QSI 2012 Annual Report

8/14/2019 QSI 2012 Annual Report

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U W E C L P \ Y \ Y P G M Y, L K I.

6 > 5 6 E K K W E C V G ^ D V P

YDCWPLDKY ADV

PBG AWPWVG


2/136

I D M ^ E K \ ^ V D A L C G

Uueclty Yystgms, Lki. (KEY@EU:UYLL) `gvgcdps ek` merhgts idmputgr-fesg` preitlig

mekeogmgkt, gcgitrdkli bgectb rgidr`s ek` rgvgkug iyicg mekeogmgkt eppclietldks es wgcc

es idkkgitlvlty prd`uits ek` sgrvligs. Pbg Idmpeky sgrvgs mg`liec ek` `gktec ordup

preitligs es wgcc es rurec ek` idmmuklty bdspltecs.

A L K E K I L E C B L O B C L O B P Y

Alsiec yger gk`g` Merib 95, 6>56 6>55 6>5> 6>>< 6>>2

Vgvgkug $06

Kgt lkidmg $?7,17? $15,1>1 02,9?< 01,55< 0>,>?2

@lcutg` gerklkos pgr sberg $5.62 $5.>1 $>.20 $>.25 $>.?6

Iesb `lvl`gk`s `gicerg` pgr sberg $>.?> $>.19 $>.1> $>.72 $>.7>

Pdtec sbergbdc`grs gqulty $6 $522,62< $577,71? $559,?>7

(lk tbdusek`s, gxigpt pgr sberg emdukts)

Ecc pgr sberg emdukts bevg fggk rgstetg` adr geib pgrld` prgsgktg` td rgstgit tbg twd-adr-dkg spclt da dur idmmdk stdih

gaagitlvg Ditdfgr 6?, 6>55.


3/136U u e c l t y Y y s t g m s , L k i . | 5

Ybgc`dk Vezlk

Ibelrmek da tbg Fder` ek`

Aduk`gr

Ytgvgk P. ^cdibdihl

^rgsl`gkt ek`

Iblga Gxgiutlvg Dastigr

C G P P G V P D Y B E V G B D C @ G V Y


4/1366 | 6>56 E k k u e c V g p d r t



êtlgkt-Igktgrg` Mg`liec Bdmg (ÎMB) E ÎMB md`gc gkidureogs petlgkt lkvdcvgmgkt lk

tbglr dwk bgectb ek` wgcc-fglko. êtlgkts erg uk`gr tbg ierg da e pbyslilek, wbd bge`s tbg mg`liec

tgem tbet iddr`lketgs ek` e``rgssgs tbg prgvgktlvg, eiutg ek` ibrdkli ierg kgg`s da petlgkts.

Eiblgvlko ÎMB rgqulrgs e sloklstiekt lkvgstmgkt lk iclklieccy ek` tgibklieccy treksadrmlko tbg wey

mg`lilkg ls preitlig` lk prlmery ierg. Pbg mg`liec bdmg preitlig suppdrts petlgkts lk cgerklko

td mekeog ek` droeklzg tbglr dwk ierg et tbg cgvgc tbgy ibddsg. Vgidoklzlko tbet petlgkts ek`

aemlclgs erg idrg mgmfgrs da tbg ierg tgem, lk e``ltldk td dtbgr prdvl`grs, mg`liec bdmg preitligs

gksurg tbet ecc lkvdcvg` pertlgs erg auccy lkadrmg` pertkgrs lk gstefclsblko ierg pceks. ^reitligs erg

rgwer`g` stkekileccy adr eiblgvlko ÎMB stetus8 ek`,

êy adr ^gradrmekig êy adr ^gradrmekig ls e fulc`lko fcdih adr peymgkt prdorems uk`gr

ÎMB ek` EID, wbgrgfy prdvl`grs erg idmpgksetg` wbgk queclty mgtrlis terogts erg mgt fy

lk`lvlùec prdvl`grs ek` tbg preitlig. Pbls ls e aukèmgktec ibekog ardm tbg tre`ltldkec agg-adr-

sgrvlig peymgkt md`gc.

Pd fecekig dur eflcltlgs lk ietgrlko td tbgsg kgw bgectbierg lkltletlvgs, dur VIM daagrlko ls augcg`

fy tbg ketldks bgectb rgadrm gaadrts. Lt ls rgesdkefcg td essumg tbet prdvl`grs wlcc fg pel` cgss dvgr

tlmg adr sgrvligs ek` rgoucetg` mdrg. Pbls pceigs sloklstiekt prgssurg dk iesb stdw dvgr tbg cdko

tgrm. Pbg odvgrkmgkts pcek td gmferh dk mdrg eoorgsslvg id`lko prdigssgs, es gvl`gkig` fy tbg

pcekkg` 6>50 ceukib da LI@-5>, wlcc aurtbgr lmpeit rglmfursgmgkt. Pbgsg twd hgy lkùstry gvgkts erg

`rlvlko dppdrtukltlgs adr bgectbierg prdvl`grs td dutsdurig tbglr flcclko ek` idccgitldk aukitldks wblib

erg iurrgktcy kdk-idrg idmpgtgkilgs adr mdst lk ek gaadrt td oelk e fgttgr rgturk dk lkvgstmgkt. UYL

ls ieplteclzlko dk tbls lkirgeslko trgk` wltb tbg gxpeksldk da dur VIM suppdrt sgrvligs.

UYL ek` lts KgxtOgk sufsl`lery

erg sprge`lko tbg wdr` efdut

tbg Idmpekys sdcutldks adr tbg

auturg es gvl`gkig` fy lts ewer`-

wlkklko e`vgrtlslko iempelok

igktgrg` erduk` kgw petlgkt

`gclvgry md`gcs.


6/1360 | 6>56 E k k u e c V g p d r t

^ V D @ W I P ÊPLGKP ^DVPEC

leky Kgcsdk, M.@. (pliturg` rlobt) ls tbg aduk`gr da @gsgrt Vlòg Aemlcy ^byslileks lk

^bdgklx, Erlzdke, e aemlcy preitlig wltb slx pbyslileks, dgrlko ierg td petlgkts rekolko ardm

kgwfdrks td ogrletrlis.

@r. Kgcsdk usgs tbg KgxtOgk êtlgkt ^drtec td lmprdvg idmmuklietldks wltb bgr petlgkts,datgk dutsl`g da tre`ltldkec dig bdurs. @r. Kgcsdk iek prdvl`g bgr petlgkts wltb wrlttgk

ierg pceks ek` lkqulrg efdut tbglr bgectb stetus, wblcg tbgy iek esh qugstldks, rgqugst

mg`lietldk rgstccs ek` prdvl`g tlmgcy upètgs efdut tbglr wgcc-fglko. Pls bes lmprdvg`

ierg ek` lkirgesg` dpgretldkec gilgkilgs, es gvl`gkig` fy tbg cestlko rgcetldksblps @gsgrt

Vlòg Aemlcy ^byslileks bes adrog` wltb lts petlgkts. Pgy rgiglvg gxigptldkec cgvgcs da ierg,

gkbekig` fy blobcy rgspdkslvg idmmuklietldk ibekkgcs.



Plaaeky Kgcsdk, M.@.

@gsgrt Vl`og Aemlcy byslileks, bdgklx, EZ


8/1361 | 6>56 E k k u e c V g p d r t

Ytgvg Odd`mek, M.@.

Ertbrltls Essdiletgs da Ydutb Acdrl`e, @gcrey Fgeib, AC


9/136


10/1362 | 6>56 E k k u e c V g p d r t

^ V D @ W I P MDFLCG

I. Mlibegc Arekhclk, M.@. (pliturg` rlobt) bge`s Vbgumetdcdoy Ypgilecty Igktgr lk _lccdw

Ordvg, ^gkksycvekle, e stetg-da-tbg-ert rbgumetdcdoy preitlig wltb globt rbgumetdcdolsts

ek` tbrgg kursg preitltldkgrs. Dpgretlko ardm tbrgg cdietldks, geib wltb lkausldk igktgrs, tbg

preitlig sgrvgs petlgkts tbrduobdut sdutbgest ^gkksycvekle ek` wgstgrk Kgw Jgrsgy.

@r. Arekhclk iduc` kdt mekeog tbg preitlig wltbdut KgxtOgk Mdflcg, wblib bg stetgs bes

rgeibg` kgw cgvgcs lk tbg `gclvgry da queclty petlgkt-igktrli ierg slkig lmpcgmgktlko tbg

eppclietldk. @r. Arekhclk ek` bls idccgeougs gkjdy tbg stgxlflclty ek` rgcleflclty da KgxtOgk

Mdflcg, wblib ls gesy td usg, lktultlvg ek` edr`s tbgm eiigss td petlgkt `ete wblcg dk

tbg od ekytlmg, ekywbgrg.

KgxtOgk Mdflcg bes fggk ek gkdrmdus tlmg sevgr ek` irgetg` lkirgesg` gilgkilgs wltblk

tbg preitligs dpgretldks wblcg ecsd gkbekilko idmmuklietldks emdko prdvl`grs ek` petlgkts.

@r. Arekhclk ek` bls tgem usg KgxtOgk Mdflcg prlmerlcy td eiigss petlgkt lkadrmetldk wbgk

tbgy erg dk iecc, dr ewey ardm tbg dig, gkefclko fgttgr lkslobt lktd petlgkt `ete, gspgileccyadr tbdsg tbgy `dkt typlieccy sgg.


11/136U u e c l t y Y y s t g m s , L k i . | | 6>56 E k k u e c V g p d r t

@gpcdyg` Bgectb Lkadrmetldk Gxibekog

@dycgstdwk Bdspltec, @dycgstdwk, E



fgkgstts suib es, idktrdcclko ète stdw, `girgeslko idsts, rgùilko grrdrs ek` prdvl`lko ierg tbet

ls seagr, mdrg tlmgcy, gastilgkt, gaagitlvg, gqultefcg ek` petlgkt-igktgrg`. _ltb KgxtOgk BLG, dkg

idmpcgtg ibert idktelklko idmprgbgkslvg petlgkt mg`liec blstdry ls irgetg`. _ltb dkg idmpcgtg

rgidr`, petlgkts kgg` kdt rgmgmfgr dr idmmuklietg rgidkilcg` mg`lietldk clsts, prdigùrgs

dr tbg tlmlko wbgk iclkliec ltgms wgrg esslokg` td tbglr ibert. _bgk vlsltlko e kgw ierg prdvl`gr,

petlgkts `d kdt kgg` td frlko tbglr pbysliec ibert la tbg prdvl`gr ls pert da KgxtOgks BLG8 tbg

petlgkts idmpcgtg mg`liec blstdry ls lmmg`letgcy evelcefcg.

KgxtOgk BLG gkefcgs bdspltecs ek` cefdretdrlgs td pusb ète td bdspltec-dwkg` ek` -eastcletg`

preitligs, ek` ecsd eccdws prdvl`grs uslko eky GBV td eiigss tbg systgm vle ek dkclkg pdrtec,

sgemcgsscy prdmdtlko sgiurg, idmpclekt eiigss td petlgkt lkadrmetldk eirdss tbg idmmuklty.

^ V D @ W I P BGECPB LKADVMEPLDK GRIBEKOG

@dycgstdwk Bdspltec lk @dycgstdwk, ^gkksycvekle, ls e 692-fg` idmmuklty bdspltec tbet e`mlts

50,>>> petlgkts ek` bek`cgs 07,>>> gmgrogkiy `gpertmgkt vlslts ekkueccy. @dycgstdwk Bdspltec

bes mdrg tbek 0>> dk-ste pbyslileks ek` gmpcdys lk gxigss da 6,6>> essdiletgs. E KgxtOgk

Bgectbierg iclgkt slkig 5


14/13656 | 6>56 E k k u e c V g p d r t

UYL@gktecAdrmg`(5



E``ltldkeccy, lk hggplko wltb UYLs blstdrliec preitlig da sgca-auk`lko eiqulsltldks tbet fcgk`

wltb dur fuslkgss daagrlkos, wg idmpcgtg` sgvgrec `urlko stsiec 6>56 tbet suppcgmgktg` gxlstlkofuslkgss clkgs:

IUL Ydcutldks, Lki.ls e prdvl`gr da surogry lkadrmetldk ek` gktgrprlsg sibg`uclko systgms

lksteccg` et mdrg tbek 5>> da tbg ketldks prgmlgr bdspltecs. Pbg idmpeky wes eiqulrg` lk

Euoust 6>55 ek` kdw daagrs spgilsti sdcutldks td iclgkts da tbg KgxtOgk Bdspltec Ydcutldks

fuslkgss uklt.

QlePreih Yystgms, CCI `gvgcdps ek` prdvl`gs lkadrmetldk tgibkdcdolgs tbet gkbekig

Gcgitrdkli @ete Lktgribekog (G@L) daagrlkos. QlePreih wes eiqulrg` lk @gigmfgr 6>55 ek`

be` fggk e cdko-tlmg G@L prgagrrg` pertkgr da UYLs wbdccy dwkg` sufsl`lery, KgxtOgk

Bgectbierg. @urlko tbls tlmg, QlePreih `gclvgrg` prdeitlvg, rgclefcg ek` pgrsdkeclzg`

gcgitrdkli icelm sgrvligs td iclgkts ketldkwl`g. QlePreih idktlkugs td suppdrt KgxtOgk

Bgectbiergs emfucetdry iclgkts, wblcg ecsd cgvgreolko lts lkarestruiturg ek` tgibkliec gxpgrtlsg

td daagr aucc G@L sgrvligs td lts lkpetlgkt iclgkts.

LktreKgxus, Lki. daagrs e rekog da lkadrmetldk systgms sgcgitldk, prdigss-lmprdvgmgkt ek`

lmpcgmgktetldk sgrvligs td mdrg tbek 67> bdspltecs eirdss tbg ketldk. Lts wgf-fesg` petlgkt

eiiduktlko pcetadrm idmpcgmgkts dur KgxtOgk Bdspltec Ydcutldks fuslkgss uklt.

Metrlx Mekeogmgkt Ydcutldks, CCIls e vecug-e``g` rgsgccgr adr KgxtOgk Bgectbierg ek`

wes eiqulrg` et tbg dksgt da stsiec 6>59. Metrlx ls gxpgitg` td bgcp gxpek` tbg ordwtb da

KgxtOgk VIM Ygrvligs ek` be` prdvl`g` VIM sgrvligs ek` bgectbierg LP sdcutldks es

Kgxt@@YCeukibg`(6>>>>5>)

LktrekgxusEiqulrg`(6>55)

QlePreihYystgmsEiqulrg`(6>55)

Mgeklkoauc WsgGstefclsbg`

(6>5>)

IUL YdcutldksEiqulrg`(6>55)

MetrlxMekeogmgkt Ydcutldks

Eiqulrg`(6>56)

Pbg ^dsgl`dkOrdup

Eiqulrg`(6>56)

LkpetlgktYdcutldks

Merhgt Gktry6>>


16/13650 | 6>56 E k k u e c V g p d r t

@lcutg` Gerklkos^gr Yberg

>< 5>>2 55 56

$ 5.62

$ 5.>1

$ >.20$ >.25

$ >.?6

Vgvgkugs

(lk mlccldks)

>< 5>>2 55 56

$ 06>2 55 56

Iesb Acdw ardmDpgretldks

(lk mlccldks)$ ?1.2

$ ?>.5

$ 77.6

$ 02.?

$ 09.1

Ecc pgr sberg emdukts bevg fggk rgstetg` adr geib pgrld` prgsgktg` td rgstgit tbg twd-adr-dkg spclt da dur idmmdk stdih gaagitlvg Ditdfgr 6?, 6>55.



UYL idktlkug` td ogkgretg strdko iesb stdws ardm dpgretldks ùrlko stsiec 6>56, rgsuctlko

lk peymgkts da $05 mlccldk lk `lvl`gk`s ek` e iesb ek` merhgtefcg sgiurltlgs pdsltldk da

$5956 vgrsus $55?.? mlccldk dk Merib 95, 6>55.

E Kdtg da Pbekhs

Adr tbg pest sgvgrec ygers, UYL bes iergauccy pcekkg` ek` gxgiutg` td ieplteclzg dk tbg ibekolko

Bgectbierg Lkadrmetldk Pgibkdcdoy (BILP) sgitdr, aurtbgr igmgktlko lts cge`grsblp pdsltldk. Pbls

bes kdt odkg ukrgidoklzg`. Lk aeit, ùrlko stsiec 6>56, verldus tblr` pertlgs eihkdwcgòg` tbg

suiigssgs, ordwtb ek` sustelkg` pgradrmekig da UYL.UYL wes eoelk rekhg` emdko Adrfgsclst da Emgrlies 6>> Fgst Ymecc Idmpeklgs (lmprdvlko

lts pdsltldk geib yger adr tbg pest `gie`g). Pbg Idmpeky wes ecsd lkicu`g` lk Adrfgsclst da tdp

67 aestgst-ordwlko tgib idmpeklgs adr tbg tblr` idksgiutlvg yger.

Aurtbgrmdrg, dur lkkdvetlvg ek` blobcy ettgk`g` ekkuec Wsgrs Ordup Mggtlko gerkg` ek

Emgrliek Fuslkgss Ewer` adr Fgst Lktgrkec Vgidokltldk/Mdtlvetldkec Gvgkt. Pbls mggtlko ettreits

kgercy 7,>>> iclgkts wbd oetbgr td sgg strstbek` tbg cetgst tgibkdcdoliec e`vekigmgkts ardm dur

droeklzetldk ek` cgerk efdut tbg ibekolko aeig da BILP.UYL wes ecsd kemg` Idmpeky da tbg \ger lk tbg Idmputgr Ygrvligs ietgodry fy tbg

Lktgrketldkec Fuslkgss Ewer`s ek` rgiglvg` tbg ^gdpcgs Ibdlig Ewer` adr Aevdrltg Idmputgr

Ygrvligs Idmpeky lk tbet semg idmpgtltldk.

_g erg pcgesg` tbet dur gaadrts, sdcutldks ek` pgradrmekig `d kdt od ukkdtlig`. Pbgsg

eiidce`gs wgrg eiblgvg` es e rgsuct da tbg rgcgktcgss idmmltmgkt da dur mdrg tbek 6,>>>

Uueclty Yystgms ls sbeplko tbg auturg da queclty ierg fy irgetlko

sdcutldks tdèy tbet e``rgss tbg kgg`s da tdmdrrdw. _g erg gktgrlko

e kgw, md`grk gre da bgectbierg `gclvgry wbgrg tgibkdcdoy wlcc pcey

e hgy rdcg lk idccefdretlvg ierg.


18/13651 | 6>56 E k k u e c V g p d r t

Pg UYL gxgiutlvg mekeogmgkt tgem, pliturg` cgat td rlobt: Jemgs J. Yucclvek, Gxgiutlvg Qlig ^rgsl`gkt, Ogkgrec Iduksgc ek`Ygirgtery8 Ybgc`dk Vezlk, Ibelrmek da tbg Fder` ek` Aduk`gr8 êuc E. Bdct, Gxgiutlvg Qlig ^rgsl`gkt ek` Iblga Alkekilec

Digr8 ek`, Ytgvgk . ^cdibdihl, ^rgsl`gkt ek` Iblga Gxgiutlvg Digr.

Ybgc`dk Vezlk

Ibelrmek da tbg Fder` ekÀduk`gr

Ytgvgk P. ^cdibdihl

^rgsl`gkt ekÌblga Gxgiutlvg Dastigr


19/136

WKLPG@ YPEPGYYGIWVLPLGY EK@ GRIBEKOG IDMMLYYLDK

_EYBLKOPDK, @.I. 6>70-H

EKKWEC VG^DVP ^WVYWEKP PD YGIPLDK 59 DV 57(`) DA PBG YGIWVLPLGY GRIBEKOG EIP DA 556

dr

PVEKYLPLDK VG^DVP ^WVYWEKP PD YGIPLDK 59 DV 57(`) DA PBG YGIWVLPLGY GRIBEKOG EIP DA 5>5-5679?

UWECLP\ Y\YPGMY, LKI.(Gxeit kemg da rgolstrekt es spgilalg` lk lts ibertgr)

Iecladrkle >, Lrvlkg, Iecladrkle .>5 êr Qecug KEY@EU Ocdfec Ygcgit MerhgtPltcg da geib icess Kemg da geib gxibekog dk wblib rgolstgrg`

Ygiurltlgs rgolstgrg` pursuekt td Ygitldk 56(o) da tbg Eit:Kdkg

Lk`lietg fy ibgih merh la tbg rgolstrekt ls e wgcc-hkdwk sgesdkg` lssugr, es `galkg` lk Vucg 0>7 da tbgYgiurltlgs Eit. \gs Kd

Lk`lietg fy ibgih merh la tbg rgolstrekt ls kdt rgqulrg` td alcg rgpdrts pursuekt td Ygitldk 59 dr Ygitldk 57(`)da tbg Eit. \gs Kd

Lk`lietg fy ibgih merh wbgtbgr tbg rgolstrekt (5) bes alcg` ecc rgpdrts rgqulrg` td fg alcg` fy Ygitldk 59 dr57(`) da tbg Ygiurltlgs Gxibekog Eit da 57 da Vgoucetldk Y-P

( 696.0>7 da tbls ibeptgr) ùrlko tbg prgig`lko 56 mdktbs (dr adr suib sbdrtgr pgrld` tbet tbg rgolstrekt wesrgqulrg` td sufmlt ek` pdst suib alcgs). \gs Kd

Lk`lietg fy ibgih merh la `lsicdsurg da `gclkqugkt alcgrs pursuekt td Ltgm 0>7 da Vgoucetldk Y-H ( 667 datbls ibeptgr) ls kdt idktelkg` bgrglk, ek` wlcc kdt fg idktelkg`, td tbg fgst da rgolstrekts hkdwcgòg, lk `galkltlvgprdxy dr lkadrmetldk stetgmgkts lkidrpdretg` fy rgagrgkig lk êrt LLL da tbls Adrm 5>-H dr eky emgk`mgkt td tblsAdrm 5>-H.


20/136

Lk`lietg fy ibgih merh wbgtbgr tbg rgolstrekt ls e cerog eiigcgretg` alcgr, ek eiigcgretg` alcgr, ekdk-eiigcgretg` alcgr, dr e smeccgr rgpdrtlko idmpeky. Ygg tbg `galkltldks da cerog eiigcgretg` alcgr,eiigcgretg` alcgr ek` smeccgr rgpdrtlko idmpeky lk Vucg 56f-6 da tbg Gxibekog Eit.

Cerog eiigcgretg` alcgr Eiigcgretg` alcgr Kdk-eiigcgretg` alcgr Ymeccgr rgpdrtlko idmpeky (@d kdt ibgih la e smeccgrrgpdrtlko idmpeky)

Lk`lietg fy ibgih merh wbgtbgr tbg rgolstrekt ls e sbgcc idmpeky (es `galkg` lk Vucg 56f-6 da tbgEit). \gs Kd

Pbg eoorgoetg merhgt vecug da tbg vdtlko stdih bgc` fy kdk-eaalcletgs da tbg Vgolstrekt es da Ygptgmfgr 9>,6>55: $5,,00>> (fesg` dk tbg icdslko secgs prlig da tbg Vgolstrekts idmmdk stdih es rgpdrtg` dktbg KEY@EU Ocdfec Ygcgit Merhgt dk tbet `etg da $02.7> pgr sberg).*

Pbg Vgolstrekt bes kd kdk-vdtlko idmmdk gqulty.

Pbg kumfgr da dutstek`lko sbergs da tbg Vgolstrekts idmmdk stdih es da Mey 65, 6>56 wes 77 da tbg Ygiurltlgs Eit da 556 ekkuec mggtlko da sbergbdc`grs erglkidrpdretg` fy rgagrgkig lktd ^ert LLL.


21/136

UWECLP\ Y\YPGMY, LKI.PEFCG DA IDKPGKPY

6>56 Ekkuec Vgpdrt dk Adrm 5>-H

Ltgm êog

êrt LLtgm 5. Fuslkgss 0

Ltgm 5E. Vlsh Aeitdrs 51

Ltgm 5F. Wkrgsdcvg` Yteaa Idmmgkts 96

Ltgm 6. ^rdpgrtlgs 96

Ltgm 9. Cgoec rdigg`lkos 96

Ltgm 0. Mlkg ek` Yeagty @lsicdsurgs 96

êrt LL

Ltgm 7. Merhgt adr Vgolstrekts Idmmdk Gqulty, Vgcetg` Ytdihbdc`gr Mettgrs ek` Lssugr

ûribesgs da Gqulty Ygiurltlgs 96

Ltgm 1. Ygcgitg` Alkekilec @ete 91

Ltgm ?. Mekeogmgkts @lsiussldk ek` Ekecysls da Alkekilec Idk`ltldk ek` Vgsucts daDpgretldks 9?

Ltgm ?E. Uuektltetlvg ek` Uuecltetlvg @lsicdsurgs efdut Merhgt Vlshs 17

Ltgm 2. Alkekilec Ytetgmgkts ek` Yuppcgmgktery @ete 17

Ltgm


22/136

IEWPLDKEV\ YPEPGMGKP

Pbls Ekkuec Vgpdrt dk Adrm 5>-H (tbls Vgpdrt) ek` igrtelk lkadrmetldk lkidrpdretg` bgrglk fyrgagrgkig idktelk adrwer`-cddhlko stetgmgkts wltblk tbg seag berfdr prdvlsldks da tbg ^rlvetg YgiurltlgsCltloetldk Vgadrm Eit da 5


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Pbg Idmpeky wes aduk`g` wltb ek gercy adius dk prdvl`lko lkadrmetldk systgms td `gktec orduppreitligs. Pbls adius erge wduc` cetgr fgidmg tbg UYL @gktec @lvlsldk. Lk tbg ml`-5s, wg ieplteclzg`dk tbg lkirgeslko adius dk mg`liec idst idktelkmgkt ek` aurtbgr gxpek`g` dur lkadrmetldk prdigsslkosystgms td sgrvg tbg mg`liec merhgt. Lk tbg ml`-555, UYLB wes adrmg` lk Fekoecdrg, Lk`le td aukitldk es dur Lk`le-fesg` ieptlvg tddaasbdrg tgibkdcdoy eppclietldk `gvgcdpmgkt ek` fuslkgss prdigsslko sgrvligs. Es da Merib 95, 6>56,wg be` 597 aucc tlmg gmpcdyggs lk dur Fekoecdrg aeilclty prlmerlcy gkoeog` lk sdatwerg `gvgcdpmgkt

ek` queclty essurekig eitlvltlgs._g idktlkug td pursug prd`uit ek` sgrvlig gkbekigmgkt lkltletlvgs wltblk geib da dur @lvlsldks. Pbg

mejdrlty da suib gxpgk`lturgs erg iurrgktcy terogtg` td tbg KgxtOgk @lvlsldk prd`uit clkg ek` iclgktfesg.

Pbg adccdwlko tefcg frgehs `dwk dur rgpdrtg` sgomgkt rgvgkug ek` sgomgkt rgvgkug ordwtb fy@lvlsldk adr tbg alsiec ygers gk`g` Merib 95, 6>56, 6>55 ek` 6>5>:

Ygomgkt Vgvgkug Frgeh`dwkAlsiec \ger Gk`g` Merib 95,

Ygomgkt Vgvgkug OrdwtbAlsiec \ger Gk`g` Merib 95,

6>56 6>55 6>5> 6>56 6>55 6>5>

UYL @gktec @lvlsldk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1% 7.?% 7.% % 5>>.>% 5>>.>% 65.1% 65.5% 52.55, LktreKgxus, Lki. (LktreKgxus) lk Eprlc 6>55, Dpus lkAgfruery 6>5> ek` Ypbgrg Bgectb Yystgms, Lki. (Ypbgrg) lk Euoust 6>>


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UYL @gktec @lvlsldk. Pbg UYL @gktec @lvlsldk, id-cdietg` wltb dur idrpdretg bge`quertgrs lk Lrvlkg,Iecladrkle, adiusgs dk `gvgcdplko, merhgtlko ek` suppdrtlko sdatwerg sultgs sdc` td `gktec droeklzetldkscdietg` tbrduobdut tbg Wkltg` Ytetgs. Lk e``ltldk, tbg UYL @gktec @lvlsldk suppdrts e ordwlko kumfgr da`gktec droeklzetldks uslko lts Ydatwerg es e Ygrvlig (YeeY) md`gc-fesg` alkekilec ek` iclkliecsdatwerg, es wgcc es e kumfgr da mg`liec iclgkts tbet usg tbg UYL @gktec @lvlsldks WKLR -fesg` cgoeiymg`liec preitlig mekeogmgkt sdatwerg prdùit. Pbls YeeY sdatwerg, adrmgrcy ieccg` Kgxt@@Y, besuk`grodkg e kemg ibekog ek` ls kdw UYL@gktec _gf. Pbg kemg ibekog wes uk`grtehgk td olvg

tbg prdùit strdkogr l`gktlalietldk lk tbg merhgtpceig es e wgf-fesg` sdcutldk.Lk Jucy 6>>5>, rgsgrvg`$55 flccldk dvgr e muctl-yger pgrld` adr AUBIs, irgetlko ukprgig`gktg` dppdrtukltlgs adr AUBIs ordwtbek` tbg adrmetldk da kgw AUBIs. _bgk idmflkg` ek` usg` lk tek`gm, KgxtOgk Emfucetdry GBV,KgxtOgk Gcgitrdkli @gktec Vgidr` ek` KgxtOgk ^reitlig Mekeogmgkt prdvl`gs e uklqug prdùit lk tblsmerhgtpceig ek lktgoretg` petlgkt rgidr` eiigsslfcg fy fdtb pbyslileks ek` `gktlsts.

Pbg UYL @gktec @lvlsldks cgoeiy preitlig mekeogmgkt sdatwerg sultg usgs e WKLR dpgretlkosystgm. Lts Iclkliec ^rdùit Yultg (I^Y) iek fg auccy lktgoretg` wltb tbg iclgkt sgrvgr-fesg` preitligmekeogmgkt sdatwerg daagrg` ardm geib da dur @lvlsldks. _bgk lktgoretg` ek` `gclvgrg` wltb tbgKgxtOgk Bgectbierg preitlig mekeogmgkt sdcutldk, I^Y ls rg-frek`g` es KgxtOgk G@V (Gcgitrdkli@gktec Vgidr ). I^Y/G@V lkidrpdretgs e wl`g rekog da iclkliec tddcs lkicu lko, fut kdt clmltg` td,

pgrld`dktec ibertlko ek` `loltec lmeolko da R-rey ek` lktgr-drec iemgre lmeogs es pert da tbg gcgitrdklipetlgkt rgidr`. Pbg UYL @gktec @lvlsldk ecsd `gvgcdps, merhgts, ek` prdvl`gs G@L sgrvligs td `gktecpreitligs, lkicu`lko gcgitrdkli sufmlssldk da icelms td lksurekig prdvl`grs es wgcc es eutdmetg` petlgktstetgmgkts. Dk Kdvgmfgr 50, 6>55, tbg Idmpeky eiqulrg` QlePreih, e `gvgcdpgr ek` prdvl`gr dalkadrmetldk tgibkdcdolgs tbet gkbekig G@L daagrlkos, td lkidrpdretg lktd tbg UYL @gktec @lvlsldk. _gfgclgvg tbet sloklaliekt dppdrtukltlgs gxlst td e`` G@L sgrvligs td dur pdrtadcld da sgrvlig daagrlkos lk tbg`gktec ek` IBI merhgt ek` QlePreih wlcc prdvl`g e pcetadrm td pursug tbls dppdrtuklty.

KgxtOgk @lvlsldk. Pbg KgxtOgk @lvlsldk, wltb bge`quertgrs lk Bdrsbem, ^gkksycvekle ek` esloklaliekt cdietldk lk Etcekte, Ogdrole, prdvl`gs lktgoretg` iclkliec, alkekilec ek` idkkgitlvlty sdcutldksadr emfucetdry ek` `gktec prdvl`gr droeklzetldks. Pbg KgxtOgk @lvlsldks mejdr prdùit ietgodrlgslkicu`g tbg KgxtOgk Emfucetdry prdùit sultg ek` KgxtOgk Idmmuklty Idkkgitlvlty.

Pbg KgxtOgk Emfucetdry prdùit sultg strgemclkgs petlgkt ierg wltb stekèr`lzg`, rgec-tlmg iclkliecek` e`mlklstretlvg wdrhacdws wltblk e pbyslileks preitlig, ek` idkslsts da:

KgxtOgk Emfucetdry Gcgitrdkli Bgectb Vgidr`s (GBV) td gksurg idmpcgtg, eiiuretg`diumgktetldk td mekeog petlgkt ierg gcgitrdklieccy ek` td lmprdvg iclkliec prdigssgs ek`petlgkt dutidmgs wltb gcgitrdkli ibertlko et tbg pdlkt da ierg8

KgxtOgk ^reitlig Mekeogmgkt (^M) td eutdmetg fuslkgss prdigssgs, ardm ardkt-gk` sibgùclkotd feih-gk` idccgitldks ek` alkekilec ek` e`mlklstretlvg prdigssgs adr lkirgesg` pgradrmekig ek`gaalilgkilgs8

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KgxtOgk @esbfder`, wblib eccdws prdvl`grs td vlgw petlgkt ète lk e vlsueccy rlib orepbliecadrmet. Wslko fer iberts, plg iberts, oeuogs ek` mdrg, tbg systgm `lspceys lkadrmetldk et tbgpreitlig dr slkocg prdvl`gr cgvgc8

KgxtOgk Mdflcg, wblib lmprdvgs petlgkt ierg tbrduob ekytlmg, ekywbgrg eiigss da petlgkt ète.Lk e``ltldk, KgxtOgk Mdflcg bes tbg iepeflclty td lkirgesg rgvgkug fy geslcy iepturlko iberogset tbg pdlkt da ierg rgsuctlko lk pdtgktlec rgùitldk da mg`liec cleflclty tbrduob fgttgr

`diumgktetldk da dut-da-daalig eitldks8 ek` KgxtOgk Kgxt gk (Kgxt gk), wblib ls e rgvdcutldkery `loltec pgk tbet qulihcy iepturgs

mekueccy-gktgrg` ète lktd KgxtOgk Emfucetdry GBV. Kgxt^gk iepturgs struiturg` ète ekòrepbli `rewlkos es pert da tbg petlgkt rgidr` wltbdut siekklko dr treksirlptldk. Pbls tgibkdcdoyrgqulrgs kd cgerklko iurvg adr e`dptldk.

KgxtOgk Idmmuklty Idkkgitlvlty idkslsts da:

KgxtOgk Bgectb Lkadrmetldk Gxibekog (BLG) td gxibekog petlgkt ète sgiurgcy wltb idmmukltybgectbierg droeklzetldks8

KgxtOgk êtlgkt ^drtec ([email protected]) td idmmuklietg wltb petlgkts dkclkg ek` lmpdrtlkadrmetldk `lrgitcy lktd KgxtOgk Emfucetdry GBV8 ek`

KgxtOgk Bgectb Uueclty Mgesurgs (BUM) td eccdw sgemcgss queclty mgesurgmgkt ek` rgpdrtlkoadr preitlig ek` pbyslilek pgradrmekig lkltletlvgs.

Pbg KgxtOgk @lvlsldk prdùits utlclzg Mlirdsdat _lk`dws tgibkdcdoy ek` iek dpgretg lk e iclgkt-sgrvgr gkvlrdkmgkt es wgcc es vle prlvetg lktrekgt, tbg Lktgrkgt, dr lk ek EY^ gkvlrdkmgkt.

Ygrvligs prdvl`g` fy tbg KgxtOgk @lvlsldk lkicu`g:

G@L sgrvligs tbet erg lktgk`g` td eutdmetg tbg gktlrg petlgkt stetgmgkt prdigss, rgùilko cefdrek` prlktlko idsts essdiletg` wltb prdùilko stetgmgkts lk-bdusg. Lk e` ltldk, tbg KgxtOgk@lvlsldks G@L wdrhs wltb tbg mdst lkkdvetlvg icgerlkobdusgs td treksadrm gcgitrdkli icelmssufmlssldks lktd peymgkts8

Bdstlko sgrvligs tbet eccdw preitligs sgghlko tbg fgkgalts da LP eutdmetldk wltbdut tbg fur`gk da

melktelklko lk-bdusg ber`werg ek` kgtwdrhlko8 KgxtOuer`, e ète prdtgitldk sgrvligs tbet prdvl`gs ek daa-sltg, ète eriblvlko, rgstdretldk ek`

`lsestgr rgidvgry prgperg`kgss sdcutldk adr preitligs td prdtgit iclkliec ek` alkekilec ète8 ek`

Idksuctlko sgrvligs prdvl`g` fy tbg KgxtOgk @lvlsldk lkicu`g:

Ytretgoli odvgrkekig md`gcs ek` dpgretldkec treksadrmetldk8

Pgibkliec idksuctlko, suib es ète idkvgrsldks dr lktgraeig `gvgcdpmgkt, wblib eccdw preitligs tdfulc` iustdm e``-dk ageturgs8

^byslilek idksuctlko rgsdurigs tbet eccdw preitligs td idksuct wltb tbg KgxtOgk @lvlsldkspbyslilek tgem8 ek`

GBgectb idksuctlko sgrvligs tbet esslst lk idkkgitlko idmmukltlgs da preitligs adr ète sberlko.Bdspltec Ydcutldks @lvlsldk. Pbg Bdspltec Ydcutldks @lvlsldk, wltb lts prlmery cdietldk lk Eustlk,

Pgxes, prdvl`gs lktgoretg` iclkliec, alkekilec ek` idkkgitlvlty sdcutldks adr rurec ek` idmmuklty bdspltecs.Pbls Bdspltec Ydcutldks @lvlsldk ecsd `gvgcdps ek` merhgts ek gqulvecgkt preitlig mekeogmgkt sdatwergprdùit adr tbg smecc bdspltec merhgt, wblib pgradrms tbg e`mlklstretlvg aukitldks rgqulrg` adr dpgretlkoe smecc bdspltec.

Lk tbg cest agw ygers, wg bevg idktlkug` td eiqulrg idmpeklgs tbet wgrg gstefclsbg` `gvgcdpgrs dasdatwerg ek` sgrvligs adr tbg lkpetlgkt merhgt td dpgretg uk`gr tbg Bdspltec Ydcutldks @lvlsldk. Dk

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Mey 5, 6>56, wg eiqulrg` Pbg ^dsgl`dk Ordup, e prdvl`gr da gmgrogkiy `gpertmgkt sdatwerg. DkJucy 61, 6>55, wg eiqulrg` IUL, e prdvl`gr da bdspltec systgms adr surogry mekeogmgkt. Dk Eprlc 655, wg eiqulrg` LktreKgxus, e prdvl`gr da _gf-fesg` lktgoretg` iclkliec ek` bdspltec lkadrmetldksystgms. Dk Agfruery 5>, 6>5>, wg eiqulrg` Dpus, e prdvl`gr da _gf-fesg` iclkliec sdcutldks tdbdspltec systgms ek` lktgoretg` bgectb kgtwdrhs ketldkwl`g. Ek` dk Euoust 56, 6>> pcetadrm, ek` ls`gslokg` td lkltletg wl`gsprge` wdrh gaalilgkiy ek` idmmuklietldk, rgùig grrdrs, tlmg-td-ibert,ek` lmprdvg ierg.

KgxtOgk Lkpetlgkt Alkekilecs, e alkekilec ek` e`mlklstretlvg systgm tbet bgcps bdspltecs lmprdvgtbg dpgretldks ek` alkekilec ek` rgoucetdry mekeogmgkt da tbglr aeilcltlgs.

KgxtOgk Gktgrprlsg Yibgùclko, e systgm `gslokg` td prdvl`g bdspltec-wl`g, idkaclit-argg petlgktsibgùclko adr geslgr, mdrg gaalilgkt petlgkt, rgsdurig, ek` steaa mekeogmgkt.

KgxtOgk Yuroliec Mekeogmgkt, e systgm `gslokg` td bgcp bdspltecs dptlmlzg DV tbrduobput,queclty, gaalilgkiy, petlgkt seagty, rgvgkug, ek` idmpclekig.

VIM Ygrvligs @lvlsldk. Pbg VIM Ygrvligs @lvlsldk, wltb cdietldks lk Yt. Cduls, Mlssdurl ek` BuktQeccgy, Merycek`, prdvl`gs tgibkdcdoy sdcutldks ek` idksuctlko sgrvligs td idvgr tbg aucc spgitrum dabgectbierg prdvl`grs VIM kgg`s, ardm petlgkt eiigss tbrduob icelms `gklecs, wltb e prlmery adius dkflcclko ek` idccgitldk sgrvligs. Pbg VIM Ygrvligs @lvlsldk idmflkgs e _gf-`gclvgrg` YeeY md`gc ek`tbg KgxtOgkpm sdatwerg pcetadrm td gxgiutg lts sgrvlig daagrlkos. Gxgiutldk da tbg pcek td treksltldk duriclgkt fesg dktd tbg KgxtOgk pcetadrm ls fglko lmpcgmgktg`.

Lkùstry Feihorduk`

Pbg turfucgkig lk tbg wdrc`wl`g gidkdmy bes lmpeitg` ecmdst ecc lkùstrlgs. _blcg bgectbierg ls

kdt lmmukg td gidkdmli iyicgs, wg fgclgvg lt ls mdrg rgslclgkt tbek mdst sgomgkts da tbg gidkdmy. Pbglmpeit da tbg iurrgkt gidkdmli idk`ltldks dk dur gxlstlko ek` prdspgitlvg iclgkts bes fggk mlxg`. _blcgwg idktlkug td sgg droeklzetldks tbet erg `dlko aelrcy wgcc dpgretldkeccy, sdmg droeklzetldks, gspgileccytbdsg wltb e cerog `gpgk`gkiy dk Mg liel` pdpucetldks, bevg fggk lmpeitg` fy tbg ibeccgkolkoalkekilec idk`ltldks aeig` fy meky stetg odvgrkmgkts. Dkg aeitdr tbet ls ektlilpetg` td bevg e pdsltlvglmpeit dk tbg W.Y. bgectbierg lkùstry ls tbg Dfeme E`mlklstretldks frde` bgectbierg rgadrm gaadrts.Pbg Emgrliek Vgidvgry ek` Vglkvgstmgkt Eit (tbg EVVE), wblib wes gkeitg` dk Agfruery 5?, 6>> flccldk lk auk`lko td bgcp bgectbierg droeklzetldks md`grklzg dpgretldkstbrduob tbg eiqulsltldk da bgectb ierg lkadrmetldk tgibkdcdoy. @urlko tbg quertgr gk`g` Ygptgmfgr 9>,6>5>, tbg Igrtlalietldk Idmmlssldk adr Bgectb Lkadrmetldk Pgibkdcdoy (IIBLP), e kdk-prdaltdroeklzetldk rgidoklzg` fy tbg Daalig da tbg Ketldkec Iddr`lketdr adr Bgectb Lkadrmetldk Pgibkdcdoy esek epprdvg` Eutbdrlzg` Pgstlko ek` Igrtlalietldk Fd`y, ekkdukig` tbet dur GBV sdcutldk ls igrtlalg` es

e Idmpcgtg GBV ek` ls 6>55/6>56 idmpclekt. Pbls igrtlalietldk wes pertliucercy tlmgcy, adccdwlko tbggstefclsbmgkt da tbg Yteog 5 Mgeklkoauc Wsg `galkltldk irltgrle uk`gr tbg EVVE, wblib wes ekkdukig` lkJucy 6>5>. Pbg idktlkulko icerlalietldk da tbg ukigrtelktlgs surrduk`lko tbg Mgeklkoauc Wsg `galkltldk bespdsltlvgcy lmpeitg` tbg bgectbierg lkadrmetldk tgibkdcdoy lkùstry, ek` wg fgclgvg wg erg wgccpdsltldkg` td el` pbyslileks ek` bdspltecs wltb tbglr GBV `gilsldks es tbgy prgperg td mehg lkigktlvg-fesg` puribesgs.

Mdrgdvgr, td idmpgtg lk tbg idktlkueccy ibekolko bgectbierg gkvlrdkmgkt, prdvl`grs erglkirgeslkocy uslko tgibkdcdoy td bgcp mexlmlzg tbg gaalilgkiy da tbglr fuslkgss preitligs, td esslst lkgkbekilko petlgkt ierg, ek` td melktelk tbg prlveiy da petlgkt lkadrmetldk.

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Es tbg rglmfursgmgkt gkvlrdkmgkt idktlkugs td gvdcvg, mdrg bgectbierg prdvl`grs gktgr lktdidktreits, datgk wltb muctlpcg gktltlgs, wblib `galkg tbg tgrms uk`gr wblib ierg ls e`mlklstgrg` ek` pel`.Pbg `lvgrslty da peydr droeklzetldks, es wgcc es e` ltldkec odvgrkmgkt rgoucetldk ek` ibekogs lkrglmfursgmgkt md`gcs, bevg orgetcy lkirgesg` tbg idmpcgxlty da prlilko, flcclko, rglmfursgmgkt ek`rgidr s mekeogmgkt adr mg liec ek` `gktec preitligs. Pd dpgretg gaagitlvgcy, bgectbierg prdvl`grdroeklzetldks must gaalilgktcy mekeog petlgkt ierg ek` dtbgr lkadrmetldk ek` wdrhacdw prdigssgs, wbliblkirgeslkocy gxtgk` eirdss muctlpcg cdietldks, `lsperetg systgms, ek` fuslkgss gktltlgs.

Lk rgspdksg, bgectbierg prdvl`gr droeklzetldks bevg pceig` lkirgeslko `gmek`s dk tbglrlkadrmetldk systgms. Lkltleccy, tbgsg lkadrmetldk systgms eutdmetg` alkekilec ek` e`mlklstretlvg aukitldks.Es lt fgiemg kgigssery td mekeog petlgkt acdw prdigssgs, tbg kgg` erdsg td lktgoretg feih-daalig ètewltb suib iclkliec lkadrmetldk es petlgkt tgst rgsucts ek` daalig vlslts. _g fgclgvg lkadrmetldk systgms mustaeilcltetg mekeogmgkt da petlgkt lkadrmetldk lkidrpdretlko e`mlklstretlvg, alkekilec ek` iclklieclkadrmetldk ardm muctlpcg gktltlgs. Lk e` ltldk, cerog bgectbierg droeklzetldks lkirgeslkocy rgqulrglkadrmetldk systgms tbet iek `gclvgr blob pgradrmekig lk gkvlrdkmgkts wltb muctlpcg idkiurrgkt idmputgrusgrs.

Meky gxlstlko bgectbierg lkadrmetldk systgms wgrg `gslokg` adr clmltg` e`mlklstretlvg teshs suib esflcclko ek` sibgùclko ek` iek kgltbgr eiidmmdètg muctlpcg idmputlko gkvlrdkmgkts kdr dpgretggaagitlvgcy eirdss muctlpcg cdietldks ek` gktltlgs. _g fgclgvg tbet preitligs tbet cgvgreog tgibkdcdoy td

mdrg gaalilgktcy bek`cg petlgkt iclkliec ète es wgcc es e`mlklstretlvg, alkekilec ek` dtbgr preitligmekeogmgkt ète wlcc fg fgst efcg td gkbekig petlgkt acdw, pursug idst gaalilgkilgs ek` lmprdvg quecltyda ierg. Es bgectbierg droeklzetldks treksltldk td kgw idmputgr pcetadrms ek` kgwgr tgibkdcdolgs, wgfgclgvg suib droeklzetldks wlcc fg mloretlko tdwer tbg lmpcgmgktetldk da gktgrprlsg-wl`g, petlgkt-igktrli idmputlko systgms gmfg``g` wltb eutdmetg` iclkliec petlgkt rgidr`s. Dk Eprlc 57, 6>56, wgeiqulrg` Metrlx Mekeogmgkt Ydcutldks (Metrlx). Ylkig 5


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@gktec @lvlsldk td tbg adrgardkt da tbg gmgrogkig da Lktgrkgt-fesg` eppclietldks ek` icdu` idmputlko ek`rgprgsgkts e sloklaliekt ordwtb dppdrtuklty adr us td sgcc td fdtb dur gxlstlko iclgkt fesg ek` kgw iclgkts.

Lk e``ltldk td tbg YeeY iclkliec daagrlko, UYLs `gktec ibertlko sdatwerg systgm, hkdwk es tbgIclkliec ^rdùit Yultg (I^Y), prdvl`gs e idmprgbgkslvg sdcutldk `gslokg` spgilalieccy adr tbg `gktecordup preitlig gkvlrdkmgkt. I^Y lktgoretgs UYLs `gktec preitlig mekeogmgkt prdùit wltb e idmputgr-fesg` iclkliec lkadrmetldk systgm tbet lkidrpdretgs e wl`g rekog da iclkliec tddcs, lkicu`lko gcgitrdkli

ibertlko da `gktec prdigùrgs, trgetmgkt pcekklko, gxlstlko idk`ltldks, pgrld`dktec ibertlko vle clobt-pgk,vdlig-eitlvetldk dr hgyfder` gktry adr aucc pgrld`dktec gxemlketldks ek` ^YV sidrlko. Lk e``ltldk, `lolteclmeolko da R-rey ek` lktre-drec iemgre lmeogs, idmputgr-fesg` petlgkt gùietldk mdùcgs erg vlgwefcgibelr-sl`g td gkbekig iesg prgsgktetldk, aucc eiigss td petlgkt lkadrmetldk, trgetmgkt pceks ek` lksurekigpceks vle e auccy lktgoretg` lktgraeig wltb dur `gktec preitlig mekeogmgkt prdùit. Ecc tbls ls suppdrtg`fy `diumgkt ek` lmeog siekklko adr `loltec stdreog ek` clkheog td tbg gcgitrdkli petlgkt rgidr`.

Pbg rgsuct ls e idmprgbgkslvg iclkliec lkadrmetldk mekeogmgkt systgm tbet bgcps preitligs sevg tlmg,rgùig idsts, lmprdvg iesg prgsgktetldk ek` gkbekig tbg `gclvgry da `gktec sgrvligs ek` queclty da ierg.Iclkliec lkadrmetldk ls mekeog` ek` melktelkg` gcgitrdklieccy, tbus adrmlko ek gcgitrdkli petlgkt rgidr`tbet eccdws adr tbg lmpcgmgktetldk da tbg ibertcgss daalig.

I^Y lkidrpdretgs _lk`dws-fesg` iclgkt-sgrvgr tgibkdcdoy idkslstlko da dkg dr mdrg alcg sgrvgrs ek`ls siecefcg ardm dkg td tbdusek`s da wdrhstetldks. Pbg ber`werg idmpdkgkts, lkicu`lko tbg rgqulsltg

dpgretlko systgm cligksgs, erg puribesg` ardm tblr` perty mekuaeiturgrs dr `lstrlfutdrs gltbgr `lrgitcy fytbg iclgkt dr fy us adr rgsecg td tbg iustdmgr.

Bdspltec Ydcutldks. Pbg Bdspltec Ydcutldks @lvlsldk prdvl`gs iclkliec, alkekilec, gktgrprlsgsibgùclko, surogry mekeogmgkt ek` GBV-rgcetg` eppclietldks ek` sgrvligs td prdvl g vecug fesg`sdcutldks adr rurec, idmmuklty ek` spgilecty bdspltecs. Pbgsg sdcutldks erg `gslokg` td bgcp lmprdvgpetlgkt seagty, eutdmetg dr`gr gktry ek` aeilcltetg rgec-tlmg idmmuklietldk da petlgkt lkadrmetldktbrduobdut tbg bdspltec ek` eirdss tbg petlgkt ierg idktlkuum. Pbg Lkpetlgkt sdcutldks erg blobcysiecefcg, sgiurg ek` gesy td usg wltb e _gf 6.>-fesg` iclkliec idmpdkgkt tbet cgvgreogs aucc icduìdmputlko iepeflcltlgs. Hgy Lkpetlgkt prdùits idkslst da:

KgxtOgk Lkpetlgkt Iclkliecse sultg da IIBLP DKI 6>55-igrtlalg` sdcutldks fesg` dk e siecefcg,sgiurg ek` wgf-fesg` gktgrprlsg pcetadrm tbet cgvgreogs mdflcg ek` icdu` idmputlko tgibkdcdoy.

Iclklileks iek gktgr ek` rgtrlgvg rgcgvekt lkpetlgkt iclkliec lkadrmetldk (petlgkt vltecs, cef rgsucts,eccgrolgs, mg lietldks, ek` lmeolko rgsucts) ardm fg sl`g dr rgmdtg cdietldks. KgxtOgk LkpetlgktIclkliecs I^DG, Iclkliec @diumgktetldk, ek` Iclkliec @gilsldk suppdrt iepeflcltlgs ek` bgcp gkefcgbdspltecs td eiblgvg Yteog 5 tbrduob Yteog 0 e`dptldk adr EVVE mgeklkoauc usg rglmfursgmgkt ek` tbgBLMYY GMV E`dptldk Md`gc.

KgxtOgk Lkpetlgkt Alkekilecse alkekilec ek` e`mlklstretlvg systgm tbet bgcps bdspltecs strgemclkgdpgretldks ek` lmprdvg alkekilec ek` rgoucetdry mekeogmgkt da tbglr aeilcltlgs. Pbg systgm ls `gslokg`td eutdmetg ek` idksdclètg alkekilecs prdigssgs et slkocg dr muctlpcg aeilcltlgs, lkicu`lko irltliec eiigss,rurec idmmuklty ek` spgilecty bdspltecs ek` pbyslilek daaligs. KgxtOgk Lkpetlgkt Alkekilecs usgs eidmmdk petlgkt ètefesg ek` idmmuklty-fesg` mestgr petlgkt lk`gx. Lt ls `gslokg` td bgcp dptlmlzgrgvgkug mekeogmgkt ek` icelms rgsucts.

KgxtOgk

Gktgrprlsg Yibgùclkoe systgm `gslokg` td prdvl`g bdspltec-wl`g, idkaclit-argg petlgktsibgùclko adr geslgr, mdrg gaalilgkt petlgkt, rgsdurig, ek` steaa mekeogmgkt. Lt iek fg usg` es e slkocgmdùcg dr lktgoretg` wltb eky idmflketldk da KgxtOgk Lkpetlgkt Iclkliec Eppclietldks. Lt ls `gslokg`sd tbet, wbgtbgr usg` es e slkocg mdùcg dr lktgoretg` wltb iclkliec eppclietldks, bdspltec dpgretldks iekfgkgalt wltb fgttgr usg da rgsdurigs adr lkirgesg` iepeilty ek` petlgkt tbrduobput.

KgxtOgk Yuroliec Mekeogmgkte systgm `gslokg` td bgcp bdspltecs dptlmlzg DV tbrduobput,queclty, gaalilgkiy, petlgkt seagty, rgvgkug, ek` idmpclekig. @gtelcg` rgpdrtlko prdvl`gs surogry `lrgitdrs

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ek` bdspltec e`mlklstretdrs wltb lkadrmetldk td alkg tukg suroliec prdigssgs, qulihcy l`gktlay iesgs wbgrgidsts bevg gxigg`g` e kdrmec rekog, ek` lmprdvg usg da prgildus DV rgsdurigs. Bl``gk suroliecprdigùrg idst `rlvgrs iek fg l`gktlalg` ek` gclmlketg`. Pbg systgm ecsd bgcps gksurg idmpclekig wltbYuroliec Ierg Lmprdvgmgkt ^rdjgit (YIL^) ek` Ketldkec Bgectbierg Yeagty Kgtwdrh (KBYK) rgpdrtlkorgqulrgmgkts.

Vgvgkug Iyicg Mekeogmgkt Ygrvligs. VIM Ygrvligs @lvlsldk pertkgrs wltb prlvetg ek` bdspltec-

fesg` pbyslileks ek` ordups td mexlmlzg tbglr usg da tbg KgxtOgk

prdùit sultg wltb fgst preitlig,iustdmlzefcg VIM sgrvligs lk dr`gr td bgcp tbgm dptlmlzg rgvgkug, fgttgr cgvgreog eutdmetldk, ek` bgcptbgm adius dk preitlilko mg`lilkg. VIM sgrvligs iepeflcltlgs lkicu`g:

Flcclko ek` IdccgitldksE rdfust sgt da lktgrkec idktrdcs, ibgihs ek` fecekigs, eu`lts ek` rgpdrtsgksurgs eiiureiy ek` e``rgssgs tbg gktlrg rgvgkug iyicg: ardm petlgkt rgolstretldk ek` iberog iepturg,td icelm sufmlssldk, peymgkt pdstlko ek` eiidukts rgiglvefcg mekeogmgkt.

Gcgitrdkli Icelms YufmlssldkPbgsg sgrvligs ogkgretg BLÊE-idmpclekt lksurekig trekseitldks tdsufmlt iclgkt lksurekig icelms gcgitrdklieccy td lksurekig peygrs ketldkwl`g. Dur sdcutldks suppdrt tbgIMY-57>>, WF->0 ek` E@E @gktec Icelm Adrms ek` ecsd eiidmmdètg prdprlgtery icelm adrmets.

Gcgitrdkli Vgmlttekig & êymgkt ^dstlkoPbgsg sgrvligs bgcp gksurg peymgkts erg pdstgèiiuretgcy ek` prdmptcy. Wslko tbg KgxtOgk @diumgkt Mekeogmgkt, wg clkh ek lmeog da geib

gxpceketldk da fgkgalt (GDF) td tbg idrrgspdk`lko gkiduktgr et tbg tlmg da peymgkt pdstlko tdmlklmlzg tbg kgg` adr stdreog da pepgr GDFs. Pbg sgrvligs ecsd usg gcgitrdkli rgmlttekig ek` `lolteccdihfdxgs td pdst peymgkts ek` iepturg spgilali `gklec lkadrmetldk adr mekeogmgkt ek` treihlko.

Eiidukts Vgiglvefcg Adccdw-WpEk eiidukts rgiglvefcg mekeogmgkt mgtbd`dcdoy `gslokg` lkiddpgretldk wltb dur iclgkts bgcps gstefclsb jdlkt adccdw-up peremgtgrs, e`justmgkt rucgs, stekèr`s adreiidukt gcgvetldk, es wgcc es iustdmlzg` adccdw-up eitlvltlgs.

Gxpgrtlsg ek` YuppdrtDur tgem da gxpgrts idkslsts da ekecysts, flcclko ek` id`lko spgileclsts,eu`ltdrs, iustdmgr sgrvlig prdagssldkecs, ek` eiidukt mekeogrs ecc wdrhlko adr dur iclgkts td ekswgrpetlgkts flcclko qugstldks, mdkltdr VIM pgradrmekig ek` trgk`s, ek` l`gktlay dppdrtukltlgs adrlmprdvgmgkt ek` lkirgesg` idccgitldks.

Gcgitrdkli @ete Lktgribekog. _g mehg evelcefcg G@L iepeflcltlgs ek` idkkgitlvlty sgrvligs td dur

iclgkts. Pbg G@L/idkkgitlvlty iepeflcltlgs gkidmpess `lrgit lktgraeigs fgtwggk dur prdùits ek` gxtgrkectblr` perty systgms, es wgcc es trekseitldk-fesg` sgrvligs.

G@L prdùits erg lktgk`g` td eutdmetg e kumfgr da mekuec, datgk pepgr-fesg` dr tgcgpbdky lktgkslvgidmmuklietldks fgtwggk petlgkts ek`/dr prdvl`grs ek`/dr peydrs. Pwd da tbg mdrg idmmdk G@L sgrvligserg adrwer`lko lksurekig icelms gcgitrdklieccy ardm prdvl`grs td peygrs ek` esslstlko preitligs wltb lssulkostetgmgkts td petlgkts. Mdst iclgkt preitligs utlclzg et cgest sdmg da tbgsg sgrvligs ardm us dr dkg da duridmpgtltdrs. Dtbgr G@L/idkkgitlvlty sgrvligs erg usg` mdrg spdre`lieccy fy iclgkt preitligs. _g typlieccyidmpgtg td `lspceig lkiumfgkt vgk`drs adr icelms ek` stetgmgkts eiidukts ek` ettgmpt td lkirgesg useog dadtbgr gcgmgkts lk dur G@L/idkkgitlvlty prdùit clkg. Lk ogkgrec, G@L sgrvligs erg dkcy sdc` td tbdsg eiiduktsutlclzlko sdatwerg ardm gltbgr tbg UYL @gktec dr KgxtOgk @lvlsldks. Dk Kdvgmfgr 50, 6>55, tbg Idmpekyeiqulrg` QlePreih, e `gvgcdpgr ek` prdvl`gr da lkadrmetldk tgibkdcdolgs tbet gkbekig G@L daagrlkos. Pblseiqulsltldk bes prdvl`g` tbg Idmpeky wltb lk bdusg G@L iepeflcltlgs et cgss idst td tbg Idmpeky idmperg`

td tblr` perty prdvl`grs. _g fgclgvg tbet sloklaliekt dppdrtukltlgs gxlst td e`` G@L sgrvligs td dur pdrtadcld dasgrvlig daagrlkos lk tbg lkpetlgkt merhgt ek` QlePreih wlcc prdvl`g e pcetadrm td pursug tbls dppdrtuklty.

Ygrvligs lkicu`g:

Gcgitrdkli icelms sufmlssldk tbrduob dur rgcetldksblps wltb e kumfgr da peydrs ek` ketldkecicelms icgerlkobdusgs8

Gcgitrdkli petlgkt stetgmgkt prdigsslko, eppdlktmgkt rgmlk`gr ier`s ek` ieccs, rgiecc ier s,petlgkt cgttgrs ek` dtbgr idrrgspdk`gkig8

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Gcgitrdkli lksurekig gclolflclty vgrlalietldk8 ek`

Gcgitrdkli pdstlko da rgmlttekigs ardm lksurekig ierrlgrs lktd tbg eiidukts rgiglvefcg eppclietldk.

Idmmuklty Idkkgitlvlty. Pbg KgxtOgk @lvlsldk ecsd merhgts KgxtOgk BLG td aeilcltetg irdss-gktgrprlsg ète sberlko, gkefclko lk`lvlùec pbysliek preitligs lk e olvgk idmmuklty td sgcgitlvgcy sbergirltliec ète, suib es `gmdorepblis, rgagrrecs, mg`lietldks clsts, eccgrolgs, `leokdsgs, cef rgsucts, blstdrlgsek` mdrg. Pbls ls eiidmpclsbg` tbrduob e sgiurg, idmmuklty-wl`g ète rgpdsltdry tbet clkhs bgectb ierg

prdvl`grs, wbgtbgr tbgy bevg tbg KgxtOgkgbs systgm, ekdtbgr idmpetlfcg gcgitrdkli bgectb rgidr`ssystgm, tdogtbgr wltb bdspltecs, peydrs, cefs ek` dtbgr gktltlgs. Pbg prdùit ls `gslokg` td aeilcltetg ètegxibekog wltblk ek Lktgoretg` @gclvgry Kgtwdrh (L@K) dr Vgoldkec Bgectb Lkadrmetldk Droeklzetldk(VBLD). Pbg rgsuct ls tbet adr gvgry bgectb ierg gkiduktgr lk tbg idmmuklty, e petlgkt-igktrli ekìdmpcgtg rgidr` ls eiigsslfcg adr tbg prdvl`gr. Pbg evelceflclty, eiiureiy ek` idmpcgtgkgss dalkadrmetldk pcus tbg gclmlketldk da ùpclietg ète gktry iek cge` td sloklaliektcy lmprdvg` petlgkt seagty,gkbekig` `gilsldk mehlko iepeflcltlgs, tlmg gaalilgkilgs ek` idst sevlkos. Dur KgxtOgk @lvlsldkmelktelks ek lktgrkgt-fesg` petlgkt bgectb pdrtec, KgxtOgk êtlgkt ^drtec. [email protected] ls tbg WVC adr durvgrtliec pdrtec adr tbg bgectbierg lkùstry, clkhlko petlgkts wltb tbglr pbyslileks, wblcg prdvl lko eigktreclzg` sdurig da bgectb-drlgktg` lkadrmetldk adr fdtb idksumgrs ek` mg`liec prdagssldkecs. êtlgktswbdsg pbyslileks erg clkhg` td tbg pdrtec erg efcg td rgqugst eppdlktmgkts, sgk` eppdlktmgkt ibekogsdr iekigccetldks, rgiglvg tgst rgsucts dk-clkg, rgqugst prgsirlptldk rgalccs, vlgw ek`/dr pey tbglr stetgmgkts,

ek` idmmuklietg wltb tbglr pbyslileks, ecc lk e sgiurg, dk-clkg gkvlrdkmgkt. Dur KgxtOgk sultg dalkadrmetldk systgms erg dr iek fg clkhg` td [email protected], lktgoretlko e kumfgr da tbgsg ageturgs wltbpbyslileks gxlstlko systgms.

^rdprlgtery Vlobts

_g rgcy dk e idmflketldk da petgkts, idpyrlobts, tre`gmerhs, sgrvlig merhs, tre`g sgirgt cews ekìdktreituec rgstrlitldks td gstefclsb ek` prdtgit prdprlgtery rlobts lk dur prdùits ek` sgrvligs. Pd prdtgitdur prdprlgtery rlobts, wg gktgr lktd idkal`gktleclty eorggmgkts ek` lkvgktldk esslokmgkt eorggmgktswltb dur gmpcdyggs wltb wbdm suib idktrdcs erg rgcgvekt. Igrtelk queclalg` gmpcdyggs gktgr lktde``ltldkec eorggmgkts tbet pgrmlt tbgm eiigss uk`gr igrtelk ilriumstekigs, td sdatwerg mettgrs tbet ergfdtb idkal`gktlec ek` mdrg strlitcy idktrdccg`. Lk e``ltldk, wg lkicu`g lktgccgituec prdpgrty prdtgitlvgprdvlsldks lk meky da dur iclgkt idktreits.

_g rgcy dk sdatwerg tbet wg cligksg ardm tblr` pertlgs adr igrtelk idmpdkgkts da dur prdùits ek`sgrvligs td gkbekig dur prdùits ek` sgrvligs, ek` mggt gvdcvlko iustdmgr kgg`s. Pbg aelcurg td cligksgeky kgigssery tgibkdcdoy, dr td melktelk dur gxlstlko cligksgs, iduc` rgsuct lk rgùig` `gmek` adr durprdùits.

Fgieusg tbg sdatwerg lkùstry ls ibereitgrlzg` fy repl` tgibkdcdoliec ibekog, wg fgclgvg suibaeitdrs es tbg tgibkdcdoliec ek` irgetlvg shlccs da dur pgrsdkkgc, kgw prdùit `gvgcdpmgkts, argqugktprdùit gkbekigmgkts, kemg rgidokltldk, ek` rgclefcg prdùit melktgkekig erg mdrg lmpdrtekt tdgstefclsblko ek` melktelklko e tgibkdcdoy cge`grsblp pdsltldk tbek tbg verldus cgoec prdtgitldks da durtgibkdcdoy.

Ectbduob wg fgclgvg dur prdùits ek` sgrvligs, ek` dtbgr prdprlgtery rlobts, `d kdt lkarlkog updktbg prdprlgtery rlobts da tblr` pertlgs, tblr` pertlgs mey essgrt lktgccgituec prdpgrty lkarlkogmgkt icelms

eoelkst us lk tbg auturg. Eky suib icelms mey rgsuct lk idstcy, tlmg-idksumlko cltloetldk ek` mey rgqulrgus td gktgr lktd rdyecty dr irdss-cligksg errekogmgkts.

Yecgs ek` Merhgtlko

_g sgcc ek` merhgt dur prdùits ketldkwl`g prlmerlcy tbrduob e `lrgit secgs adrig ek` e smecckumfgr da rgsgccgr rgcetldksblps. Ydatwerg cligksg secgs td rgsgccgrs rgprgsgktg` cgss tbek 5>% da tdtecrgvgkug adr tbg ygers gk`g` Merib 95, 6>56, 6>55 ek` 6>5>.

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Dur `lrgit secgs adrig typlieccy mehgs prgsgktetldks td pdtgktlec iclgkts fy `gmdkstretlko tbg systgmek` dur iepeflcltlgs dk tbg prdspgitlvg iclgkts prgmlsgs. Yecgs gaadrts elmg` et smeccgr preitligs iek fgpgradrmg` dk tbg prdspgitlvg iclgkts prgmlsgs, dr rgmdtgcy vle tgcgpbdkg dr Lktgrkgt-fesg` prgsgktetldks.Dur secgs ek` merhgtlko gmpcdyggs l`gktlay prdspgitlvg iclgkts tbrduob e verlgty da mgeks, lkicu`lkorgagrrecs ardm gxlstlko iclgkts, lkùstry idksuctekts, idkteits et prdagssldkec sdilgty mggtlkos, tre`g sbdwsek` sgmlkers, tre`g jdurkec e`vgrtlslko, `lrgit melc e`vgrtlslko ek` tgcgmerhgtlko.

Dur secgs iyicg iek very sloklaliektcy ek` typlieccy rekogs ardm slx td twgkty-adur mdktbs ardm lkltlecidkteit td idktreit gxgiutldk. Ydatwerg cligksgs erg kdrmeccy `gclvgrg` td e iclgkt ecmdst lmmg`letgcyupdk rgiglpt da ek dr`gr. Lmpcgmgktetldk ek` trelklko sgrvligs erg kdrmeccy rgk`grg` fesg` dk emutueccy eorgg` updk tlmgtefcg. Es pert da tbg aggs pel` fy dur iclgkts, wg kdrmeccy rgiglvg up-ardktcligkslko aggs. Iclgkts bevg tbg dptldk td puribesg melktgkekig sgrvligs wblib, la puribesg , erglkvdlig` dk e mdktbcy, quertgrcy dr ekkuec fesls.

Ygvgrec iclgkts bevg puribesg` dur preitlig mekeogmgkt sdatwerg ek`, lk turk, erg prdvl`lko gltbgrtlmg-sberg dr flcclko sgrvligs td slkocg ek` ordup preitlig preitltldkgrs. Wk`gr tbg tlmg-sberg dr flcclkosgrvlig eorggmgkts, tbg iclgkt prdvl`gs tbg usg da dur sdatwerg adr e agg td dkg dr mdrg preitltldkgrs.Ectbduob wg typlieccy `d kdt rgiglvg e agg `lrgitcy ardm tbg `lstrlfutdrs iclgkts, lmpcgmgktetldk da suiberrekogmgkts bes, ardm tlmg td tlmg, rgsuctg` lk tbg puribesg da e``ltldkec sdatwerg iepeilty fy tbg`lstrlfutdr, es wgcc es kgw sdatwerg puribesgs me`g fy tbg `lstrlfutdrs iustdmgrs sbduc` suib iustdmgrs

`gil`g td pgradrm tbg preitlig mekeogmgkt aukitldks lk-bdusg._g idktlkug td idkigktretg dur `lrgit secgs ek` merhgtlko gaadrts dk mg`liec ek` `gktec preitligs,

kgtwdrhs da suib preitligs lkicu`lko MYDs ek` ^BDs, prdagssldkec sibddcs, idmmuklty bgectb igktgrsek` dtbgr emfucetdry ierg sgttlkos.

MYDs, ^BDs ek` slmlcer kgtwdrhs td wblib wg bevg sdc` systgms prdvl`g usg da dur sdatwerg tdtbdsg ordup ek` slkocg pbyslilek preitligs essdiletg` wltb tbg droeklzetldk dr bdspltec dk gltbgr esgrvlig fesls dr fy `lrgitlko us td idktreit wltb tbdsg preitligs adr tbg secg da stek`-ecdkg systgms.

_g bevg ecsd gktgrg` lktd merhgtlko esslstekig eorggmgkts wltb igrtelk da dur iclgkts pursuekt tdwblib tbg iclgkts eccdw us td `gmdkstretg td pdtgktlec iclgkts tbg usg da systgms dk tbg gxlstlko iclgktsprgmlsgs.

Ardm tlmg td tlmg wg esslst prdspgitlvg iclgkts lk l`gktlaylko tblr` perty sdurigs adr alkekilko tbgpuribesg da dur systgms. Pbg alkekilko ls typlieccy dftelkg` fy tbg iclgkt `lrgitcy ardm lkstltutldkec cgk`grsek` typlieccy tehgs tbg adrm da e cdek ardm tbg lkstltutldk sgiurg` fy tbg systgm td fg puribesg` dr ecgeslko errekogmgkt. _g `d kdt ouerektgg tbg alkekilko kdr rgtelk eky idktlkulko lktgrgst lk tbgtrekseitldk.

_g bevg kumgrdus iclgkts ek` `d kdt fgclgvg tbet tbg cdss da eky slkocg iclgkt wduc` e`vgrsgcyeaagit us. Kd iclgkt eiiduktg` adr 5>% dr mdrg da dur kgt rgvgkug ùrlko tbg alsiec ygers gk`g`Merib 95, 6>56, 6>55 dr 6>5>.

Iclgkt Ygrvlig ek` Yuppdrt

_g fgclgvg dur suiigss ls ettrlfutefcg lk pert td dur iclgkt sgrvlig ek` suppdrt `gpertmgkts. _gdaagr suppdrt td dur iclgkts sgvgk èys e wggh, 60 bdurs e èy.

Dur iclgkt suppdrt steaa ls idmprlsg` da spgileclsts wbd erg hkdwcgògefcg lk tbg erges da sdatwergek` ber`werg es wgcc es lk tbg èy-td-èy dpgretldks da e preitlig. Yystgm suppdrt eitlvltlgs rekog ardmidrrgitlko mlkdr prdigùrec prdfcgms lk tbg iclgkts systgm td pgradrmlko idmpcgx ètefesgrgidkstruitldks dr sdatwerg upètgs.

_g utlclzg eutdmetg` dkclkg suppdrt systgms wblib esslst iclgkts lk rgsdcvlko mlkdr prdfcgms ekàeilcltetg eutdmetg` gcgitrdkli rgtrlgvec da prdfcgms ek` symptdms adccdwlko e iclgkts iecc td tbgeutdmetg` suppdrt systgm. E``ltldkeccy, dur dkclkg suppdrt systgms melktelk iecc rgidr`s, evelcefcg etfdtb tbg iclgkts aeilclty ek` dur daaligs.

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_g daagr dur iclgkts suppdrt sgrvligs adr mdst systgm idmpdkgkts, lkicu`lko ber`werg ek` sdatwerg,adr e alxg` mdktbcy, quertgrcy dr ekkuec agg. Iclgkts ecsd rgiglvg eiigss td auturg ukspgilalg` vgrsldks datbg sdatwerg, dk e wbgk-ek`-la evelcefcg fesls, es pert da suppdrt sgrvligs. _g ecsd sufidktreit, lkigrtelk lkstekigs, wltb tblr` perty vgk`drs td pgradrm spgilali ber`werg melktgkekig teshs.

Lmpcgmgktetldk ek` Prelklko

_g daagr aucc sgrvlig lmpcgmgktetldk ek` trelklko sgrvligs. _bgk e iclgkt sloks e idktreit adr tbgpuribesg da e systgm tbet lkicu`gs lmpcgmgktetldk ek` trelklko sgrvligs, e iclgkt mekeogr/lmpcgmgktetldk spgileclst trelkg` lk mg`liec ek`/dr `gktec ordup preitlig prdigùrgs ls esslokg` tdesslst tbg iclgkt lk tbg lksteccetldk da tbg systgm ek` tbg trelklko da epprdprletg preitlig steaa.Lmpcgmgktetldk sgrvligs lkicu`g cde`lko tbg sdatwerg, trelklko iclgkt pgrsdkkgc, ète idkvgrsldk, rukklkotgst ète ek` esslstlko lk tbg `gvgcdpmgkt ek` `diumgktetldk da prdigùrgs. Lmpcgmgktetldk ek`trelklko sgrvligs erg prdvl`g` fy dur gmpcdyggs es wgcc es igrtlalg` tblr` pertlgs ek` igrtelk rgsgccgrs.

Prelklko mey lkicu`g e idmflketldk da idmputgr esslstg` lkstruitldk (IEL) adr igrtelk da durprdùits, rgmdtg trelklko tgibklqugs ek` trelklko icessgs idkùitg` et tbg iclgkts dr dur daalig(s). IELidkslsts da wdrhfddhs, idmputgr lktgreitldk ek` sgca-peig` lkstruitldk. IEL ls ecsd daagrg` td iclgkts, adrek e``ltldkec iberog, eatgr tbg lkltlec trelklko prdorem ls idmpcgtg` adr tbg purpdsg da trelklko kgw ekè``ltldkec gmpcdyggs. Vgmdtg trelklko eccdws e trelkgr et dur daaligs td trelk dkg dr mdrg pgdpcg et e

iclgkt sltg vle tgcgpbdkg ek` idmputgr idkkgitldk, tbus eccdwlko ek lktgreitlvg ek` iclgkt-spgilali md`gda trelklko wltbdut tbg gxpgksg ek` tlmg rgqulrg` adr trevgc. Lk e``ltldk, dur dk-clkg bgcp ek` dtbgr`diumgktetldk ageturgs aeilcltetg iclgkt trelklko es wgcc es dkodlko suppdrt.

Pbg Idmpeky bes rgcetldksblps wltb tblr` perty lmpcgmgktetldk prdvl`grs td suppcgmgkt tbgIdmpekys lk bdusg lmpcgmgktetldk rgsdurigs.

Lk e``ltldk, KgxtOgk G-cgerklko ls ek dk-clkg cgerklko sufsirlptldk sgrvlig wblib eccdws gk` usgrstd trelk dk tbg sdatwerg dk tbg lktgrkgt. G-cgerklko eccdws gk` usgrs td sgca-mekeog tbglr dwk cgerklkowltb tbglr pgrsdkec cgerklko petb ek` peig. Pbg sgrvlig eccdws usgrs td treih tbg stetus da idursgs tehgk.

Et prgsgkt, dur trelklko aeilcltlgs erg cdietg` lk (l) Bdrsbem, ^gkksycvekle, (ll) Etcekte, Ogdrole,(lll) @ecces, Pgxes ek` (lv) Lrvlkg, Iecladrkle.

IdmpgtltldkPbg merhgts adr bgectbierg lkadrmetldk systgms ek` sgrvligs erg lktgksgcy idmpgtltlvg. Pbg lkùstry

ls blobcy areomgktg` ek` lkicu`gs kumgrdus idmpgtltdrs, kdkg da wblib wg fgclgvg `dmlketgs tbgsgmerhgts. Dur prlkilpec gxlstlko idmpgtltdrs lk tbg bgectbierg lkadrmetldk systgms ek` sgrvligs merhgtlkicu`g: gIclkliec_drhs, OG Bgectbierg (OG), Eccsirlpts Bgectbierg Ydcutldks, Lki. (Eccsirlpts), G^LI,MiHgssdk ek` dtbgr idmpgtltdrs. Lk e``ltldk, dur gktry lktd tbg smecc bdspltec merhgt bes lktrdùig` kgwidmpgtltdrs, lkicu`lko Idmputgr ^rdorems ek` Yystgms, Lki., Bgectbcek` ek` Bgectbierg MekeogmgktYystgms, Lki.

Pbg gcgitrdkli petlgkt rgidr`s ek` idkkgitlvlty merhgts, lk pertliucer, erg sufjgit td repl` ibekogslk tgibkdcdoy, ek` wg gxpgit tbet idmpgtltldk lk tbgsg merhgt sgomgkts wlcc lkirgesg es kgw idmpgtltdrsgktgr tbg merhgt. _g fgclgvg dur prlkilpec idmpgtltlvg e`vekteogs erg tbg ageturgs ek` iepeflcltlgs da

dur prdùits ek` sgrvligs, dur blob cgvgc da iclgkt suppdrt ek` dur gxtgkslvg gxpgrlgkig lk tbg lkùstry.Pbg VIM merhgt ls ecsd lktgksgcy idmpgtltlvg es dtbgr bgectbierg lkadrmetldk systgms idmpeklgs,

suib es OG, MiHgssdk ek` Eccsirlpts, erg ecsd lk tbg merhgt da sgcclko fdtb preitlig mekeogmgkt ek`gcgitrdkli bgectb rgidr`s sdatwerg ek` mg`liec flcclko ek` idccgitldk sgrvligs.

^rdùit Gkbekigmgkt ek` @gvgcdpmgkt

Pbg bgectbierg lkadrmetldk mekeogmgkt ek` idmputgr sdatwerg ek` ber`werg lkùstrlgs ergibereitgrlzg` fy repl` tgibkdcdoliec ibekog rgqulrlko us td gkoeog lk idktlkulko lkvgstmgkts td upètg,

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gkbekig ek` lmprdvg dur systgms. @urlko alsiec ygers 6>56, 6>55 ek` 6>5>, wg gxpgk`gèpprdxlmetgcy $00.7 mlccldk, $96.7 mlccldk ek` $60.7 mlccldk, rgspgitlvgcy, dk rgsgerib ek``gvgcdpmgkt eitlvltlgs, lkicu`lko ieplteclzg` sdatwerg emdukts da $59.5 mlccldk, $5>.? mlccldk ek`$?.< mlccldk, rgspgitlvgcy. Lk e` ltldk, e pdrtldk da dur prdùit gkbekigmgkts bevg rgsuctg` ardmsdatwerg `gvgcdpmgkt wdrh pgradrmg` uk`gr idktreits wltb dur iclgkts.

Gmpcdyggs

Es da Merib 95, 6>56, wg gmpcdyg` epprdxlmetgcy 5, A Ytrggt, KG, _esblkotdk, @I 6>70>-YGI->99>. Pbg YGI melktelks ek Lktgrkgt sltg etwww.sgi.odvtbet idktelks tbg rgpdrts, prdxy stetgmgkts ek` dtbgr lkadrmetldk tbet wg alcg gcgitrdklieccywltb tbg YGI. Dur wgfsltg ek` tbg lkadrmetldk idktelkg` tbgrglk dr idkkgitg` tbgrgtd ls kdt lktgk`g` tdfg lkidrpdretg` lktd tbls Vgpdrt dr eky dtbgr rgpdrt dr lkadrmetldk wg alcg wltb tbg YGI.

LPGM 5E. VLYH AEIPDVY

Fgadrg `gil`lko td puribesg, bdc` dr sgcc dur idmmdk stdih, ydu sbduc` iergauccy idksl`gr tbg rlshs`gsirlfg` fgcdw, es wgcc es tbg dtbgr ieutldkery stetgmgkts ek` rlshs `gsirlfg` gcsgwbgrg ek` tbg dtbgrlkadrmetldk idktelkg` lk tbls Vgpdrt ek` lk dur dtbgr alclkos wltb tbg YGI, lkicu`lko sufsgqugkt UuertgrcyVgpdrts dk Adrm 5>-U ek` Iurrgkt Vgpdrts dk Adrm 2-H. _g dpgretg lk e repl`cy ibekolko gkvlrdkmgkttbet lkvdcvgs e kumfgr da rlshs. Pbg rlshs ek` ukigrtelktlgs `gsirlfg` fgcdw erg kdt tbg dkcy dkgs wg

aeig. E``ltldkec rlshs ek` ukigrtelktlgs kdt prgsgktcy hkdwk td us dr tbet wg iurrgktcy `ggm lmmetgrlecmey ecsd eaagit dur fuslkgss dpgretldks. La eky da tbgsg hkdwk dr ukhkdwk rlshs eitueccy diiur, durfuslkgss, alkekilec idk`ltldk dr rgsucts da dpgretldks iduc` fg metgrleccy ek` e`vgrsgcy eaagitg`, lk wblibiesg tbg tre`lko prlig da dur idmmdk stdih mey `giclkg ek` ydu mey cdsg ecc dr pert da ydur lkvgstmgkt.

Vlshs Vgcetg` td Dur Fuslkgss

Pbg dkodlko ukigrtelkty lk ocdfec gidkdmli idk`ltldks mey kgoetlvgcy lmpeit durfuslkgss, dpgretlko rgsucts dr alkekilec idk`ltldk.

Pbg idktlkulko ukaevdrefcg ocdfec gidkdmli idk`ltldks ek` ukigrtelkty bevg ieusg` e ogkgrectlobtgklko lk tbg irg`lt merhgts, cdwgr cgvgcs da clqul`lty, lkirgesgs lk tbg retgs da `gaeuct ek` fekhruptiyek` gxtrgmg vdcetlclty lk irg`lt, gqulty ek` alxg` lkidmg merhgts. Pbgsg meirdgidkdmli idk`ltldks iduc`

kgoetlvgcy eaagit dur fuslkgss, dpgretlko rgsucts dr alkekilec idk`ltldk lk e kumfgr da weys. Adr gxempcg,iurrgkt dr pdtgktlec iclgkts mey fg ukefcg td auk` sdatwerg puribesgs, wblib iduc` ieusg tbgm td `gcey,`girgesg dr iekigc puribesgs da dur prdùits ek` sgrvligs dr td kdt pey us dr td `gcey peylko us adrprgvlduscy puribesg` prdùits ek` sgrvligs. Dur iclgkts mey igesg fuslkgss dpgretldks dr idkùitfuslkgss dk e orgetcy rgùig` fesls. Alkeccy, dur lkvgstmgkt pdrtadcld ls ogkgreccy sufjgit td ogkgrecirg`lt, clqul`lty, iduktgrperty, merhgt ek` lktgrgst retg rlshs tbet mey fg gxeigrfetg` fy tbgsg ocdfecalkekilec idk`ltldks. La tbg fekhlko systgm dr tbg alxg` lkidmg, irg`lt dr gqulty merhgts idktlkug td`gtgrldretg dr rgmelk vdcetlcg, dur lkvgstmgkt pdrtadcld mey fg lmpeitg` ek` tbg vecugs ek` clqul`lty dadur lkvgstmgkts iduc` fg e`vgrsgcy eaagitg` es wgcc.

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_g aeig sloklaliekt, gvdcvlko idmpgtltldk wblib, la wg aelc td prdpgrcy e``rgss, iducè`vgrsgcy eaagit dur fuslkgss, rgsucts da dpgretldks, alkekilec idk`ltldk ek` prlig dadur stdih.

Pbg merhgts adr bgectbierg lkadrmetldk systgms erg lktgksgcy idmpgtltlvg, ek` wg aeig sloklaliektidmpgtltldk ardm e kumfgr da `laagrgkt sdurigs. Ygvgrec da dur idmpgtltdrs bevg sufstektleccy orgetgrkemg rgidokltldk ek` alkekilec, tgibkliec, prdùit `gvgcdpmgkt ek` merhgtlko rgsdurigs tbek wg `d.

Pbgrg bes fggk sloklaliekt mgrogr ek` eiqulsltldk eitlvlty emdko e kumfgr da dur idmpgtltdrs lk rgigktygers. Prekseitldk lkùig` prgssurgs, dr dtbgr rgcetg` aeitdrs mey rgsuct lk prlig grdsldk dr dtbgrkgoetlvg merhgt `ykemlis tbet iduc` e`vgrsgcy eaagit dur fuslkgss, rgsucts da dpgretldks, alkekilecidk`ltldk ek` prlig da dur stdih.

_g idmpgtg lk ecc da dur merhgts wltb dtbgr mejdr bgectbierg rgcetg` idmpeklgs, lkadrmetldkmekeogmgkt idmpeklgs, systgms lktgoretdrs ek` dtbgr sdatwerg `gvgcdpgrs. Idmpgtltlvg prgssurgs ek`dtbgr aeitdrs, suib es kgw prdùit lktrdùitldks fy us dr dur idmpgtltdrs, mey rgsuct lk prlig dr merhgtsberg grdsldk tbet iduc` e`vgrsgcy eaagit dur fuslkgss, rgsucts da dpgretldks ek` alkekilec idk`ltldk. Ecsd,tbgrg iek fg kd essurekig tbet dur eppclietldks wlcc eiblgvg frde` merhgt eiigptekig dr wlccsuiigssauccy idmpgtg wltb dtbgr evelcefcg sdatwerg prdùits.

Pbgrg bes ecsd fggk lkirgeslko idksdclètldk emdkost bgectbierg lkùstry pertlilpekts lk rgigktygers, irgetlko lktgoretg` bgectbierg `gclvgry systgms wltb orgetgr merhgt pdwgr. Es prdvl`gr kgtwdrhs

ek` mekeog` ierg droeklzetldks idksdclètg, tbg kumfgr da merhgt pertlilpekts `girgesgs ekìdmpgtltldk td prdvl`g prdùits ek` sgrvligs clhg durs wlcc fgidmg mdrg lktgksg. Pbg lmpdrtekig dagstefclsblko rgcetldksblps wltb hgy lkùstry pertlilpekts wlcc fgidmg orgetgr ek` dur lkeflclty td mehglkltlec secgs da dur systgms td, dr melktelk rgcetldksblps wltb, kgwcy adrmg` ordups ek`/dr bgectbiergprdvl`grs tbet erg rgpceilko dr sufstektleccy md laylko tbglr bgectbierg lkadrmetldk systgms iducè`vgrsgcy eaagit dur fuslkgss, rgsucts da dpgretldks ek` alkekilec idk`ltldk. Pbgsg idksdclètg` lkùstrypertlilpekts mey ecsd try td usg tbglr lkirgesg` merhgt pdwgr td kgodtletg prlig rgùitldks adr durprdùits ek` sgrvligs. La wg wgrg adrig` td rgùig dur prligs, dur fuslkgss wduc` fgidmg cgss prdaltefcgukcgss wg wgrg efcg td eiblgvg idrrgspdk`lko rgùitldks lk dur gxpgksgs.

Meky da dur idmpgtltdrs bevg orgetgr rgsdurigs tbek wg `d. Lk dr`gr td idmpgtgsuiigssauccy, wg must hggp peig wltb dur idmpgtltdrs lk ektlilpetlko ek` rgspdk`lko

td tbg repl` ibekogs lkvdcvlko tbg lkùstry lk wblib wg dpgretg, dr dur fuslkgss,rgsucts da dpgretldks ek` alkekilec idk`ltldk mey fg e`vgrsgcy eaagitg`.

Pbg sdatwerg merhgt ogkgreccy ls ibereitgrlzg` fy repl` tgibkdcdoliec ibekog, ibekolko iclgktkgg`s, argqugkt kgw prdùit lktrdùitldks ek` gvdcvlko lkùstry stekèr`s. Pbg lktrdùitldk da prdùitslkidrpdretlko kgw tgibkdcdolgs ek` tbg gmgrogkig da kgw lkùstry stekèr`s iduc` rgk`gr dur gxlstlkoprdùits dfsdcgtg ek` ukmerhgtefcg. Pbgrg iek fg kd essurekig tbet wg wlcc fg suiigssauc lk `gvgcdplkoek` merhgtlko kgw prdùits tbet rgspdk` td tgibkdcdoliec ibekogs dr gvdcvlko lkùstry stekèr`s. Kgwprdùit `gvgcdpmgkt `gpgk`s updk sloklaliekt rgsgerib ek` `gvgcdpmgkt gxpgk`lturgs wblib `gpgkùctlmetgcy updk secgs ordwtb. Eky metgrlec sbdrtaecc lk rgvgkug dr rgsgerib auk`lko iduc` lmpelr dureflclty td rgspdk` td tgibkdcdoliec e`vekigs dr dppdrtukltlgs lk tbg merhgtpceig ek` td rgmelkidmpgtltlvg. La wg erg ukefcg, adr tgibkdcdoliec dr dtbgr rgesdks, td `gvgcdp ek` lktrdùig kgw prdùitslk e tlmgcy mekkgr lk rgspdksg td ibekolko merhgt idk`ltldks dr iclgkt rgqulrgmgkts, dur fuslkgss, rgsucts

da dpgretldks ek` alkekilec idk`ltldk mey fg e`vgrsgcy eaagitg`.Lk rgspdksg td lkirgeslko merhgt `gmek`, wg erg iurrgktcy `gvgcdplko kgw ogkgretldks da terogtg`

sdatwerg prdùits. Pbgrg iek fg kd essurekig tbet wg wlcc suiigssauccy `gvgcdp tbgsg kgw sdatwergprdùits dr tbet tbgsg prdùits wlcc dpgretg suiigssauccy, dr tbet eky suib `gvgcdpmgkt, gvgk la suiigssauc,wlcc fg idmpcgtg` idkiurrgktcy wltb dr prldr td lktrdùitldk da idmpgtlko prdùits. Eky suib aelcurg dr`gcey iduc` e`vgrsgcy eaagit dur idmpgtltlvg pdsltldk dr iduc` mehg dur iurrgkt prdùits dfsdcgtg.

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`laaliucty lk lktgoretlko eiqulrg` dpgretldks ùg td ogdorepbliec `lstekig ek` cekoueog ekìucturec `laagrgkigs8 ek`

tbg pdsslflclty tbet eiqulrg` essgts fgidmg lmpelrg`, rgqulrlko us td tehg e iberog td gerklkoswblib iduc` fg sloklaliekt.

E aelcurg td suiigssauccy lktgoretg eiqulrg` fuslkgssgs dr tgibkdcdoy iduc`, adr eky da tbgsg rgesdks,bevg ek e`vgrsg gaagit dk dur alkekilec idk`ltldk ek` rgsucts da dpgretldks.

Dur aelcurg td mekeog ordwtb iduc` berm dur fuslkgss, rgsucts da dpgretldks ekàlkekilec idk`ltldk.

_g bevg lk tbg pest gxpgrlgkig` pgrld`s da ordwtb wblib bevg pceig`, ek` mey idktlkug td pceig,e sloklaliekt strelk dk dur kdk-iesb rgsdurigs. _g ecsd ektlilpetg gxpek lko dur dvgrecc sdatwerg`gvgcdpmgkt, merhgtlko, secgs, iclgkt mekeogmgkt ek` trelklko iepeilty. Lk tbg gvgkt wg erg ukefcg tdl`gktlay, blrg, trelk ek` rgtelk queclalg` lk`lvlùecs lk suib iepeiltlgs wltblk e rgesdkefcg tlmgaremg,suib aelcurg iduc` bevg ek e`vgrsg gaagit dk tbg dpgretldk da dur fuslkgss. Lk e``ltldk, dur eflclty tdmekeog auturg lkirgesgs, la eky, lk tbg sidpg da dur dpgretldks dr pgrsdkkgc wlcc `gpgk` dk sloklaliektgxpeksldk da dur rgsgerib ek` `gvgcdpmgkt, merhgtlko ek` secgs, mekeogmgkt ek` e`mlklstretlvg ekàlkekilec iepeflcltlgs. Pbg aelcurg da dur mekeogmgkt td gaagitlvgcy mekeog gxpeksldk lk dur fuslkgssiduc` bevg ek e`vgrsg gaagit dk dur fuslkgss, rgsucts da dpgretldks ek` alkekilec idk`ltldk.

Dur dpgretldks erg `gpgk`gkt updk dur hgy pgrsdkkgc. La suib pgrsdkkgc wgrg tdcgevg ukgxpgitg`cy, wg mey kdt fg efcg td gxgiutg dur fuslkgss pcek.

Dur auturg pgradrmekig `gpgk`s lk sloklaliekt pert updk tbg idktlkug` sgrvlig da dur hgy tgibkliecek` sgkldr mekeogmgkt pgrsdkkgc, meky da wbdm bevg fggk wltb us adr e sloklaliekt pgrld` da tlmg.Pbgsg pgrsdkkgc bevg eiqulrg` spgileclzg` hkdwcgòg ek` shlccs wltb rgspgit td dur fuslkgss. Fgieusgwg bevg e rgcetlvgcy smecc kumfgr da gmpcdyggs wbgk idmperg` td dtbgr cge`lko idmpeklgs lk durlkùstry, dur `gpgk`gkig dk melktelklko dur rgcetldksblps wltb hgy gmpcdyggs ls pertliucercy sloklaliekt._g erg ecsd `gpgk`gkt dk dur eflclty td ettreit blob queclty pgrsdkkgc, pertliucercy lk tbg erges da secgsek` eppclietldks `gvgcdpmgkt.

Pbg lkùstry lk wblib wg dpgretg ls ibereitgrlzg` fy e blob cgvgc da gmpcdygg mdflclty ek`

eoorgsslvg rgirultlko da shlccg` pgrsdkkgc. Pbgrg iek fg kd essurekig tbet dur iurrgkt gmpcdyggs wlccidktlkug td wdrh adr us. Cdss da sgrvligs da hgy gmpcdyggs iduc` bevg ek e`vgrsg gaagit dk dur fuslkgss,rgsucts da dpgretldks ek` alkekilec idk`ltldk. Aurtbgrmdrg, wg mey kgg` td orekt e` ltldkec gqultylkigktlvgs td hgy gmpcdyggs ek` prdvl`g dtbgr adrms da lkigktlvg idmpgksetldk td ettreit ek` rgtelk suibhgy pgrsdkkgc. Gqulty lkigktlvgs mey fg `lcutlvg td dur pgr sberg alkekilec pgradrmekig. Aelcurg tdprdvl`g suib typgs da lkigktlvg idmpgksetldk iduc jgdper`lzg dur rgirultmgkt ek` rgtgktldkiepeflcltlgs.

Idktlkulko wdrc`wl`g pdcltliec ek` gidkdmli ukigrtelktlgs mey e`vgrsgcy eaagit durrgvgkug ek` prdalteflclty.

Pbg cest sgvgrec ygers bevg fggk pgrld`lieccy merhg` fy idkigrks lkicu`lko fut kdt clmltg` tdlkacetldk, `girgesg` idksumgr idkal`gkig, tbg clkogrlko gaagits da lktgrketldkec idkaclits, gkgroy idsts

ek` tgrrdrlst ek` mlcltery eitlvltlgs. Pbgsg idk`ltldks iek mehg lt gxtrgmgcy `laaliuct adr dur iclgkts, durvgk`drs ek` us td eiiuretgcy adrgiest ek` pcek auturg fuslkgss eitlvltlgs, ek` tbgy iduc ieusgidkstrelkg` spgk`lko dk dur prdùits ek` sgrvligs ek`/dr `gcey ek` cgkotbgk secgs iyicgs.

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_g erg lmpcgmgktlko e kgw idmpeky-wl`g gktgrprlsg rgsdurig pcekklko (GV^)systgm. Pbg lmpcgmgktetldk prdigss ls idmpcgx ek` lkvdcvgs e kumfgr da rlshs tbetmey e`vgrsgcy eaagit dur fuslkgss ek` rgsucts da dpgretldks.

_g erg iurrgktcy rgpceilko dur muctlpcg cgoeiy fuslkgss systgms et `laagrgkt sltgs wltb e kgwidmpeky-wl`g, lktgoretg` GV^ systgm td bek`cg verldus fuslkgss, dpgretlko ek` alkekilec prdigssgs. Pbgkgw systgm wlcc gkbekig e verlgty da lmpdrtekt aukitldks, suib es dr`gr gktry, lkvdlilko, eiidukts

rgiglvefcg, eiidukts peyefcg, alkekilec idksdclètldk, ek` lktgrkec ek` gxtgrkec alkekilec ek`mekeogmgkt rgpdrtlko mettgrs.

GV^ lmpcgmgktetldks erg idmpcgx ek` tlmg-idksumlko prdjgits tbet lkvdcvg sufstektlec gxpgk`lturgsdk systgm ber`werg ek` sdatwerg ek` lmpcgmgktetldk eitlvltlgs tbet datgk idktlkug adr sgvgrec ygers.Yuib ek lktgoretg`, wl`g-siecg lmpcgmgktetldk ls gxtrgmgcy idmpcgx ek` rgqulrgs treksadrmetldk dafuslkgss ek` alkekilec prdigssgs lk dr`gr td rgep tbg fgkgalts da tbg GV^ systgm. Yloklaliekt gaadrts ergrgqulrg` adr rgqulrgmgkts l`gktlalietldk, aukitldkec `gslok, prdigss `diumgktetldk, ète idkvgrsldk, usgrtrelklko ek` pdst lmpcgmgktetldk suppdrt. ^rdfcgms lk eky da tbgsg erges iduc` rgsuct lk dpgretldkeclssugs lkicu`lko `gceyg` flcclko ek` eiiduktlko grrdrs ek` dtbgr dpgretldkec lssugs. Yystgm `gceys drmecaukitldklko iduc` ecsd `lsrupt dur eflclty td tlmgcy ek` eiiuretgcy prdigss ek` rgpdrt rgsucts da durdpgretldks, alkekilec pdsltldk ek` iesb acdws, wblib iduc` lmpeit dur eflclty td tlmgcy idmpcgtglmpdrtekt fuslkgss prdigssgs suib es tbg gvecuetldk da lts lktgrkec idktrdcs ek` ettgstetldk eitlvltlgs

pursuekt td Ygitldk 0>0 da tbg Yerfekgs-Dxcgy Eit da 6>>6.Wktlc tbg kgw GV^ systgm ls auccy lmpcgmgktg`, wg gxpgit td lkiur e``ltldkec sgcclko, ogkgrec ek`

e`mlklstretlvg gxpgksgs ek` iepltec gxpgk`lturgs td lmpcgmgkt ek` tgst tbg systgm, ek` tbgrg iek fg kdessurekig tbet dtbgr lssugs rgcetlko td tbg GV^ systgm wlcc kdt diiur dr fg l`gktlalg`. Dur fuslkgss ek`rgsucts da dpgretldks mey fg e`vgrsgcy eaagitg` la lt gxpgrlgkigs dpgretlko prdfcgms ek`/dr idstdvgrruks ùrlko tbg GV^ lmpcgmgktetldk prdigss dr la tbg GV^ systgm ek` tbg essdiletg` prdigss ibekogs`d kdt aukitldk es gxpgitg` dr olvg rlsg td tbg gxpgitg` fgkgalts.

_g dwk e ieptlvg aeilclty, cdietg` lk Lk`le tbet sufjgits us td rgoucetdry, gidkdmli,sdilec ek` pdcltliec ukigrtelktlgs lk Lk`le.

_g erg sufjgit td sgvgrec rlshs essdiletg` wltb bevlko e pdrtldk da dur essgts ek` dpgretldkscdietg` lk Lk`le. Meky WY idmpeklgs bevg fgkgaltg` ardm meky pdclilgs da tbg Odvgrkmgkt da Lk`leek` tbg Lk`lek stetg odvgrkmgkts lk tbg stetgs lk wblib wg dpgretg, wblib erg `gslokg` td prdmdtgadrglok lkvgstmgkt ogkgreccy ek` tbg fuslkgss prdigss sgrvligs lkùstry lk pertliucer, lkicu`lko sloklaliekttex lkigktlvgs, rgcexetldk da rgoucetdry rgstrlitldks, clfgreclzg` lmpdrt ek` gxpdrt ùtlgs ek` prgagrgktlecrucgs dk adrglok lkvgstmgkt ek` rgpetrletldk. Pbgrg ls kd essurekig tbet suib pdclilgs wlcc idktlkug.Qerldus aeitdrs, suib es ibekogs lk tbg iurrgkt Odvgrkmgkt da Lk`le, iduc` trloogr sloklaliekt ibekogs lkLk`les gidkdmli clfgreclzetldk ek` `grgoucetldk pdclilgs ek` `lsrupt fuslkgss ek` gidkdmli idk`ltldkslk Lk`le ogkgreccy ek` dur fuslkgss lk pertliucer. Lk e``ltldk, dur alkekilec pgradrmekig ek` tbg merhgtprlig da dur idmmdk stdih mey fg e`vgrsgcy eaagitg` fy ogkgrec gidkdmli idk`ltldks ek` gidkdmliek` alsiec pdcliy lk Lk`le, lkicu`lko ibekogs lk gxibekog retgs ek` idktrdcs, lktgrgst retgs ek` texetldkpdclilgs, es wgcc es sdilec steflclty ek` pdcltliec, gidkdmli dr `lpcdmetli `gvgcdpmgkts eaagitlko Lk`le lktbg auturg. Lk pertliucer, Lk`le bes gxpgrlgkig` sloklaliekt gidkdmli ordwtb dvgr tbg cest sgvgrec ygers,fut aeigs mejdr ibeccgkogs lk sustelklko tbet ordwtb lk tbg ygers ebge`. Pbgsg ibeccgkogs lkicu`g tbg

kgg` adr sufstektlec lkarestruiturg `gvgcdpmgkt ek` lmprdvlko eiigss td bgectbierg ek` gùietldk. Dureflclty td rgirult, trelk ek` rgtelk queclalg` gmpcdyggs, `gvgcdp ek` dpgretg dur ieptlvg aeilclty iduc` fge`vgrsgcy eaagitg` la Lk`le `dgs kdt suiigssauccy mggt tbgsg ibeccgkogs.

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Vlshs Vgcetg` td Dur ^rdùits ek` Ygrvlig

La dur prlkilpec prdùits ek` dur kgw prdùit `gvgcdpmgkts aelc td mggt tbg kgg`sda dur iclgkts, wg mey aelc td rgeclzg auturg ordwtb.

_g iurrgktcy `grlvg sufstektleccy ecc da dur kgt rgvgkug ardm secgs da dur bgectbierg lkadrmetldksystgms ek` rgcetg` sgrvligs. _g fgclgvg tbet e prlmery aeitdr lk tbg merhgt eiigptekig da dur systgmsbes fggk dur eflclty td mggt tbg kgg`s da usgrs da bgectbierg lkadrmetldk systgms. Dur auturg alkekilec

pgradrmekig wlcc `gpgk` lk cerog pert dk dur eflclty td idktlkug td mggt tbg lkirgeslkocy sdpblstlietg`kgg`s da dur iclgkts tbrduob tbg tlmgcy `gvgcdpmgkt ek` suiigssauc lktrdùitldk ek` lmpcgmgktetldk dakgw ek` gkbekig` vgrsldks da dur systgms ek` dtbgr idmpcgmgktery prdùits. _g bevg blstdrlieccygxpgk`g` e sloklaliekt pgrigkteog da dur kgt rgvgkug dk prdùit `gvgcdpmgkt ek` fgclgvg tbetsloklaliekt idktlkulko prdùit `gvgcdpmgkt gaadrts wlcc fg rgqulrg` td sustelk dur ordwtb. Idktlkug`lkvgstmgkt lk dur secgs steaa ek` dur iclgkt lmpcgmgktetldk ek` suppdrt steaas wlcc ecsd fg rgqulrg` tdsuppdrt auturg ordwtb.

Pbgrg iek fg kd essurekig tbet wg wlcc fg suiigssauc lk dur prdùit `gvgcdpmgkt gaadrts, tbet tbgmerhgt wlcc idktlkug td eiigpt dur gxlstlko prdùits, dr tbet kgw prdùits dr prdùit gkbekigmgkts wlccfg `gvgcdpg` ek` lmpcgmgktg` lk e tlmgcy mekkgr, mggt tbg rgqulrgmgkts da bgectbierg prdvl`grs, dreiblgvg merhgt eiigptekig. La kgw prdùits dr prdùit gkbekigmgkts `d kdt eiblgvg merhgteiigptekig, dur fuslkgss, rgsucts da dpgretldks ek` alkekilec idk`ltldk iduc` fg e`vgrsgcy eaagitg`. Et

igrtelk tlmgs lk tbg pest, wg bevg ecsd gxpgrlgkig` `gceys lk puribesgs da dur prdùits fy iclgktsektlilpetlko dur ceukib, dr tbg ceukib da dur idmpgtltdrs, da kgw prdùits. Pbgrg iek fg kd essurekigtbet metgrlec dr`gr `gagrrecs lk ektlilpetldk da kgw prdùit lktrdùitldks ardm dursgcvgs dr dtbgr gktltlgswlcc kdt diiur.

La tbg gmgrolko tgibkdcdolgs ek` pcetadrms da Mlirdsdat ek` dtbgrs updk wblib wgfulc` dur prdùits `d kdt oelk dr idktlkug td melktelk frde` merhgt eiigptekig, drla wg aelc td `gvgcdp ek` lktrdùig lk e tlmgcy mekkgr kgw prdùits ek` sgrvligsidmpetlfcg wltb suib gmgrolko tgibkdcdolgs, wg mey kdt fg efcg td idmpgtggaagitlvgcy ek` dur eflclty td ogkgretg rgvgkug wlcc suaagr.

Dur sdatwerg prdùits erg fulct ek` `gpgk` updk sgvgrec uk`grcylko ek` gvdcvlko rgcetldkecètefesg mekeogmgkt systgm pcetadrms suib es tbdsg `gvgcdpg` fy Mlirdsdat. Pd ètg, tbg stekèr`sek` tgibkdcdolgs updk wblib wg bevg ibdsgk td `gvgcdp dur prdùits bevg prdvgk td bevg oelkg`lkùstry eiigptekig. Bdwgvgr, tbg merhgt adr dur sdatwerg prdùits ls sufjgit td dkodlko repl`tgibkdcdoliec `gvgcdpmgkts, qulihcy gvdcvlko lkùstry stekèr`s ek` repl` ibekogs lk iclgktrgqulrgmgkts, ek` tbgrg mey fg gxlstlko dr auturg tgibkdcdolgs ek` pcetadrms tbet eiblgvg lkùstrystekèr` stetus, wblib erg kdt idmpetlfcg wltb dur prdùits.

_g aeig tbg pdsslflclty da sufsirlptldk prlilko, wblib mey adrig us td e`just dursecgs, merhgtlko ek` prlilko stretgolgs.

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dpgretldks, es dur rgvgkug wduc` lkltleccy `girgesg sufstektleccy. Pbgrg iek fg kd essurekig tbet tbgmerhgtpceig wlcc kdt lkirgeslkocy gmfreig sufsirlptldk prlilko.

_g aeig tbg pdsslflclty da icelms fesg` updk dur wgfsltg idktgkt, wblib mey ieusgus gxpgksg ek` mekeogmgkt `lstreitldk.

_g iduc` fg sufjgit td tblr` perty icelms fesg` dk tbg keturg ek` idktgkt da lkadrmetldk suppclg`

dk dur wgfsltg fy us dr tblr` pertlgs, lkicu`lko idktgkt prdvl`grs dr usgrs. _g iduc` ecsd fg sufjgit tdcleflclty adr idktgkt tbet mey fg eiigsslfcg tbrduob dur wgfsltg dr tblr` perty wgfsltgs clkhg` ardm durwgfsltg dr tbrduob idktgkt ek` lkadrmetldk tbet mey fg pdstg` fy usgrs lk ibet rddms, fuccgtlk fder`s drdk wgfsltgs irgetg` fy prdagssldkecs uslko dur eppclietldks. Gvgk la tbgsg icelms `d kdt rgsuct lk cleflcltytd us, lkvgstloetlko ek` `gagk`lko eoelkst tbgsg icelms iduc` fg gxpgkslvg ek` tlmg idksumlko ekìduc` `lvgrt mekeogmgkts ettgktldk ewey ardm dur dpgretldks.

La dur sgiurlty mgesurgs erg frgeibg` dr aelc ek` ukeutbdrlzg` eiigss ls dftelkg` tde iclgkts ète, dur sgrvligs mey fg pgriglvg` es kdt fglko sgiurg, iclgkts meyiurtelc dr stdp uslko dur sgrvligs, ek` wg mey lkiur sloklaliekt cleflcltlgs.

Dur sgrvligs lkvdcvg tbg stdreog ek` treksmlssldk da iclgkts prdprlgtery lkadrmetldk ek` prdtgitg`bgectb lkadrmetldk da petlgkts. Fgieusg da tbg sgksltlvlty da tbls lkadrmetldk, sgiurlty ageturgs da dur

sdatwerg erg vgry lmpdrtekt. La dur sgiurlty mgesurgs erg frgeibg` dr aelc es e rgsuct da tblr`-perty eitldk,gmpcdygg grrdr, mecagesekig, lksuaalilgkiy, `gagitlvg `gslok, dr dtbgrwlsg, sdmgdkg mey fg efcg tddftelk ukeutbdrlzg` eiigss td iclgkt dr petlgkt ète. Es e rgsuct, dur rgputetldk iduc` fg èmeog`, durfuslkgss mey suaagr, ek` wg iduc aeig èmeogs adr idktreit frgeib, pgkectlgs adr vldcetldk daeppcliefcg cews dr rgoucetldks ek` sloklaliekt idsts adr rgmg`letldk ek` rgmg`letldk gaadrts td prgvgktauturg diiurrgkigs. _g rgcy updk dur iclgkts es usgrs da dur systgm adr hgy eitlvltlgs td prdmdtg sgiurltyda tbg systgm ek` tbg ète wltblk lt, suib es e`mlklstretldk da iclgkt-sl`g eiigss irg`gktleclko ek` idktrdcda iclgkt-sl`g `lspcey da ète. Dk diiesldk, dur iclgkts bevg aelcg` td pgradrm tbgsg eitlvltlgs. Aelcurg daiclgkts td pgradrm tbgsg eitlvltlgs mey rgsuct lk icelms eoelkst us tbet tbls rgclekig wes mlspceig`, wblibiduc` gxpdsg us td sloklaliekt gxpgksg ek` berm td dur rgputetldk. Fgieusg tgibklqugs usg` td dftelkukeutbdrlzg` eiigss dr td sefdteog systgms ibekog argqugktcy ek` ogkgreccy erg kdt rgidoklzg` uktlcceukibg` eoelkst e terogt, wg mey fg ukefcg td ektlilpetg tbgsg tgibklqugs dr td lmpcgmgkt e`gquetgprgvgktlvg mgesurgs. La ek eituec dr pgriglvg` frgeib da dur sgiurlty diiurs, tbg merhgt pgrigptldk da tbggaagitlvgkgss da dur sgiurlty mgesurgs iduc` fg bermg` ek` wg iduc` cdsg secgs ek` iclgkts. Lk e``ltldk,dur iclgkts mey eutbdrlzg dr gkefcg tblr` pertlgs td eiigss tbglr iclgkt ète dr tbg ète da tbglr petlgkts dkdur systgms. Fgieusg wg `d kdt idktrdc suib eiigss, wg iekkdt gksurg tbg idmpcgtg prdprlgty da tbeteiigss dr lktgorlty dr sgiurlty da suib ète lk dur systgms.

Aelcurg fy dur iclgkts td dftelk prdpgr pgrmlssldks ek` welvgrs mey rgsuct lk icelmseoelkst us dr mey clmlt dr prgvgkt dur usg da ète, wblib iduc` berm dur fuslkgss.

_g rgqulrg dur iclgkts td prdvl`g kgigssery kdtligs ek` td dftelk kgigssery pgrmlssldks ek`welvgrs adr usg ek` `lsicdsurg da tbg lkadrmetldk tbet wg rgiglvg, ek` wg rgqulrg idktreituec essurekigsardm tbgm tbet tbgy bevg `dkg sd ek` wlcc `d sd. La tbgy `d kdt dftelk kgigssery pgrmlssldks ek`welvgrs, tbgk dur usg ek` `lsicdsurg da lkadrmetldk tbet wg rgiglvg ardm tbgm dr dk tbglr fgbeca mey fg

clmltg` dr prdblfltg` fy stetg dr ag`grec prlveiy cews dr dtbgr eppcliefcg cews. Pbls iduc` lmpelr duraukitldks, prdigssgs ek` ètefesgs tbet rgacgit, idktelk, dr erg fesg` updk suib ète ek` mey prgvgktusg da suib ète. Lk e``ltldk, tbls iduc` lktgragrg wltb dr prgvgkt irgetldk dr usg da rucgs ek` ekecysgs drclmlt dtbgr ète-`rlvgk eitlvltlgs tbet erg fgkgalilec td dur fuslkgss. Mdrgdvgr, wg mey fg sufjgit tdicelms dr cleflclty adr usg dr `lsicdsurg da lkadrmetldk fy rgesdk da ceih da vecl` kdtlig, pgrmlssldk drwelvgr. Pbgsg icelms dr cleflcltlgs iduc` sufjgit us td ukgxpgitg` idsts ek` e`vgrsgcy eaagit dur dpgretlkorgsucts.

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_g aeig tbg pdsslflclty da èmeogs rgsuctlko ardm lktgrkec ek` gxtgrkec sgiurltyfrgeibgs ek` vlrusgs.

Lk tbg idursg da dur fuslkgss dpgretldks, wg idmplcg ek` treksmlt idkal`gktlec lkadrmetldk, lkicu`lkopetlgkt bgectb lkadrmetldk, lk dur prdigsslko igktgrs ek` dtbgr aeilcltlgs. E frgeib da sgiurlty lk eky datbgsg aeilcltlgs iduc` èmeog dur rgputetldk ek` rgsuct lk èmeogs fglko essgssg` eoelkst us. Lke``ltldk, tbg dtbgr systgms wltb wblib wg mey lktgraeig, suib es tbg Lktgrkgt ek` rgcetg` systgms mey fg

vuckgrefcg td sgiurlty frgeibgs, vlrusgs, prdoremmlko grrdrs, dr slmlcer `lsruptlvg prdfcgms. Pbg gaagit datbgsg sgiurlty frgeibgs ek` rgcetg` lssugs iduc` `lsrupt dur eflclty td pgradrm igrtelk hgy fuslkgssaukitldks ek` iduc` pdtgktleccy rg uig `gmek` adr dur sgrvligs. Eiidr lkocy, wg bevg gxpgk`g`sloklaliekt rgsdurigs tdwer` gstefclsblko ek` gkbekilko tbg sgiurlty da dur rgcetg` lkarestruiturgs,ectbduob kd essurekig iek fg olvgk tbet tbgy wlcc fg gktlrgcy argg ardm pdtgktlec frgeib. Melktelklkoek` gkbekilko dur lkarestruiturg sgiurlty mey rgqulrg us td gxpgk` sloklaliekt iepltec lk tbg auturg.

Pbg suiigss da dur stretgoy td daagr dur G@L sgrvligs ek` Lktgrkgt sdcutldks `gpgk`s dk tbgidkal`gkig da dur iclgkts lk dur eflclty td sgiurgcy treksmlt idkal`gktlec lkadrmetldk. Dur G@L sgrvligs ek`Lktgrkgt sdcutldks rgcy dk gkiryptldk, eutbgktlietldk ek` dtbgr sgiurlty tgibkdcdoy cligksg` ardm tblr`pertlgs td eiblgvg sgiurg treksmlssldk da idkal`gktlec lkadrmetldk. _g mey kdt fg efcg td stdpukeutbdrlzg` ettgmpts td oelk eiigss td dr `lsrupt tbg treksmlssldk da idmmuklietldks fy dur iclgkts.Ekydkg wbd ls efcg td ilriumvgkt dur sgiurlty mgesurgs iduc` mlsepprdprletg idkal`gktlec usgr

lkadrmetldk dr lktgrrupt dur, dr dur iclgkts, dpgretldks. Lk e``ltldk, dur G@L ek` Lktgrkgt sdcutldks mey fgvuckgrefcg td vlrusgs, pbysliec dr gcgitrdkli frgeh-lks ek` slmlcer `lsruptldks.

Eky aelcurg td prdvl g sgiurg lkarestruiturg ek`/dr gcgitrdkli idmmuklietldk sgrvligs iduc` rgsuct lke ceih da trust fy dur iclgkts ieuslko tbgm td sggh dut dtbgr vgk`drs ek`/dr èmeog dur rgputetldk lk tbgmerhgt, mehlko lt `laaliuct td dftelk kgw iclgkts.

_g erg sufjgit td tbg `gvgcdpmgkt ek` melktgkekig da tbg Lktgrkgt lkarestruiturg,wblib ls kdt wltblk dur idktrdc, ek` wblib mey `lmlklsb Lktgrkgt useog ekèvelceflclty es wgcc es eiigss td dur wgfsltg.

_g `gclvgr Lktgrkgt-fesg` sgrvligs ek`, eiidr`lkocy, wg erg `gpgk`gkt dk tbg melktgkekig da tbgLktgrkgt fy tblr` pertlgs. Pbg Lktgrkgt lkarestruiturg mey fg ukefcg td suppdrt tbg `gmek`s pceig` dk ltek` dur pgradrmekig mey `girgesg la tbg Lktgrkgt idktlkugs td gxpgrlgkig lts blstdrli trgk` da gxpek`lkouseog. Es e rgsuct da èmeog td pdrtldks da lts lkarestruiturg, tbg Lktgrkgt bes gxpgrlgkig` e verlgty dapgradrmekig prdfcgms wblib mey idktlkug lktd tbg adrgsggefcg auturg. Yuib Lktgrkgt rgcetg` prdfcgmsmey `lmlklsb Lktgrkgt useog ek` evelceflclty da tbg Lktgrkgt td us adr treksmlttec da dur Lktgrkgt-fesg`sgrvligs. Lk e` ltldk, `laaliuctlgs, duteogs ek` `gceys fy Lktgrkgt sgrvlig prdvl`grs, dkclkg sgrvligprdvl`grs ek` dtbgr wgfsltg dpgretdrs mey dfstruit dr `lmlklsb eiigss td dur wgfsltg fy dur iclgkts,rgsuctlko lk e cdss da pdtgktlec dr gxlstlko usgrs da dur sgrvligs.

Dur fuslkgss `gpgk`s dk idktlkug` ek` uklmpg`g` eiigss td tbg Lktgrkgt fy us ek`dur iustdmgrs, wblib ls kdt wltblk dur idktrdc.

_g `gclvgr Lktgrkgt-fesg` sgrvligs ek , eiidr lkocy, `gpgk` dk dur eflclty ek` tbg eflclty da duriustdmgrs td eiigss tbg Lktgrkgt. Pbls eiigss ls iurrgktcy prdvl`g` fy tblr` pertlgs tbet bevg sloklaliekt

merhgt pdwgr lk tbg frde`fek` ek` Lktgrkgt eiigss merhgtpceig, lkicu lko lkiumfgkt tgcgpbdkgidmpeklgs, iefcg idmpeklgs, mdflcg idmmuklietldks idmpeklgs ek` odvgrkmgkt-dwkg` sgrvligprdvl`gs ecc da wbdm erg dutsl`g da dur idktrdc. Lk tbg gvgkt da eky `laaliuctlgs, duteogs ek` `gceys fyLktgrkgt sgrvlig prdvl`grs, wg mey fg lmpg`g` ardm prdvl`lko sgrvligs, rgsuctlko lk e cdss da pdtgktlec drgxlstlko iustdmgrs.

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Dur prdùits mey fg sufjgit td prdùit cleflclty cgoec icelms, wblib iduc` bevg eke`vgrsg gaagit dk dur fuslkgss, rgsucts da dpgretldks ek` alkekilec idk`ltldk.

Igrtelk da dur prdùits prdvl`g eppclietldks tbet rgcetg td petlgkt iclkliec lkadrmetldk. Eky aelcurg fydur prdùits td prdvl`g eiiuretg ek` tlmgcy lkadrmetldk idkigrklko petlgkts, tbglr mg`lietldk, trgetmgktek` bgectb stetus, ogkgreccy, iduc` rgsuct lk icelms eoelkst us wblib iduc` metgrleccy ek` e`vgrsgcylmpeit dur alkekilec pgradrmekig, lkùstry rgputetldk ek` eflclty td merhgt kgw systgm secgs. Lk e``ltldk,

e idurt dr odvgrkmgkt eogkiy mey tehg tbg pdsltldk tbet dur `gclvgry da bgectb lkadrmetldk `lrgitcy,lkicu`lko tbrduob cligksg` preitltldkgrs, dr `gclvgry da lkadrmetldk fy e tblr` perty sltg tbet e idksumgreiigssgs tbrduob dur wgfsltgs, gxpdsgs us td essgrtldks da mecpreitlig, dtbgr pgrsdkec lkjury cleflclty, drdtbgr cleflclty adr wrdkoauc `gclvgry/bek`clko da bgectbierg sgrvligs dr grrdkgdus bgectb lkadrmetldk. _gmelktelk lksurekig td prdtgit eoelkst icelms essdiletg` wltb tbg usg da dur prdùits es wgcc es cleflcltyclmltetldk cekoueog lk dur gk`-usgr cligksg eorggmgkts, fut tbgrg iek fg kd essurekig tbet dur lksurekigidvgreog dr idktreituec cekoueog wduc` e`gquetgcy idvgr eky icelm essgrtg` eoelkst us. E suiigssaucicelm frduobt eoelkst us lk gxigss da dr dutsl`g da dur lksurekig idvgreog iduc` bevg ek e`vgrsg gaagitdk dur fuslkgss, rgsucts da dpgretldks ek` alkekilec idk`ltldk. Gvgk uksuiigssauc icelms iduc` rgsuct lk durgxpgk`lturg da auk`s adr cltloetldk ek` mekeogmgkt tlmg ek` rgsdurigs.

Igrtelk bgectbierg prdagssldkecs wbd usg dur Lktgrkgt-fesg` prdùits wlcc `lrgitcy gktgr bgectblkadrmetldk efdut tbglr petlgkts lkicu`lko lkadrmetldk tbet idkstltutgs e rgidr` uk`gr eppcliefcg cew tbet

wg mey stdrg dk dur idmputgr systgms. Kumgrdus ag`grec ek` stetg cews ek` rgoucetldks, tbg idmmdkcew ek` idktreituec dfcloetldks, odvgrk idccgitldk, `lssgmlketldk, usg ek` idkal`gktleclty da petlgkt-l`gktlalefcg bgectb lkadrmetldk, lkicu`lko:

stetg ek` ag`grec prlveiy ek` idkal`gktleclty cews8

dur idktreits wltb iclgkts ek` pertkgrs8

stetg cews rgoucetlko bgectbierg prdagssldkecs8

Mg`liel` cews8

tbg BLÊE ek` rgcetg` rucgs prdpdsg` fy tbg Bgectb Ierg Alkekilko E`mlklstretldk8 ek`

Bgectb Ierg Alkekilko E`mlklstretldk stekèr`s adr Lktgrkgt treksmlssldk da bgectb ète.

BLÊE gstefclsbgs gcgmgkts lkicu`lko, fut kdt clmltg` td, ag`grec prlveiy ek` sgiurlty stekèr`s adrtbg usg ek` prdtgitldk da ^rdtgitg` Bgectb Lkadrmetldk. Eky aelcurg fy us dr fy dur pgrsdkkgc dr pertkgrstd idmpcy wltb eppcliefcg rgqulrgmgkts mey rgsuct lk e metgrlec cleflclty td us.

Ectbduob wg bevg systgms ek` pdclilgs lk pceig adr seagouer`lko ^rdtgitg` Bgectb Lkadrmetldk ardmukeutbdrlzg` `lsicdsurg, tbgsg systgms ek` pdclilgs mey kdt prgicu`g icelms eoelkst us adr eccgog`vldcetldks da eppcliefcg rgqulrgmgkts. Ecsd, tblr` perty sltgs ek`/dr clkhs tbet idksumgrs mey eiigsstbrduob dur wgf sltgs mey kdt melktelk e`gquetg systgms td seagouer` tbls lkadrmetldk, dr meyilriumvgkt systgms ek` pdclilgs wg bevg put lk pceig. Lk e``ltldk, auturg cews dr ibekogs lk iurrgkt cewsmey kgigssltetg idstcy eèptetldks td dur pdclilgs, prdigùrgs, dr systgms.

Pbgrg iek fg kd essurekig tbet wg wlcc kdt fg sufjgit td prdùit cleflclty icelms, tbet suib icelmswlcc kdt rgsuct lk cleflclty lk gxigss da dur lksurekig idvgreog, tbet dur lksurekig wlcc idvgr suib icelms dr

tbet epprdprletg lksurekig wlcc idktlkug td fg evelcefcg td us lk tbg auturg et idmmgrileccy rgesdkefcgretgs. Yuib prdùit cleflclty icelms iduc` e`vgrsgcy eaagit dur fuslkgss, rgsucts da dpgretldks ek` alkekilecidk`ltldk.

_g erg sufjgit td tbg gaagit da peydr ek` prdvl`gr idkùit wblib wg iekkdt idktrdcek` eiidr`lkocy, tbgrg ls kd essurekig tbet rgvgkug adr dur sgrvligs wlcc idktlkug etblstdrli cgvgcs.

_g daagr igrtelk gcgitrdkli icelms sufmlssldk prdùits ek` sgrvligs es pert da dur prdùit clkg._blcg wg bevg lmpcgmgktg` igrtelk prdùit ageturgs `gslokg` td mexlmlzg tbg eiiureiy ek`

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idmpcgtgkgss da icelms sufmlssldks, tbgsg ageturgs mey kdt fg suaalilgkt td prgvgkt lkeiiuretg icelmsète ardm fglko sufmlttg` td peydrs. Ybduc` lkeiiuretg icelms ète fg sufmlttg` td peydrs, wg mey fgsufjgit td cleflclty icelms.

Gcgitrdkli ète treksmlssldk sgrvligs erg daagrg` fy igrtelk peydrs td bgectbierg prdvl`grs tbetgstefclsb e `lrgit clkh fgtwggk tbg prdvl`gr ek` peydr. Pbls prdigss rgùigs rgvgkug td tblr` perty G@Lsgrvlig prdvl`grs suib es us. Es e rgsuct da tbls, ek` dtbgr merhgt aeitdrs, wg erg ukefcg td gksurg tbet

wg wlcc idktlkug td ogkgretg rgvgkug et dr lk gxigss da prldr cgvgcs adr suib sgrvligs.E sloklaliekt lkirgesg lk tbg utlclzetldk da `lrgit clkhs fgtwggk bgectbierg prdvl`grs ek` peydrs

iduc` e`vgrsgcy eaagit dur trekseitldk vdcumg ek` alkekilec rgsucts. Lk e` ltldk, wg iekkdt prdvl`gessurekig tbet wg wlcc fg efcg td melktelk dur gxlstlko clkhs td peydrs dr `gvgcdp kgw idkkgitldks dktgrms tbet erg gidkdmlieccy setlsaeitdry td us, la et ecc.

Vlshs Vgcetg` td Vgoucetldk

_g aeig lkirgeslko lkvdcvgmgkt da tbg ag`grec odvgrkmgkt lk dur lkùstry, wblibmey olvg rlsg td ukigrtelk ek` ukwerrektg` gxpgitetldks idkigrklko tbg fgkgaltswg erg td rgiglvg ardm odvgrkmgkt auk`lko ek` prdorems.

Lk Agfruery 6>> flccldk `dccers td bgectbierg LP dvgr tbg kgxt sgvgrec ygers. Pbg prdvlsldk da tbgcgolscetldk tbet e``rgssgs bgectb lkadrmetldk tgibkdcdoy spgilalieccy ls hkdwk es tbg Bgectb LkadrmetldkPgibkdcdoy adr Gidkdmli ek` Iclkliec Bgectb Eit (BLPGIB Eit). Wk`gr tbg prdvlsldks da BLPGIB Eit,tbg EVVE lkicu`gs sloklaliekt alkekilec lkigktlvgs td bgectbierg prdvl`grs wbd iek `gmdkstretgmgeklkoauc usg da igrtlalg` GBV tgibkdcdoy fgolkklko lk 6>55. _blcg wg gxpgit tbg EVVE td irgetgsloklaliekt dppdrtukltlgs adr secgs da KgxtOgkgbr dvgr tbg kgxt sgvgrec ygers, wg erg uksurg da tbglmmg`letg dr cdko-tgrm lmpeit ardm tbg EVVE.

Lk dr`gr adr dur iustdmgrs td queclay adr lkigktlvgs rgcetg` td GBV usg, dur prdùits must mggt verldusrgqulrgmgkts adr prdùit igrtlalietldk uk`gr tbg rgoucetldks ek` must gkefcg dur iustdmgrs td eiblgvgmgeklkoauc usg, es suib tgrm ls iurrgktcy `galkg` uk`gr tbg Jucy 62, 6>5> Alkec Vucg e`dptg` fy tbgIgktgrs adr Mg`lierg & Mg`liel` Ygrvligs, W.Y. @gpertmgkt da Bgectb ek` Bumek Ygrvligs (IMY), ekùk`gr eky auturg rgoucetldks ek` oulèkig tbet IMY mey rgcgesg rgcetg` td tbg lkigktlvg prdorem. Pbg

IMY Alkec Vucg prdvl`gs adr e pbesg` epprdeib td lmpcgmgktetldk da tbg mgeklkoauc usg stekèr`s, wltbYteog 5 sgt adrtb lk tbg alkec rucg ek` Yteogs 6 ek` 9 rgsgrvg` adr auturg rucgmehlko fesg` updk tbggxpgrlgkigs wltb Yteog 5. Ecsd, e alkec rucg bes fggk lmpcgmgktg` fy tbg Daalig da Ketldkec Iddr`lketdr,W.Y. @gpertmgkt da Bgectb ek` Bumek Ygrvligs, td e`dpt ek lkltlec sgt da stekèr`s, lmpcgmgktetldkspgilalietldks, ek` igrtlalietldk irltgrle td gkbekig tbg usg da bgectb lkadrmetldk tgibkdcdoy ek` suppdrt ltsmgeklkoauc usg. Olvgk tbet IMY wlcc rgcgesg auturg rgoucetldks rgcetg` td gcgitrdkli bgectb rgidr`s, dureflclty td eiblgvg prdùit igrtlalietldk fy IIBLP ek` dtbgr rgoucetdry fd`lgs, ek` tbg cgkotb, la eky, dae` ltldkec rgcetg` `gvgcdpmgkt ek` dtbgr gaadrts rgqulrg` td mggt mgeklkoauc usg stekèr s iduc`metgrleccy lmpeit dur eflclty td idmpgtg ek` td mexlmlzg dur merhgt dppdrtuklty.

_g aeig tbg rlshs ek` ukigrtelktlgs tbet erg essdiletg` wltb cltloetldk eoelkst us,wblib mey e`vgrsgcy lmpeit dur merhgtlko, `lstreit mekeogmgkt ek` bevg e

kgoetlvg lmpeit updk dur fuslkgss, rgsucts da dpgretldks ek` alkekilec idk`ltldk._g aeig tbg rlshs essdiletg` wltb cltloetldk idkigrklko tbg dpgretldk da dur fuslkgss. Pbg

ukigrtelkty essdiletg` wltb sufstektlec ukrgsdcvg` cltloetldk mey bevg ek e`vgrsg gaagit dk dur fuslkgss.Lk pertliucer, suib cltloetldk iduc` lmpelr dur rgcetldksblps wltb gxlstlko iclgkts ek` dur eflclty td dftelkkgw iclgkts. @gag

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QSI 2012 Annual Report