht


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- Mui gan

Gan sau khi xay c em i p mui.Qu trnh p gan c trn u vi giav.

Mc ch p mui l to mu, mi, vcho sn phm sau ny. Qu trnh pmui c tc dng quan trng n cht

lng ca pat. Nu nhit thng,thi gian p mui khong 1 gi.


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- Bm nhuyn

Tht, b, hnh sau khi xay, gan sau khi pmui v cc nguyn liu ph khc cphi trn v bm nhuyn.

Mc ch : tng mn ca pat, tng ng u v kh nng lin kt ca cc cut.

Yu cu sau khi bm nhuyn khi snphm phi mn, ng u.


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- Vo hp

Cho khi sn phm sau khi bm nhuynvo hp ng .

Yu cu : ng trng lng, khi tht phinm trn trong hp khng dnh ln thnhhp.


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ng thi bi kh cn hn ch s phttrin ca vi sinh vt hiu kh tn ti trong hp, hn ch s n mn st ty


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- Ghp np v thanh trng

Khi tht sau khi c bi kh xong phic ghp m ngay. Sau a i thanhtrng 1210C. Thanh trng nhit p dng

cho sn phm ny c li v: va tc dngtiu dit vi sinh vt, va gi c chtlng sn phm.

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QUÁ TRÌNH SẢN XUẤT ĐỒ HỘP THỊT