qarTuli kenkris ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi evrokavSiris bazarze · 2019. 11. 7. · qarTuli kenkris ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi evrokavSiris bazarze An Overview of the Potential of

qarTuli kenkris ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi evrokavSiris bazarze

An Overview of the Potential of Georgian Berries on the EU market

politikis dokumenti

Policy Document

avtori:salome gelaSvili

ISET-is kvleviTi instituti

Author: Salome GelashviliISET Policy Institute

proeqtis SesaxebbroSura momzadebulia evrokavSiris mier dafi-nansebuli proeqtis „sursaTisa da soflis meur-neobis dargSi mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis mxar-damWeri iniciativa“ (FASSI) farglebSi. proeqtis ganmaxorcieleblebi arian: saqarTvelos fermer-Ta asociacia (GFA), ISET-is kvleviTi instituti (ISET-PI), asociacia „aTinaTi“, samoqalaqo ganviTa-rebis saagento (CiDA) da eqsportis ganviTarebis asociacia (EDA).

proeqti miznad isaxavs mcire da saSualo agro-sawarmoebis evrokavSiris bazarze gasvlaSi dax-marebas, biznesis mxardamWeri organizaciebis gaZlierebis gziT.

About the projectThis document was developed within the project “Food and Agriculture SME Support Initiative (FASSI)” fun-ded by the European Union and implemented by the Georgian Farmers’ Association together with its part-ner organizations: ISET Policy Institute, Civil Develop-ment Agency (CiDA), Export Development Association (EDA), and Association Atinati.

The project’s main objective is to strengthen the capa-city of Business Support Organizations in the food and agriculture sectors so that they may more effectively assist their members to comply with the new regula-tions and gain access to the EU market.

1. Sesavali1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................5

2. kenkrovani kulturebi saqarTveloSi2. Berry crops in Georgia .......................................................................................................5

3. kenkrovani kulturebi msoflio bazarze3. Berry crops on the world market ...................................................................................15

3.1. marwyvi3.1. Strawberries .................................................................................................................183.2. mocvi3.2. Blueberries ...................................................................................................................233.3. Jolo da mayvali3.3. Raspberries and blackberries ......................................................................................27

4. daskvna 4. Conclusion .........................................................................................................................335. rekomendaciebi 5. Recommendations ..............................................................................................................37

gamoyenebuli literatura Bibliography ..........................................................................................................................41

Sinaarsi/Contents


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1. Sesavali qarTvel fermerebSi kenkrovani kul-

turebis warmoeba sul ufro meti popula-robiT sargeblobs. sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis diversifikaciis saWiroebisa da evrokavSiris bazarTan dakavSirebuli SesaZleblobebis Sedegad, seqtors meti yuradReba eqceva rogorc fermerebis, ise saxelmwifos mxridan.

amJamad araerTi saerTaSoriso organi-zaciis proeqti Tu saxelmwifo pragrama swored am seqtoris ganviTarebazea mi-marTuli.

am politikis dokumentis mizania:• ZiriTadi kenkrovani kulturebis po-

tencialis mimoxilva evrokavSiris ba-zarze;

• kenkrovnebis RirebulebaTa jaWvis gamowvevebisa da SesaZleblobebis mi-moxilva; da

• rekomendaciebis gaweva kenkrovnebis RirebulebaTa jaWvis monawileebisTvis. politikis dokumentSi warmodgenili in-

formaciis wyaroa literaturis mimoxilva, statistikuri monacemebis analizi da indi-vidualuri interviuebi mwarmoeblebTan, eqspertebsa da sajaro da arasamTavrobo seqtoris warmomadgenlebTan.

2. kenkrovani kulturebi saqarTveloSikenkrovani kulturebis warmoeba fer-

merul meurneobebSi gansakuTrebiT aq-tualuri gaxda bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi. Tu adre kenkrovani kulturebi, ZiriTadad, velur pirobebSi modioda da saojaxo meu-rneobebi sakuTari moxmarebisTvis gamoi-yenebdnen, dRes ukve kenkrovnebis warmoeba komercializaciis ufro maRali doniT gamoirCeva, rasac sxva qveynebidan kul-

1. IntroductionThe cultivation of berries is be-

coming increasingly popular among farmers in Georgia. The necessity of diversification in agricultural produc-tion and opportunities in the EU mar-ket have led farmers and the state to placing greater focus on the sector. At present, many international orga-nizations’ projects, as well as state programs, are directed towards the development of this sector.

The objective of this policy document is to:• Assess the potential of the main va-

rieties of berry on the EU market;• Identify the challenges and opportu-

nities of the berry value chain;• Provide recommendations to the val-

ue chain actors. The information provided in this

policy document is based on a litera-ture review, an analysis of statistical data, and on individual interviews with producers, experts, and public sector representatives.

2. Berry crops in GeorgiaIn recent years, the farming produc-

tion of berry crops has become extremely popular. Where previously berry crops grew mostly under wild conditions and were utilized domestically by family farms, presently, the production of ber-ries is characterized by greater levels of commercialization, aided by the im-port of new varieties of berry from other countries.1 Since berries have gained popularity among farmers, in just the

1 Kochlamazishvili, I. & Khatisashvili, N. (2019). Blackberry value chain analysis in Kakheti

6An Overview of the Potential of Georgian Berries on the EU market

Policy Document

turuli jiSebis Semosvla ganapirobebs.1 vinaidan kenkrovnebma gansakuTrebuli popularoba fermerebSi bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi moipova, gaSenebuli baRebis umetesoba srul msxmoiarobaSi jer ar aris Sesuli. statistikuri monacemebis Tanaxmad, kenkrovani xilis warmoeba saqar-TveloSi 2017 wels TiTqmis 3-jer aRemate-boda 2013 da 2014 wlebis monacemebs, rac kenkrovnebis warmoebis mzard tempebze mianiSnebs (1-li diagrama).

rac Seexeba kenkrovnebis naTesi farTo-bebis regionul gadanawilebas, 2017 wels kenkrovnebis yvelaze didi naTesi farTo-bebi iyo kaxeTSi (867 ha), Sida qarTlsa (485 ha) da imereTSi (304 ha). monacemebidan Cans, rom kenkrovnebis gaSeneba saqarTvelos yvela regionSi xdeba (me-2 diagarama).

diagrama 1. kenkrovnebis warmoeba saqarTveloSi

wyaro: saqstati, 2018 weli

1 koWlamaziSvili i., xatisaSvili n. ‒ „mayvlis Rirebu-lebaTa jaWvis analizi kaxeTis regionSi“, 2019 w.

last few years, most cultivated orchards have not yet fully entered fructification. The statistical data from 2017 reveals that berry production in Georgia was almost three times higher than the indicators from 2013 and 2014, which suggests an increasing pace in production (Figure 1).

The regional distribution of sown ar-eas of berries in 2017 shows that the larg-est areas were located in Kakheti (867 ha), Shida Kartli (485 ha), and Imereti (304 ha). As the data further highlights, berries are being cultivated in every Georgian region (Figure 2).

Figure 1. Berry production in Georgia

Source: Geostat, 2018

kenkrovani xilis warmoeba saqarTveloSi (aTasi tona) Production of berries in Georgia (thousand tons)

2017201620152014

1.11.1

3.03.2


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diagrama 2. kenkrovnebis naTesi farTobi, 2017 weli

wyaro: garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis

saministro, 2018 weli

saqarTveloSi kenkrovnebis warmoebis popularizacias xeli ramdenime faqtorma Seuwyo:1. saqarTvelos klimatur-niadaguri pi-

robebi xels uwyobs kenkrovnebis mo-yvanas;

2. qveynis geografiuli mdebareoba xel-sayrelia rogorc evropis, ise aziisa da axlo aRmosavleTis qveynebTan vaWro-bisTvis;

3. kenkrovani kulturebis warmoebidan miRebuli Semosavali da mogeba xSirad aRemateba saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli sxva kulturebidan miRebul Semosaval-sa da mogebas (1-li cxrili);

Figure 2. Berry orchards, by regions (ha), 2017

Source: The Ministry of Environment Protection and Agriculture, 2018

Several factors have contributed to the promotion of berry production in Georgia:1. Georgian climate and soil conditions

are beneficial for berry cultivation;2. The geographical location of the

country is favorable for trading with Europe, as well as with Asia, and the Middle East;

3. The revenue and profit from berry production often exceeds the reve-nue from other cultures common in Georgia (Table 1);

kenkrovani kulturebis naTesi farTobebi saqarTveloSi regionebis mixedviT (ha, 2017 weli)Berry orchards by regions (ha)

866.9

485.2

304.3

176.0115.7

61.5 57.3 43.5 27.1 21.5

kaxe

Ti

Kak

heti

Sida

qarTl

iS

hida

Kar

tli

imer

eTi

Imer

eti

guria

Gur

ia

qvem

o q

arTl

iK

vem

o K

artli

same

grel

o-z

emo s

vane

Ti

Sam

egre

lo-Z

emo

Sva

neti

samc

xe-j

avax

eTi

Sam

tskh

e–Ja

vakh

eti

mcxe

Ta-

mTia

neTi

Mts

khet

a-M

tiane

ti

raW

a-l

eCxu

mi d

a qv

emo s

vane

Ti

Rac

ha-L

echk

hum

i and

K

vem

o S

vane

ti

aWar

is a

/rA

djar

a


Policy Document

1-li cxrili. kenkrovnebis mosavlianoba da fasi

kulturaCrop variety

mosavlianobakg/ha

Yield kg / ha

normatiuli fasi lari/kg

Normative price GEL / kg

normatiuli Rirebuleba

lari/ha normative value GEL/ha

marwyvi/Strawberry 9000 1.5 13500

Jolo/Raspberry 5000 2.8 14000

mocxari/Currant 6000 2 12000

mocvi/Blueberry 8000 4 32000

mayvali/Blackberry 5000 2.8 14000

marcvleuli/Cereals 2760 0.6 1656

parkosani/Legumes 2050 2.3 4715

bostneuli/Vegetables 22000 1.1 24200

wyaro: garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministro, soflis meurneobis proeqtebis marTvis saagento, 2018 weli

SeniSvna: marcvleulis, parkosnebisa da bostneulis SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebulia saSualo maCveneblebi

4. saxelmwifo da saerTaSoriso organiza-ciebi (USAID-is proeqti „zrda“, proeqt ‘‘REAP’’-is gagrZeleba da evrokavSiris ENPARD-is proeqti) aqtiurad uWeren mxars kenkrovnebis warmoebas da fer-mers sTavazoben Tanadafinansebas. ase, magaliTad, proeqt „danerge momavlis“ farglebSi, 30.09.2018 wlis mdgomareo-biT, saqarTveloSi gaSenebuli iyo 434.03 ha kenkrovani kulturis baRi, razec saa-gentom Tanadafinansebis saxiT 4,779,619 lari daxarja (me-3 diagrama).

Table 1. Berry yields and prices

Source: Ministry of Environment Protection and Agriculture of Georgia, Agricultural Projects Mana-gement Agency, 2018Note: Average values are indicated in case of cereals, legumes and vegetables

4. State and international organizations (the USAID project ‘Growth in Geor-gia’, the REAP project, and the EU ENPARD project) actively support the production of berries and offer farm-ers co-financing opportunities. For instance, as of the end of September 2018, in the framework of the project ‘Plant the Future’, 434.03 ha of berries have been planted in Georgia and the agency has spent 4,779,619 GEL on co-financing (Figure 3).


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diagrama 3. „danerge momavali“-s farglebSi gaSenebuli baRebi

wyaro: garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministro, soflis meurneobis proeqtebis marTvis saagento, 2018 w.

diagrama 4. „danerge momavali“-s farglebSi gaSenebuli baRebi regionebis mixedviT


Figure 3. Orchards planted within the framework of ‘‘Plant the Future”

Source: Ministry of Environment Protection and Agriculture of Georgia, Agricultural Projects Mana-gement Agency, 2018

Figure 4. Orchards planted within the framework of ‘‘Plant the Future”, by region


“danerge momavlis” farglebSi gaSenebuli baRis farTobebi (ha)Orchards planted within the program “Plant the Future”, (ha)

2015

22.926.34

66.77

82.59

64.37

87.64

27.5733.89

9.54 12.120.30

2016 2017 2018*

Jolo Raspberry

mayvali Blackberry

lurji mocviBlueberry

gaSenebuli baRebi regionebis mixedviT (ha)Planted orchards by regions (ha)

kaxe

Ti

Kak

heti

Sida

qarTl

iS

hida

Kar

tli

imer

eTi

Imer

eti

guria

Gur

ia

qvem

o q

arTl

iK

vem

o K

artli

same

grel

o

Sam

egre

lo

samc

xe-j

avax

eTi

Sam

tskh

e–Ja

vakh

eti

mcxe

Ta-

mTia

neTi

Mts

khet

a-M

tiane

ti

aWar

is

Adj

ara


Policy Document

programis farglebSi gaSenebuli baRe-bis 47% lurj mocvze modis, 28% – Joloze, xolo 25% – mayvalze. rac Seexeba regio-nul gadanawilebas, programis farglebSi yvelaze didi farTobis baRebi aWaris re-gionSi gaSenda (ix. me-4 diagrama).

rac Seexeba regionuli TvalsazrisiT kulturebis gadanawilebas, magaliTad, lurji mocvis baRebi, ZiriTadad, samegre-loSi gaSenda (ix. me-5 diagrama), mayvlis baRebi – kaxeTSi (me-6 diagrama), xolo Jo-losi – Sida qarTlSi (me-7 diagrama), rac, ZiriTadad, ganpirobebulia niadagur-kli-maturi pirobebiT.

aRsaniSnavia, rom programis farglebSi lurji mocvis warmoeba koncentrirebu-lia 4 regionSi maSin, rodesac mayvlisa da Jolos warmoeba ufro metadaa diversifi-cirebuli regionul WrilSi. magaliTad, Jolo TiTqmis yvela regionSi gaSenda. mar-Talia, baRebis 30% Sida qarTlSia, Tumca sakmaod didi wili warmodgenilia kaxeTSi (17%), guriasa (16%) da qvemo qarTlSi (12%). mayvalic bevrgan iwarmoeba, Tumca baRebis naxevarze meti (51%) kaxeTze modis, romel-sac Sida qarTli mohyveba baRebis 28%-iT.

diagrama 5. „danerge momavali“-s farglebSi gaSenebuli lurji mocvis baRebis regionuli gadanawileba


Around 47% of the gardens built with-in the program grow blueberries, 28% raspberries, and 25% blackberries. As for the regional distribution, the largest orchards within the program are found in Adjara (Figure 4).

Concerning the regional distribution of varieties, blueberries are mainly culti-vated in Samegrelo (Figure 5), blackberry farms are chiefly found in Kakheti (Figure 6), and raspberries in Shida Kartli (Figure 7). These differences are largely due to the varying soil and climatic conditions.

It is noteworthy that blueberry produc-tion is the most concentrated. Within the program, blueberry gardens were culti-vated in just four regions, while blackber-ry and raspberry farming is more region-ally diversified. For example, raspberries are cultivated in almost every region.

Although 30% of all berry gardens are in Shida Kartli, a large proportion are found in Kakheti (17%), Guria (16%), and Kvemo Kartli (12%). Blackberries are grown in various locales, although more than half of the farms (51%) are located to Kakheti, followed by Shida Kartli (28%).

Figure 5. Regional distribution of blueberry orchards in the framework of ‘‘Plant the Future”


lurji mocvis baRebis regionuli gadanawilebaRegional distribution of blueberry orchards (%)

aWaris Adjara

guriaGuria

imereTiImereti

samegrelo Samegrelo

51%

17%

24%

8%


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Figure 6. Regional distribution of blackberry orchards in the frame-work of ‘‘Plant the Future”


Figure 7. Regional distribution of raspberry orchards in the framework of ‘‘Plant the Future”


diagrama 6. „danerge momavali“-s farglebSi gaSenebuli mayvlis baRebis regionuli gadanawileba


diagrama 7. „danerge momavali“-s farglebSi gaSenebuli Jolos baRebis regionuli gadanawileba

wyaro: garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministro, soflis meurneobis proeqtebis marTvis saagento, 2018 weli

imereTiImereti

qvemo qarTliQvemo Kartli

kaxeTiKakheti

mcxeTa-mTianeTiSamtskhe–Mtianeti

Sida qarTliShida Kartli


samegrelo Samegrelo

imereTiImereti

mcxeTa-mTianeTiMtskheta-Mtianeti

guriaGuria

qvemo qarTliKvemo Kartli

kaxeTiKakheti

samcxe-javaxeTiSamtskhe–Javakheti

samegrelo Samegrelosamcxe-javaxeTiSamtskhe–Javakheti

mayvlis baRebis regionuli gadanawilebaRegional distribution of blackberry orchards (%)

mayvlis baRebis regionuli gadanawileba?????

28%

14%

51%

8%

30%

4%

12%

1%10%

1%

3%

17%

3%

16%

2%

qvemo qarTliKvemo Kartli

mcxeTa-mTianeTiMtskheta-Mtianeti


imereTiImereti

guriaGuria

kaxeTiKakheti

samegrelo Samegrelosamcxe-javaxeTiSamtskhe–Javakheti

mayvlis baRebis regionuli gadanawilebaRegional distribution of raspberry orchards (%)

14%

8%

30%

12%1%17%

16%

2%


Policy Document

5. The demand for berry crops is sig-nificant both locally and abroad. A major portion of the world’s fresh berry imports (53% in 2017) are to EU countries, as well as the largest share of frozen berry imports (62% in 2017). Thus, the EU is the world’s largest importer of both frozen and fresh berries (International Trade Center, 2019). In Georgia, the export of berries ex-

ceeds their import. For instance, in 2017, the export of berries (both non-processed and processed) exceeded the import by 24%. The trade balance was also positive from 2008-2011, and in 2013 and 2015.

The export of unprocessed berries was characterized by an increasing trend (Figure 8). As the figure shows, the larg-est share of the exports is related to fresh, unprocessed, non-frozen berries.

Figure 8. Berry export, 2010-2018


5. kenkrovan kulturebze moTxovna maRa-lia rogorc adgilobrivad, ise sazR-vargareT. evrokavSiris qveynebze modis rogorc axali kenkrovnebis msoflio importis (53%, 2017 wels), ise gayinuli kenkris importis (62%, 2017 wels) udi-desi nawili. amrigad, evrokavSiri aris rogorc gayinuli, ise nedli (axali) kenkris yvelaze msxvili importiori msoflioSi (saerTaSoriso savaWro cen-tri, 2019 w.).saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, kenkrovnebis

eqsporti aRemateba imports. ase, magali-Tad, 2017 wels kenkris eqsporti (pirveladi da gadamuSavebuli saxiT, erTad) 24%-iT aRemateboda imports. savaWro saldo da-debiTi iyo 2008-2011, 2013 da 2015 wlebSi.

pirveladi saxiT kenkrovnebis eqsporti zrdadi tendenciiT xasiaTdeba (me-8 dia-grama). rogorc diagramidan Cans, eqspor-tis umetesoba axal, daumuSavebel, gauyinav kenkraze modis.

diagrama 8. kenkrovnebis eqsporti, 2010-2018 ww.


kenkris eqsporti, 2010 - 2018Berry exports, 2010 - 2018

aTas

i aS

S dol

ari

/ th

ousa

nd U

SD

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018*

687.9

493.6 504.7

218.1 155.9

6.1 0.3 0.0

- - - - - - - 1.1 0.1 0.6

axali Fresh

wyalSi an orTqlze Tburad damuSavebuli an daumuSavebeli, gayinuli, Saqrisa an sxva damaTbobeli nivTierebis damatebiT an maT gareSe

uncooked or cooked by steaming or boiling in water, frozen, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter


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Considering the variety of exported berries, the largest section was of blue-berries (Figure 9). In 2018, for instance, blueberry exports reached 88% of the total export value. Furthermore, since 2013, it has held the most significant share of all Georgian fresh berry exports- 97.2% in 2013, 97.7% in 2014, 98.5% in 2015, 96.1% in 2016 and 69.4% in 2017.

Figure 9. Fresh berry exports, by varieties, 2010-2018


In 2018, the main blueberry export markets were Russia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Ukraine. While strawberries were chiefly traded with Latvia, Qatar, and Ukraine, and the main export markets for raspberries and black-berries were Armenia and Russia (Inter-national Trade Center, 2019). For frozen

rac Seexeba saeqsporto saxeobebs, kenkris eqsportSi Rirebulebis TvalsazrisiT, yve-laze didi wili lurji mocvis eqsportze modis (me-9 diagrama). magaliTad, 2018 wels lurj mocvze axali kenkris mTliani eqs-portis 88% modioda. 2013 wlidan swored am kategorias aqvs yvelaze maRali wili axali kenkris eqsportSi. 2013 wels es maCvenebeli 97.2% iyo, 2014 wels – 97.7%, 2015 wels – 98.5%, 2016 wels – 96.1%, 2017 wels ki – 69.4%.

diagrama 9. axali kenkris eqsporti, saxeobebis mixedviT, 2010-2018 ww.


2018 wlis monacemebiT, mocvisTvis Ziri-Tadi saeqsporto bazrebia ruseTi, arabTa gaerTianebuli saemiroebi, yatari da ukrai-na, marwyvisTvis – latvia, yatari da ukraina, xolo Jolosa da mayvlisTvis –somxeTi da ruseTi (saerTaSoriso savaWro centri, 2019 w.). rac Seexeba gayinul kenkras, romlis eqsportic Zalze umniSvneloa, aq ZiriTadi

axali kenkris eqsporti saxeobebis mixedviT Fresh berry exports by varieties, 2010 - 2018

axali marwyvi da xendro Fresh strawberries

axali TeTri, Savi an wiTeli mocxari da xurtkmeli Fresh black, white - or redcurrants and gooseberries

axali StoSi, mocvi da Vaccinium gvaris sxva kenkra fresh cranberries, bilberries and other fruits of the genus Vaccinium

aTas

i aS

S dol

ari

/ th

ousa

nd U

SD

axali Jolo, mayvali, TuTa da loganis kenkra fresh raspberries, blackberries, blueberries and loganberries

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018*-

100.0200.0300.0400.0500.0600.0


Policy Document

bazrebia germania, yatari da TurqeTi (saer-TaSoriso savaWro centri, 2019 w.).

rac Seexeba kenkris imports, eqspor-tisgan gansxvavebiT, sadac umetesoba axa-li kenkris eqsportze modis, importis SemTxvevaSi, wyalSi an orTqlze Tburad damuSavebuli an daumuSavebeli, gayinuli, Saqris an sxva damatkbobeli nivTierebebis damatebiT, an maT gareSe, kenkris importi sakmaod aqtualuria. 2017 wlamde igi ufro naklebi iyo vidre axali kenkris importi, magram 2018 wels axalze ufro meti swored am kategoriis kenkra Semovida saqarTve-loSi (me-10 diagrama).

diagrama 10. kenkris importi, 2010-2018 ww.


rac Seexeba importirebuli kenkrovne-bis saxeobebs, importSi yvelaze didi wili marwyvze modis, romelsac mohyveba mocvi

berries, the export of which is largely insignificant, the principal markets were Germany, Qatar, and Turkey (Interna-tional Trade Center, 2019).

While the largest share of exports consists of fresh berries, imports focus on fruit processed with water or steam, frozen berries, and those with added sugar or other sweeteners. Until 2017, the import of these berries was less than that of fresh berries, however by 2018, berries from this category had taken the larger share of total imports (Figure 10).

Figure 10. Import of berries, 2010-2018


As for imported berries, the largest share of imports was in strawberries, followed by blueberries (Figure 11). As

kenkrovnebis importi Berry imports, 2010 - 2018

axali Fresh

wyalSi an orTqlze Tburad damuSavebuli an daumuSavebeli, gayinuli, Saqrisa an sxva damaTbobeli nivTierebis damatebiT an maT gareSe

uncooked or cooked by steaming or boiling in water, frozen, whether or not contaning added sugar or other sweetening matter

aTas

i aS

S dol

ari

/ th

ousa

nd U

SD

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018*

95.3 78.5 75.8 119.1

152.9 97.6

334.7

198.7

20.9 32.2 26.0 42.6 58.6

98.4

192.7

265.2

394.0

281.4


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(me-11 diagrama). rogorc diagramidan Cans, es tendencia narCundeba bolo 9 wlis gan-mavlobaSi. marwyvis importi mniSvnelovnad aRemateba sxva kenkris imports.

diagrama 11. axali kenkris importi, saxeobebis mixedviT, 2010-2018 ww.


3. kenkrovani kulturebi msoflio bazarzerac Seexeba msoflio tendencias, qvemoT

mocemulia kenkrovnebis msoflio bazris ramdenime maxasiaTebeli (me-2 cxrili).

illustrated within the figure, this trend has held for the last nine years. The import of strawberries largely exceeds that of other varieties of berry.

Figure 11. Fresh berry imports, according by varieties, 2010-2018


3. Berry crops on the world marketRegarding worldwide trends, a few

characteristics of the world berry market are illustrated below (Table 2).

axali kenkris importi saxeobebis mixedviT, 2010-2018 ww.Fresh berry imports by varieties, 2010 - 2018

-

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018*

axali marwyvi da xendro Fresh strawberries

axali Jolo, mayvali, TuTa da loganis kenkra fresh raspberries, blackberries, blueberries and loganberries

axali StoSi, mocvi da Vaccinium gvaris sxva kenkra fresh cranberries, bilberries and other fruits of the genus Vaccinium

axali TeTri, Savi an wiTeli mocxari da xurtkmeli Fresh black, white - or redcurrants and gooseberriesaT

asi

aSS

dol

ari

/ th

ousa

nd U

SD


Policy Document

Table 2. World market characteristics

Source: https://www.tridge.comNote: Data last updated on 15 March 2019

me-2 cxrili. msoflio bazris maxasiaTeblebi

wyaro: https://www.tridge.comSeniSvna: monacemTa bolo ganaxlebis TariRi 15 marti, 2019 w.

das

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ar aris

xe

lmi

sawv

domi

Not

ava

ilabl

e


politikis dokumenti

17

amrigad, yvelaze maRali saSualo fasi aqvs Jolos, romlis umsxvilesi mwarmoebe-lia ruseTi. marTalia, Jolos aqvs maRali fasi, Tumca fasis variaciis koeficientic maRalia, rac fasismieri riskebis arsebo-baze miuTiTebs, Jolos SemTxvevaSi. amav-droulad, mwarmoebelTa bazari sakmaod diversificirebulia, rogorc amas bazris koncentraciis indeqsi (HHI) aCvenebs.

rac Seexeba sxva kenkrovnebs, fasis TvalsazrisiT, meore adgilzea mayvali, romelic aseve fasis maRali variaciiT gamoirCeva. fasis maRali cvalebadobiT xasiaTdeba mocvic, xolo marwyvis fass saSualo xarisxis variacia axasiaTebs. marwyvis SemTxvevaSi, aRsaniSnavia, rom bazris koncentraciis indeqsi maRalia, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom mwarmoebelTa bazarze ramdenime mwarmoebeli dominirebs da es bazari naklebad konkurentulia.

aseve aRsaniSnavia axali da gayinuli xilis bazrebs Soris gansxvavebebi. es ba-zrebi gansxvavdeba rogorc fasebiT, ise mimwodebeli qveynebiT, racqvemoT ufro detalurad iqneba ganxiluli.

2 variaciis koeficinti zomavs fasebis cvalebadobas. rac ufro maRalia variaciis koeficienti, miT ufro cvalebadia fasi.

3 bazris koncentracia izomeba herfindal-hirSmanis in-deqsiT (HHI). koncentraciis maRali maCvenebeli miu-TiTebs imaze, rom warmoebaSi sul ramdenime moTamaSe dominirebs, anu bazari ar aris diversificirebuli.

4 vaWrobis monacemebi mxolod agregirebulad aris xel-misawvdomi mayvlisa da JolosTvis.

5 gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia (FAO) calke ar gamoyofs mayvlis warmoebas, aramed agregirebulad aqveynebs kategoriaSi: sxva kenkrovne-bi, garda marwyvi, Jolo, mocvi, da kowaxuri. 2016 wlis monacemebiT, meqsika liderobs (FAO).

As one can see, raspberries have the highest average price, the largest producer of which is Russia. Aside from the high value of raspberries, their price variation coefficient is also relatively high, indicating their price risks. Moreover, as the Market Concentration Index (HHI) reveals, the producers’ market is quite diversified.

In terms of prices, blackberries main-tain the second place on the market, and are also characterized by higher prices. Similarly, blueberries see high price fluctuations, while the strawberry price is typified by the average rate variation. Although with strawberries, it should be noted that the market concentrations index is high, which indicates that the producers’ market is dominated by several producers and the market is less competitive.

For other berries, the differences be-tween the fresh and frozen fruit markets should be noted. The markets, described above, are different for both price and sup-plier countries, as discussed in detail below.

2 The variation coefficient measures price varia-tions- the higher the variation coefficient, the higher the price.

3 Market concentration is measured by the Hir-schand-Hirschman Index (HHI). A high con-centration indicator identifies that only a few players dominate the industry, showing the market is not diversified.

4 Only aggregated trade data is available for blackberries and raspberries.

5 The United Nations Food and Agriculture Or-ganization (FAO) does not present the pro-duction of blackberries separately, rather it pu-blishes the data aggregated alongside other berries, excluding strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, and barberries. According to the 2016 data, Mexico is the leading blackberry producer (FAO)..


Policy Document

3.1. Strawberries

In summer, the demand for fresh strawberries is greatest in Europe.6 Euro-peans typically consume 1.2 million tons of strawberries on an annual basis, and the pace of consumption is increasing. The highest consumption of strawberries per capita is recorded in Italy, in Ger-many, and the UK, where on average, 3 kg of strawberries are consumed per person annually. The consumption is also quite high in France, Spain, and the Netherlands. The majority of EU countries produce substantial amounts of strawberries themselves, which helps maintain a self-sustaining strawberry market in the European Union. While, greenhouse farms and diversification of strawberry variety provide stability in the season, thus allowing EU countries to fully satisfy their local demands. Nev-ertheless, provided efficient logistics, the possibility still remains for the export of strawberries to the European Union, especially when manufacturers can offer exceptional, flavorful varieties (Center for the Promotion of Imports from developing countries, 2019).

The European market is particularly demanding of fresh fruit suppliers and requires certain standards for import into the EU; those requirements are related to the strawberry size, sugar content, and packaging (Table 3).

6 Source:https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-vegetables/fresh-strawberries; 17.03.2019

3.1 marwyvi

zafxulSi axali marwyvi yvelaze mo-Txovnadi kenkraa evropaSi6. evropelebi weliwadSi saSulod 1.2 mln. tona marwyvs moixmaren da moxmareba zrdadi tempiT xa-siaTdeba. marwyvis yvelaze maRali moxma-reba erT sul mosaxleze fiqsirdeba ita-liaSi, germaniasa da did britaneTSi, sadac saSualod erT sul mosaxleze modis 3 kg. weliwadSi. sakmaod maRalia moxmareba sa-frangeTSi, espaneTsa da holandiaSi. evroka-vSiris qveynebis umetesoba didi raodenobis marwyvs Tavad awarmoebs, rac imas niSnavs, rom evropaSi marwyviT TviTuzrunvelyofa maRalia. sasaTbure meurneobebi da marwyvis saxeobebis diversifikacia, rac marwyvis sezonis gaxangrZlivebas uzrunvelyofs, evrokavSiris qveynebs saSualebas aZlevs, adgilobrivi warmoebiT faqtobrivad sru-lad daakmayofilon adgilobrivi moTxovna. miuxedavad amisa, marwyvis evrokavSirSi eqsportis SesaZlebloba mainc arsebobs, gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mwarmoe-bels SeuZlia gansakuTrebuli gemovnuri Tvisebebis mqone marwyvis jiSebis miwodeba, efeqtiani lojistikis pirobebSi (ganviTa-rebadi qveynebidan importis wamaxalisebeli centri, 2019 w.)

evrokavSiris bazari gansakuTrebiT momTxovnia axali xilis mimwodeblebis mimarT da moiTxovs garkveuli standarte-bis dakmayofilebas, evrokavSirSi importis SemTxvevaSi. ase, magaliTad, marwyvisTvis gansazRvrulia zoma, Saqrianoba da Sefu-Tva (me-3 cxrili).

6 amoRebulia: https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-vegetables/fresh-strawberries; 17.03.2019


politikis dokumenti

19

me-3 cxrili. moTxovnebi marwyvis mimarT

minimaluri zoma7 Minimal size 7

SaqrianobaSugar content

SefuTvaPackaging

25 mm ‘Extra’ 1-li klasi; 18 mm 1-li da me-2 klasi.

25 mm ‘Extra’ 1st class;18 mm 1st and 2nd class.

8 brix - minimaluri; 10-13 brix - standartuli; 12-16 brix - idealuri.

8 brix - minimal; 10-13 brix - standard; 12-16 brix – ideal.

250 gr. da 500 gr.

250 g and 500 g

wyaro: CBI market intelligence platform. amoRebulia: https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-vegetables/fresh-strawberries, 15.03.2019

miuxedavad imisa, rom evrokavSir-Si marwyvi didi raodenobiT iwarmoeba, ganviTarebadi qveynebidan evrokavSirSi marwyvis importma 2017 wels 35700 tonas miaRwia. aRsaniSnavia, rom evropuli marwy-vi Zalian maRali xarisxiT gamoirCeva da misTvis konkurenciis gasawevad qarTvelma mwarmoebelma unda moaxdinos fokusireba iseT periodze, rodesac marwyvis miwodeba evrokavSiris bazarze SedarebiT dabalia.

evrokavSiris qveynebis bazrebi marwy-vis mimwodeblebs Soris Semdegnairad aris gadanawilebuli:• egvipturi marwyvi Sedis holandiis,

germaniisa da belgiis bazarze;• maroko, ZiriTadad, fokusirebulia es-

paneTsa da safrangeTze;• Turquli marwyvi Sedis rumineTis ba-

zarze;• iordania SedarebiT mcire raodenobas

awvdis holandiasa da did britaneTs;• albanuri marwyvi, ZiriTadad, italiis

bazarze gadis;• peru fokusirebulia espaneTis bazarze.

aRsaniSnavia SedarebiT axali moTama-Seebic – eTiopia da iordania. marokanuli

7 zoma ganisazRvreba centraluri kveTis (the equatorial section) maqsimaluri diametriT.

Table 3. Requirements for strawberries

Source: CBI market intelligence platform. Source: https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-ve-getables/fresh-strawberries, 15.03.2019

Though strawberries are produced in large quantities in the European Union, strawberry imports from developing coun-tries to the EU reached 35,700 tons in 2017. It should also be noted that Euro-pean strawberries have distinguishable qualities, and, for the best advantage, Georgian manufacturer should focus on trade in the periods when EU strawberry supply is low.

EU markets are distributed in the follow-ing manners among strawberry suppliers:• Egyptian strawberries are imported

to the Netherlands, Germany, and Belgium;

• Morocco is mainly focused on Spain and France;

• Turkish strawberries are imported to the Romanian market;

• Jordan provides a relatively small amount to the Netherlands and Great Britain;

• Albanian strawberries are primarily imported to the Italian market;

• Peru focuses on the Spanish market.The new players on the market, Ethi-

7 The size is determined by the maximum diameter of the central section.


Policy Document

opia and Jordan, are also worth recog-nizing. With the exception of Moroccan and Turkish strawberries, the countries listed above supply Europe by air.

As the Spanish season becomes active prior to Northern Europe, Spain plays a pivotal role within the strawberry market. The Spanish season starts in February and lasts until May, and during these periods it is very difficult for non-European suppliers to compete with Spain. Though at the begin-ning of the season, Moroccan and Egyptian strawberries are imported to Spain. More-over, both countries are very competitive in terms of price. Spain is also the largest re-exporter of Moroccan strawberries.

Due to Spain’s robust position on the market, it is recommended that trade be focused on a period when there is no strawberry season in Spain; namely, October-January. However, concentrat-ing on this period is difficult for Georgia, where the strawberry season begins around the end of April and lasts until July (Table 4).

da Turquli marwyvis garda, sxva zemoT CamoTvlili qveynebidan marwyvis evropaSi importi sahaero gziT xdeba.

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia espaneTis roli marwyvis bazarze. espaneTis sezoni aqtiuria maSin, rodesac CrdiloeT evro-pis qveynebSi sezoni ar aris. Tebervlidan maisamde, roca espaneTSi marwyvis sezo-nia, araevropeli mimwodeblisTvis Zalze Znelia konkurenciis gaweva espaneTisTvis. sezonis dasawyisSi espaneTSi Semodis ma-rokanuli da egvipturi marwyvi. orive qveyana Zalze konkurentunariania, fasis TvalsazrisiT. espaneTi aris marokanuli marwyvis yvelaze msxvili reeqsportiori. espaneTis Zlieri poziciis gamo, rekomen-debulia, im periodze fokusireba, rodesac espaneTSi ar aris sezoni. aseTi periodia oqtomber-ianvari.

am periodze fokusireba sakmaod Znelia saqarTvelosTvis, vinaidan aq marwyvis sezoni, ZiriTadad, aprilis bolos iwyeba da ivlisamde grZeldeba (me-4 cxrili).


politikis dokumenti

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Table 4. Strawberry production seasons around the world

Source: CBI market intelligence platform: https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-vegeta-bles/fresh-strawberries,17.03.2019

Fresh strawberry prices and yields are presented below (Table 5).

me-4 cxrili. marwyvis warmoebis sezonebi msoflioSi

qveynebi

Countryianv. Jan.

Teb. Feb.

mar.Mar.

apr. Apr.

maisi May

ivn. Jun.

ivl. Jul.

agv. Aug.

seq. Sep.

oqt. Oct.

noem. Nov.

dek. Dec.

saqarTveloGeorgia

holandia Netherlands

belgia Belgium

didi britaneTi Great Britain

germania Germany

poloneTi Poland

peru Peru

iordania Jordan

eTiopia Ethiopia

egvipte Egypt

maroko Morocco

italia Italy

espaneTi Spain

TurqeTi Turkey

wyaro: CBI market intelligence platform. amoRebulia: https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-vegetables/fresh-strawberries, 17.03.2019

axali marwyvis fasebi da mosavliano-ba warmodgenilia me-5 cxrilSi.


Policy Document

me-5 cxrili. marwyvis fasi da mosavlianoba

qveyana Country

mwarmoeblis fasi (aSS dolari/tona)

Producer price (USD / ton)

mosavlianoba (tona/ha)

Yield (t / ha)

marokoMorocco 1044 45

poloneTiPoland 1263 4

espaneTiSpain 1268 53

saqarTveloGeorgia 2469 8

wyaro: FAOSTAT, 2019 w.

organul warmoebasTan mimarTebaSi aRsaniSnavia, rom igi gansakuTrebiT ma-Ralia CrdiloeT evropaSi. Tumca organu-li marwyvis warmoeba sakmaod rTulia da mwarmoebelTa raodenobac SezRudulia. umsxvilesi organuli marwyvis mwarmoebeli evrokavSirSi poloneTia (6000 t. 2016 wels), amasTan, Zalian mokle warmoebis sezoniT. SedarebiT naklebs awarmoeben espaneTi (5000 t. 2016 wels) da germania (3000 t. 2016 wels).

organuli marwyvis warmoeba SesaZloa gansakuTrebiT saintereso iyos Sroma-tevad warmoebaze fokusirebuli mcire kompaniebisTvis. Tumca, vinaidan organuli marwyvis Senaxvisunarianoba Zalian daba-lia, lojistika gansakuTrebiT mniSvne-lovania.

rac Seexeba gayinul marwyvs, evropuli bazari sakmaod koncentrirebulia da aq dominireben germania, safrangeTi da ho-landia, romlebzec modis importis 60%. ganviTarebadi qveynebidan maroko gayinuli marwyvis ZiriTadi mimwodebelia evrokav-SirSi. sxva ganviTarebadi qveynebi arian Ci-

Table 5. Strawberry prices and yields

Source: FAOSTAT, 2019

It is furthermore noteworthy that organ-ic production is considerable in Northern Europe. Organic strawberry farming is quite a complicated process and the number of manufacturers is still limited. The largest organic strawberry producer in the EU is Poland (6,000 tons in 2016), though they sustain a very short productive season, and less still is produced by Spain (5,000 t in 2016), and Germany (3,000 t in 2016).

Organic strawberry production is often particularly viable for small companies, fo-cused on labor-intensive production. Yet, as organic strawberries have a limited shelf life, the logistics become extremely important.

The European market for frozen strawberries is fairly concentrated, and it is dominated by Germany, France, and the Netherlands, which account for 60% of the import. From developing countries, Moroc-co is the main supplier of the frozen fruit to the European Union. The other developing countries supplying strawberries to the EU are China, Egypt, Turkey, and Serbia. Poland is the largest exporter within the


politikis dokumenti

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neTi, egvipte, TurqeTi da serbeTi. TviTon evrokavSirSi ki umsxvilesi eqsportioria poloneTi, romelzec modis mTliani bazris 30%. eqsportis zrdiT gamoirCevian ser-beTi, kolumbia da ukraina. isini gayinuli marwyvis mimwodeblebis pozicias stabilu-rad imyareben evrokavSiris bazarze. ase, magaliTad, kolumbiis eqsporti evroka-vSirSi 2012 wels 4000 evro iyo, 2016 wels ki am maCvenebelma 4.2 mln. evros miaRwia. miuxedavad aseTi zrdisa, am etapze polo-neTi aSkara dominantia gayinuli marwyvis bazarze.

aRsaniSnavia, rom bolo 5 wlis ganmavlo-baSi gayinuli marwyvis moxmareba evrokav-SirSi wliurad 5%-iT izrdeboda. gayinuli marwyvis moxmareba damokidebulia polo-neTis mosavalze. eqspertebis mosazrebiT, gayinul marwyvze moTxovna momavalSi kidev ufro gaizrdeba, vinaidan igi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba sakvebwarmoebaSi.

gayinuli marwyvis bazarze evropaSi mTa-vari moTamaSeebi arian: Crops, Descours, Dira-frost, Binder International, Agrana, ARDO, Döhler, Zentis da Zuegg. yvelaze msxvili sacalo movaWreebi ki arian polonuri Hortex Hol-ding, britanuli Permira, italiuri Eurofood, Sveduri Findus Group da germanuli Frosta.

3.2 mocvi

jansaRi kvebis popularizaciam mocvis moxmarebis mniSvnelovani zrda gamoiwvia evropaSi, rasac mohyva msoflio masStabiT warmoebis gazrda. evrokavSirSi mocvi, Zi-riTadad, Ciledan, marokodan da perudan Semodis. navaraudevia, rom moTxovna mo-cvze momavalSic gaizrdeba, Tumca ofi-cialurad zrdis potenciali zustad ar aris Sefasebuli.

mocvis saSualo moxmareba erT sul mo-saxleze evropaSi ufro dabalia, vidre Cr-diloeT amerikaSi, sadac mocvi tradiciuli

EU, with a 30% share of the total market. While export growth is also remarkably high in Serbia, Colombia, and Ukraine, as they have been steadily strengthening their roles as strawberry suppliers to the EU market. For instance, Colombian export to Europe in 2012 amounted to 4,000 EUR, though by 2016, the figure had reached 4.2 mln. EUR. Despite such growth, Poland is still the vivid leader within the frozen strawberry market.

It should also be noted that over the last five years consumption of frozen strawberries has grown by 5% in the EU. The supply of frozen strawberries is heavily dependent on the Polish harvest. Experts suggest that the demand for frozen strawberries will further increase in the future, as the fruit is utilized more actively in food production.

The main players in the EU frozen strawberry market are: Crops, Descours, Dirafrost, Binder International, Agrana, ARDO, Döhler, Zentis, and Zuegg. While, the largest retailers are: the Polish Hortex Holding, the British Permira, the Italian Eurofood, the Swedish Findus Group, and the German Frosta.

3.2. Blueberries

The ever increasing popularity of healthy nutrition has resulted in a sig-nificant rise in European blueberry con-sumption, thus resulting in increased worldwide production. Blueberries are mainly imported to the European Union from Chile, Morocco, and Peru. It is ex-pected that demand will increase further still in the future, although the potential for growth has not yet been precisely assessed. The average consumption of blueberries per capita is lower in Europe


Policy Document

kenkraa. aSS da kanada umsxvilesi mwarmoe-blebi arian. maTi sezoni emTxveva evropis sezons da iqidan gamomdinare, rom adgilo-brivi moxmareba aSS-sa da kanadaSi maRalia, Tbili klimatis mqone qveynebs (maT Soris, saqarTvelosac) aqvT saSualeba, sargebeli miiRon evropaSi mzardi moTxovnidan, rac dasturdeba perudan da Ciledan mocvis eqsportis zrdiT evrokavSiris bazarze.

ganviTarebadi qveynebidan importi-rebuli mocvi evrokavSirSi, ZiriTadad, holandiasa da britaneTSi Sedis. es ukanas-kneli mocvis didi moxmarebiT gamoirCeva da mas mocviT espaneTic amaragebs.

mocvisTvis marketingis kuTxiT yvelaze perspeqtiuli mimarTulebebi ukavSirdeba janmrTelobaze aqcents. mocvi Seicavs didi odenobiT C vitamins da xels uwyobs gaxdomas. swored am maxasiaTeblebis gamo gaxda mocvi, komerciuli TvalsazrisiT, ufro popularuli.

rogorc marwyvis SemTxvevaSi, mocvis mimarTac garkveuli moTxovnebia, zomisa da SefuTvis kuTxiT (me-6 cxrili).

me-6 cxrili. moTxovnebi mocvis mimarT

zoma Size SefuTva Packaging

eqstra didi. 90 cal mocvze naklebi WiqaSi (237 ml-iani Wiqa);Extra-large- fewer than 90 berries in one cup (237 ml);

125 gr. - 500 gr.125 g - 500 g

didi. 90-129 cali WiqaSi;Large- 90-129 pieces in one cup;

saSualo. 130-189 cali WiqaSi;Medium- 130-189 pieces in one cup;

patara. 190-250 cali WiqaSiSmall- 190-250 pieces in one cup.

wyaro: CBI market intelligence platform. amoRebulia: https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-vegetables/blueberries, 17.03.2019

than in North America, where the blueberry is a more traditional fruit.

The US and Canada are the largest producers of blueberries. Their blueberry production season coincides with the Euro-pean season, and since local consumption is high in the US and Canada, countries with warm climates (including Georgia) are able to benefit from the growing European demand; as confirmed by an increase in the export of blueberries from Peru and Chile to the EU.

Blueberries exported from develop-ing countries mainly enter the EU through the Netherlands and the UK. The latter is characterized by a high consumption of blueberries and is also supplied by Spain.

In terms of marketing, blueberries health-related aspects are particularly im-portant; blueberries contain a large amount of vitamin C and are believed to contribute to weight loss. Such features have made blue-berries much more popular in recent years.

As with strawberries, blueberries have certain requirements of size and packaging (Table 6).

Table 6. Requirements for blueberries

Source: CBI market intelligence platform: https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-vegetables/blue-berries, 17.03.2019


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aseve moTxovnadia organuli mocvic, Tumca misi bazari am etapze mcire zomisaa, magram moTxovna mzardia. gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva organul mocvze moTxovniT skandinaviuri qveynebi da germania. organu-li mocvis miwodeba SezRudulia.

zogadad, seqtoris ganviTarebasTan erTad, konkurenciac da warmoebis donec izrdeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom umsxviles mwarmoeblebad aSS, kanada da Cile rCebian, bazarze Cndeba axali moTamaSeebic. eseni arian peru, meqsika da maroko. evropaSi am etapze mocvis didi raodenoba Sedis Ciledan, marokodan da perudan. sakmaod aqtiurad viTardebian samxreT afrika da argentinac. am qveynebis bazrebze dakvir-veba mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos konku-rentuli poziciebis SefasebisTvis.

aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom perusa da ar-gentinis mocvi miewodeba CineTis bazar-sac, rac imas niSnavs, rom evrokavSirSi misawodeblad argentinas da perus naklebi mocvi rCebaT da, Sesabamisad, evrokavSi-ri eZebs mocvis axal momwodeblebs, raTa momxmareblisTvis stabiluri miwodeba uzrunvelyos.

rac Seexeba fasebs, organuli mocvi saSulod 30%-iT meti Rirs, vidre tradi-ciuli meTodebiT moyvanili mocvi, xolo gayinuli mocvis fasi axali mocvis fasis daaxloebiT naxevaria.

saqarTveloSi mocvi martsa da aprilSi irgveba, mosavlis aReba ki ivnisis bolos iwyeba da agvistos bolomde grZeldeba. saqarTvelos sezoni emTxveva holandiis, germaniis, poloneTis, kanadisa da aSS-is CrdiloeTis sezons (me-7 cxrili), rac konkurenciis TvalsazrisiT, mdgomareo-bas arTulebs.

Organic blueberries are also in de-mand, and although the market is cur-rently rather small, the demand is steadily growing. Scandinavian countries and Germany have a particularly high de-mand for organic blueberries, but their supply is still rather limited.

Alongside development in the sector, competition and production levels are also generally expanding. Despite the fact that the US, Canada, and Chile are still the largest producers, new players are appearing on the market. In particular, Peru, Mexico, and Morocco have begun to emerge. At this stage, vast amount of blueberries enters the EU from Chile, Morocco, and Peru. South Africa and Argentina are also developing their pro-duction quite actively. It is important to observe trends on those markets in order to assess Georgia’s potential to com-pete. It is worth mentioning that since Peru and Argentina supply the Chinese market, the EU is seeking new suppliers in order to provide their customers with a stable supply.

In terms of pricing, organic blueber-ries are worth 30% more than blueberries grown using traditional methods, while the price of frozen blueberries is around half that of fresh blueberries.

In Georgia, blueberry planting takes place in March-April, and harvesting be-gins at the end of June and lasts until the end of August. The Georgian blue-berry season coincides with the growing seasons of the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Canada, and the Northern United States (Table 7), which, in terms of com-petition, further complicates the situation.


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Table 7. Blueberry season in Georgia and around the world

Source: CBI market intelligence platform: https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-vegetables/blue-berries, 17.03.2019; Georgia’s agro sector - for your investment.

me-7 cxrili. mocvis sezoni saqarTvelosa da msoflioSi

qveynebi Country

ianv. Jan.

Teb. Feb.

mar.Mar.

apr. Apr.

maisi May

ivn. Jun.

ivl. Jul.

agv. Aug.

seq. Sep.

oqt. Oct.

noem. Nov.

dek. Dec.

saqarTveloGeorgia

maroko Morocco

meqsika Germany

espaneTi Spain

aSS (samx.) USA (south)

safrangeTi

France

portugalia

Portugal


germania Germany

poloneTi Poland

kanada Canada

aSS (Cr.) USA (North)

peru Peru

argentina Argentine

urugvai Uruguay

Cile Chile

samxreT afrika South Africa

wyaro: CBI market intelligence platform. amoRebulia: https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-vegetables/blueberries, 17.03.2019; saqarTvelos agrosasursaTo seqtori – Tqveni investiciisTvis.


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axali mocvis fasebi da mosavlianoba warmodgenilia me-8 cxrilSi.

me-8 cxrili. mocvis fasi da mosavlianoba

qveyana Country

mwarmoeblis fasi (aSS dolari/tona)Producer price (USD / ton)

mosavlianoba (tona/ha)Yield (t / ha)

meqsika Mexico

3096 11

saqarTvelo Georgia

3846 7

wyaro: amoRebulia: http://www.bm.ge/ka/article/saqartveloshi-lurji-mocvis-warmoeba-izrdeba-/21388, 22.03.2019

vinaidan mocvis bazari mzardia da Tan mocvis sezoni qveynebis umetesobaSi Seda-rebiT moklea, es kenkra maRali potencia-liT gamoirCeva.

3.3 Jolo da mayvali

aRsaniSnavia, rom marwyvisa da mocvisa-gan gansxvavebiT, Jolosa da mayvalze in-formacia SedarebiT mwiria. statistikuri monacemebi vaWrobis Sesaxeb am ori kenkris SemTxvevaSi, sxva saxis kenkrasTan erTad, agregirebulad aris xelmisawvdomi.

rac Seexeba Jolos warmoebas, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, Jolos wamyvani mwarmoebe-li qveyanaa ruseTi, mas mohyveba aSS. Jolo aris msoflioSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani da finansurad momgebiani kenkrovani kultura (N. Kljajić1, 2013 w.). kontinentebis mixedviT, Jolos yvelaze didi mwarmoebeli evropis regionia. masze modis msoflioSi mTliani warmoebis 60%-ze meti.8

8 kacia i., xatisaSvili n. – „Jolos RirebulebaTa jaW-vis analizi mcxeTa-mTianeTis regionSi, 2018 w.

Fresh blueberry prices and yields are presented below (Table 8).

Table 8. Blueberry prices and yields

Source: http://www.bm.ge/en/article/saqartveloshi-lur-ji-mocvis-warmoeba-izrdeba-/21388, 22.03.2019

Since the blueberry market is expand-ing and the production season is relatively short in most countries, one can conclude that Georgian grown blueberries have significant potential on EU markets.

3.3. Raspberries and blackberries

Unlike strawberries and blueberries, information on raspberries and blackber-ries is relatively scarce. The statistical data about their trade is only available in an aggregated form (alongside varieties of certain other berry).

As previously noted, Russia is the leading producer of raspberries and is followed by the US. Raspberries are one of the most important and financially profit-able varieties of berry in the world (Kljajić, N., 2013).

Europe is the largest raspberry pro-ducing area and accounts for more than


Policy Document

msoflioSi yvelaze didi raodenobiT nedli Jolos eqsports axorcielebs meq-sika. mas mohyveba espaneTi da aSS. aSS Sedis rogoc importiori, ise eqsortiori qvey-nebis pirvel xuTeulSi. importis mimarTu-lebiT pirvel xuTeulSi aseve Sedis sami evropuli qveyana. aSS-s mohyveba kanada, germania, didi briatenTi da safrangeTi.9

rac Seexeba gayinul Jolos, masze mo-dis evrokavSirSi Semotanili gayinuli kenkrovnebis 70%. evrokavSiris SigniT importi TiTqmis tolia ganviTarebadi qveynebidan importisa, rac, ZiriTadad, ganpirobebulia poloneTis Zlieri pozi-ciebiT.

bolo xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi slove-niidan mniSvnelovnad gaizarda importi (92%-iani saSualo wliuri zrda), rac, Zi-riTadad, gayinuli Jolos didi importiT aris ganpirobebuli. evrokavSirs gareT myofi qveynebidan gayinuli Jolos yve-laze msxvili mimwodebelia serbeTi. masze modis bazris 36%. aRsaniSnavia, rom serbe-Ti gayinuli Jolosa da mayvlis yvelaze msxvili eqsportioria da nel-nela zrdis Tavis eqsports evrokavSiris bazarze maSin, rodesac Ciles eqsporti evrokavSiris ba-zarze wliurad saSualod 4%-iT mcirdeba.

evrokavSirSi gayinuli kenkris yvelaze msxvili eqsportiori poloneTia. igi mso-flioSi gayinuli Jolos miwodebiT meore adgilzea.

saqarTveloSi Jolos sezoni iwyeba ivlisSi da mTavrdeba oqtomberSi (me-9 cxrili).

9 kacia i., xatisaSvili n. – „Jolos RirebulebaTa jaW-vis analizi mcxeTa-mTianeTis regionSi, 2018 w.

60% of the world’s total production.8 How-ever, Mexico exports the largest quan-tities of raw raspberries in the world, followed by Spain, and the United States. The US is one of the top five of both im-porting and exporting countries, followed by Canada, Germany, Great Britain, and France.9

Raspberries represent 70% of the frozen berries imported into the EU. The EU market is supplied practically equal-ly by EU countries and by developing countries, mainly due to Poland’s strong position on the market.

Imports from Slovenia into the EU have increased significantly over the last five years (92% average annual growth), due largely to the notable import of frozen raspberries. While, Serbia is the largest supplier of frozen raspberries from out-side the EU, holding 36% of the market. It is striking that Serbia, as the largest exporter of frozen raspberries and black-berries, is slowly increasing its exports to the EU, while Chilean export to the EU is reducing by approximately 4% annually.

Poland, as the largest exporter of all frozen berries within the EU, occupies second place in frozen raspberry trade worldwide.

In Georgia, the raspberry season starts in July and ends in October (Ta-ble 9).

8 Katsia, I. & Khatisashvili, N. (2018).Value chain analysis of raspberries in Mtskheta-Mtianeti

9 Katsia, I. & Khatisashvili, N. (2018).Value chain analysis of raspberries in Mtskheta-Mtianeti


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Table 9. Raspberry season in Georgia and the world

Source: https://www.tridge.com/intelligences/rasp-berry/season, 17.03.2019

Fresh raspberry prices and yields are presented below (Table 10).

me-9 cxrili. Jolos sezoni saqarTvelosa da msoflioSi

qveynebi Country

ianv. Jan.

Teb. Feb.

mar.Mar.

apr. Apr.

maisi May

ivn. Jun.

ivl. Jul.

agv. Aug.

seq. Sep.

oqt. Oct.

noem. Nov.

dek. Dec.

saqarTveloGeorgia

belgia Belgium

CileChile

espaneTi Spain

safrangeTi

France


italia Italy

yirgizeTiKyrgyzstan

samxreT koreaSouth Korea


poloneTi Poland

rumineTiRomania

tunisiTunisia

TurqeTiTurkey

aSS USA

wyaro: https://www.tridge.comamoRebulia: https://www.tridge.com/intelligences/raspberry/season, 17.03.2019

axali Jolos fasebi da mosavlianoba warmodgenilia me-10 cxrilSi.


Policy Document

me-10 cxrili. Jolos fasebi da mosavlianoba

qveyana Country


Producer price(USD / ton)


Yield (t / ha)

Cile Chile

3937 4

meqsika Spain

1977 19

espaneTi Spain

7608 18

saqarTvelo Georgia

1923 7

wyaro: FAOSTAT, 2019 w.

rac Seexeba axal mayvals, evrokavSirSi axali mayvlis10 savaWro brunvam 2017 wels 44.2 mln. evro Seadgina. evrokavSiri aris axali mayvlis wminda importiori, Sesa-bamisad, misi savaWro saldo uaryofiTia. evrokavSirSi mayvlis importi 2012-2017 wlebSi mzardi tendenciiT xasiaTdeboda da ZiriTadi momwodeblebi arian: meqsika, gva-temala, serbeTi, samxreT afrika da maroko.11

rac Seexeba gayinul mayvals, misi savaWro brunva bevrad aRemateba axali mayvlis savaWro brunvas. evrokavSiri aris gayinuli mayvlis wminda importio-ri, Tumca aRsaniSnavia isic, rom gayinuli mayvlis importi 2012 wlidan moyolebuli mcirdeba. gayinuli mayvlis ZiriTadi mi-mwodeblebi evrokavSiris bazarze arian serbeTi, Cile, ukraina, bosnia da herco-govina da CineTi.12

10 mayvalze vaWrobis Sesaxeb monacemebi ganixileba Tu-Tis da loganis kenkrasTan erTad.

11 koWlamaziSvili i., xatisaSvili n. - „mayvlis Rirebu-lebaTa jaWvis analizi kaxeTis regionSi“, 2019 w.

12 koWlamaziSvili i., xatisaSvili n. - „mayvlis Rirebu-lebaTa jaWvis analizi kaxeTis regionSi“, 2019 w.

Table 10. Raspberry prices and yields

Source: FAOSTAT, 2019

The trade turnover for fresh blackber-ries in the European Union amounted to 44.2 million USD in 2017.10 The EU is a net importer of fresh blackberries, therefore the trade balance is negative. Between 2012-2017, blackberry import into the EU was characterized by growth, with the main suppliers being Mexico, Guatemala, Serbia, South Africa, and Morocco.11

Interestingly, the trade turnover of fro-zen blackberries is much higher than that of fresh blackberries. The EU is a net importer of frozen blackberries, although it is also noteworthy that the import of frozen black-berries has been decreasing since 2012. The main suppliers of frozen blackberries to the EU market are Serbia, Chile, Ukraine, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and China.12

10 The data on blackberry trade also includes with mulberries and lagoon berries.

11 Kochlamazishvili, I. & Khatisashvili, N. (2019).Value chain analysis of blackberries in Kakheti

12 Kochlamazishvili, I. & Khatisashvili, N. (2019).Value chain analysis of blackberries in Kakheti


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Georgian blackberries are found on the market between June and October (Table 11).

Table 11. Blackberry season in Georgia and in the world

Source: https://www.tridge.com/intelligences/black-berry/season, 17.03.2019

Compared to Serbia and Poland, the largest suppliers in Europe, the Georgian

qarTuli mayvali bazarze gvxvdeba ivni-sidan oqtombris CaTvliT (me-11 cxrili).

me-11 cxrili. mayvlis sezoni saqarTvelosa da msoflioSi

qveynebi Country

ianv. Jan.

Teb. Feb.

mar.Mar.

apr. Apr.

maisi May

ivn. Jun.

ivl. Jul.

agv. Aug.

seq. Sep.

oqt. Oct.

noem. Nov.

dek. Dec.

saqarTveloGeorgia

belgia Belgium

kolumbiaColombia

ekvadoriEcuador

egvipte Egypt

espaneTi Spain


italia Italy

yirgizeTiKyrgyzstan


rumineTiRomania

TurqeTiTurkey

wyaro: https://www.tridge.comamoRebulia: https://www.tridge.com/intelligences/blackberry/season, 17.03.2019

evropis umsxviles mimwodeblebTan (serbeTi, poloneTi) SedarebiT, qarTuli


Policy Document

blackberry season starts three weeks earlier, which positively affects the com-petitiveness of Georgian blackberries on the EU market.

Fresh blackberry prices and yields are presented below (Table 12).

Table 12. Blackberry prices and yields

Source: https://www.statista.com/statistics/466799/blackberries-wholesale-price-average-united-king-dom-uk/, 22.03.2019

As previously discussed, frozen ber-ries are in high demand as they are used in the production of juice, jam, ice cream, and yoghurt. While it is true that frozen berries are less valuable than fresh, their niche is nevertheless indisputably rele-vant (Table 13)

.

mayvali Semodis 3 kviriT adre, rac dade-biTad aisaxeba qarTuli mayvlis konku-rentunarianobaze evrokavSiris bazarze.

axali mayvlis fasebi da mosavlianoba warmodgenilia me-12 cxrilSi.

me-12 cxrili. mayvlis fasebi da mosavlianoba

qveyana Country


Producer price (USD / ton)


Yield (t / ha)

didi britaneTiGreat Britain

6785 8

saqarTvelo Georgia

962 6

wyaro: amoRebulia: https://www.statista.com/statistics/466799/blackberries-wholesale-price-average-united-kingdom-uk/, 22.03.2019

rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, kenk-rovnebis yvela saxeobis SemTxvevaSi, ga-yinul kenkras aqvs Tavisi segmenti da potenciali, romelic gasaTvaliswinebe-lia bazris potencialis Sefasebisas. gan-sakuTrebiT aqtualuria gayinuli xilis gamoyeneba wvenebis, jemebis, nayinisa da iogurtis warmoebaSi. marTalia, gayinuli kenkris fasi gacilebiT naklebia, vidre axlisa, magram dResdReobiT es niSac uda-vod aqtualuria (me-13 cxrili).


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me-13 cxrili. gayinuli xilis fasis komponentebi

eqsportis etapebiStages of export

fasis saxeobaTypes of price

saSualo wili sacalo fasSi

Average share in retail price

warmoeba Production

fermeris (mwarmoeblis) fasi

Farm gate price10-15%

Senaxva, gayinvaStorage, freezing

FOB an FCA fasiFOB or FCA price

35-40%

transportirebaTransportation

CIF fasiCIF price

37-42%

importi, Senaxva da gadamuSaveba

Import, storage, and processing

sabiTumo fasi (dRg-is CaTliT)

Wholesale price (VAT)60%

sacalo gayidva (SefuTvisa da

Senaxvis CaTvliT) Retail sale (including

packaging and storage)

sacalo fasi (300 gr. SefuTvis SemTxvevaSi)Retail price (300 grams in

packing)

100%

wyaro: CBI market intelligence platform. amoRebulia: https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/processed-fruit-vegetables-edi-ble-nuts/frozen-strawberries/europe, 17.03.2019

4. daskvna kenkrovnebis bazari sakmaod konkuren-

tulia da miuxedavad imisa, rom msoflio bazarze kenkrovnebze moTxovna mzardia, yvela kenkris SemTxvevaSi dominanti mo-TamaSeebi arian poloneTi, serbeTi, Cile, maroko. amrigad, msxvili mwarmoeblebi arian rogorc evrokavSiris SigniT, ise mis gareTac, rac mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos konkurentuli poziciebis Sesafaseblad.

Table 13. Components of frozen fruit price

Source: CBI market intelligence platform. Sour-ce: https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/proces-sed-fruit-vegetables-edible-nuts/frozen-strawberries/europe, 17.03.2019

4. Conclusion

The berry market is quite competitive and the demand for berries is mounting around the world. As a whole, for each variety of berry, the dominant players are Poland, Serbia, Chile, and Morocco. Thus, there are large-scale producers both inside and outside of the EU, which is a significant consideration when as-sessing Georgia’s competitive position.


Policy Document

saqarTveloSi kenkrovnebis warmoebaSi yvelaze didi wili marwyvze (87%) modis, mas mohyveba Jolo (10%) da Semdeg sxva da-narCeni kenkrovnebi (3%) (saqstati, 2019 w.). saqarTveloSi kenkrovnebis warmoeba mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli nia-dagur-klimatur pirobebze, vinaidan es seqtori modernizebuli ar aris. maSin, rodesac evrokavSiris umsxvilesi mwar-moeblebi Tanamedrove teqnologiebisa da gaumjobesebuli jiSebis xarjze mniSvne-lovnad axangrZliveben warmoebis sezons.

qarTuli kenkris saeqsporto bazrebi am etapze aris ruseTi, ukraina, yatari. evrokavSiris qveynebi naklebad arian war-modgenili saeqsporto bazrebis Camona-TvalSi.

zogadad, kenkrovnebis seqtorisa da miT ufro eqsportis ganviTarebisTvis yvelaze perspeqtiuli mimarTulebebia:1. Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoye-

neba warmoebaSi – plastikuri gvirabe-bi, SuSis saTburebi, krefisas teqnikis (manqana-robotebis) gamoyeneba13 da a.S.

2. mdgradi warmoebis praqtika, romelic ar vnebs garemos da xels uwyobs socia-lur Tanasworobasa da samarTlianobas;

3. organuli warmoeba;4. marketingis dros jansaR kvebaze aqcen-

tis gakeTeba. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania es faq-

torebi im kenkrovnebisTvis, romelTa ba-zrebi konkurenciis maRali doniT gamoir-Ceva. aseTia, magaliTad, marwyvis bazari. marwyvis saerTaSoriso bazarze arsebuli tendenciebidan gamomdinare, am etapze re-komendebulia marwyvis importis Canacvle-baze fokusireba, Semdegi mizezebis gamo:• saqarTvelos sezoni emTxveva holan-

diis, belgiisa da didi britaneTis se-zonebs;

• bevri qveyana (holandia, belgia, peru,

13 amoRebulia: https://www.bbc.com/news/busi-ness-43816207, 21.03.2019

In Georgia, the largest share of berry production comes on strawberries (87%), followed by raspberries (10%), and finally other berries (3%) (Geostat, 2019). As the sector is not modernized, the pro-duction of berries in Georgia depends significantly on soil and climatic condi-tions. Whereas, the largest EU producers have greatly extended their production seasons by utilizing modern technologies and improving the variety of their crops.

The key export markets for Georgian berries are currently: Russia, Ukraine, and Qatar, while EU countries are less repre-sented on the Georgian export markets.

The options with the most potential for the berry sector and the development of export, in general, are:1. The use of modern technologies in pro-

duction process - plastic tunnels, glass greenhouses, machinery (robots), etc.;13

2. Practice sustainable production that does not affect the environment and promotes social equality and fairness;

3. Organic production;4. Focus on healthy nutrition in market-

ing campaign.These factors are particularly important

for the varieties of berry on the market with the highest levels of competition, such as in the strawberry market. Given current trends on strawberry market, it is recommended to focus more on import substitution rather than exports because of the following reasons:

The Georgian season coincides with that of the Netherlands, Belgium, and the UK;• Many countries (the Netherlands, Bel-

gium, Peru, Italy, Spain) supply the market with strawberries throughout the year, which indicates their com-petitiveness.

13 Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43816207, 21.03.2019


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italia, espaneTi) awvdis bazars marwyvs, faqtobrivad mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi, rac maT maRal konkurentunarianobaze miuTiTebs.

• saqarTveloSi Sida bazarze marwyvze moTxovna maRalia, vinaidan igi Zalze popularuli kenkraa. amJamad adgilo-brivi warmoeba mxolod nedl marwyvze akmayofilebs moTxovnas, xolo gadama-muSaveblebis (sakonditro nawarmi, rZis nawarmi, samkurnalo da kosmetikuri saSualebebi) moTxovnis dakmayofileba, ZiriTadad, importis meSveobiT xdeba. amitom adgilobriv bazarze marwyvs Se-darebiT meti potenciali aqvs. rac Seexeba Jolos, nedli saxiT misi

moxmareba ufro dabalia, vidre marwyvisa, Tumca igi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba sxvadasx-va produqtis (sakonditro nawarmi, rZis nawarmi, samkurnalo da kosmetikuri saSua-lebebi) warmoebaSi. garda amisa, Jolo cno-bilia Tavisi samkurnalo TvisebebiT. aseve qarTul Jolos SedarebiT dabali fasi aqvs, mwarmoebelTa fasebs Tu SevxedavT, rac mis konkurentunarianobaze mianiSnebs, Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom evrokavSirSi eqs-portirebisas mwarmoeblTa fasi gaizrdeba, damatebiTi danaxarjebis gamo, rac uaryo-fiTad aisaxeba konkurentunarianobaze. aucilebelia evrokavSiris bazris garda, aziis bazrebis ganxilva, sadac eqsporti SesaZloa ufro nakleb danaxarjTan iyos dakavSirebuli.

iqidan gamomdinare, rom mayvlis bazari naklebad gajerebulia, vidre marwyvisa da Jolos bazrebi da qarTveli mwarmoeblis fasi Zalian dabalia, am kulturasac aqvs potenciali evrokavSiris bazarze. am ba-zarTan mimarTebaSi, yvelaze didi poten-cialiT mocvi xasiaTdeba, radgan es kenkra SedarebiT axalia evrokavSiris bazarze, CrdiloeT amerikasTan SedarebiT da qar-Tvel mwarmoebels SeuZlia daimkvirdos aq adgili. mocvis saeqsporto potencia-

• As an extremely popular berry, the demand for strawberries is high on the domestic Georgian market. Pres-ently, local production only meets the demand for raw strawberries, and the demand for goods using processed strawberries (confectionery, dairy products, medicines, and cosmetics) is met largely with import. Therefore, strawberries still have greater potential on the domestic market.In the case of raspberries, their raw

consumption is less than that of straw-berries, however they are used in the production of various products (confec-tionery, dairy products, medicines, and cosmetics). Raspberries are also known for their medicinal properties.

Georgian raspberries currently have relatively low producer prices, although they may significantly increase with export to the EU. Aside from the EU market, it is essential to also consider Asian markets, where the export cost is likely to be less.

Since the blackberry market is less saturated than the strawberry or raspberry market, and as Georgian production prices are low, blackberries have export potential to EU markets.

Blueberries have the highest potential in the EU as they are relatively new to the European market. It is noteworthy that Georgia has already started to exploit their export potential. The blueberries produced in the country, considering that local demand is low, are almost entirely exported.

In order to be successful on domestic and foreign markets, it is important to deal with the challenges in the berry value chain. These challenges are common for almost all varieties of berry and can conditionally be divided into the following groups:


Policy Document

lis aTviseba saqarTveloSi aqtiurad aris dawyebuli. qveyanaSi warmoebuli mocvi TiTqmis srulad gadis eqsportze. es imi-Tac aris ganpirobebuli, rom adgilobrivi moTxovna masze arc ise maRalia.

adgilobrivi Tu ucxouri bazrebis asaTviseblad, mniSvnelovania im gamow-vevebTan gamklaveba, romelic arsebobs kenkrovnebis RirebulebaTa jaWvSi. es gamowvevebi met-naklebad saerToa yvela saxis kenkrovnisTvis da pirobiTad Sei-Zleba daiyos Semdeg jgufebad:1. warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli sirTu-

leebi – amindTan dakavSirebuli riskebi (qari, gvalva da a.S); mavneblebi da daava-debebi da maTTan brZolis Sesaxeb codnis nakleboba, dabalxarisxiani nedleuli (nergebi, Sxam-qimikatebi), sawarmoo re-sursebis simwire (gansakuTrebiT samuSao Zalis) da, zogadad, dargis eqspertebis nakleboba da kenkrovnebis warmoebis mcire gamocdileba am dargSi; aqve unda aRiniSnos finansebze xelmisawvdomobis problema. marTalia, kenkra sxva kul-turebTan SedarebiT ufro maRal Semo-savals iZleva, Tumca kenkrovnebis baRis gaSenebas SedarebiT didi investiciac sWirdeba, rac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, didi gamowvevaa fermerisTvis.

2. warmoebis Semdgomi rgolebis ganuviTa-rebloba – Senaxva, gadamuSaveba da gasaRe-ba. Senaxvis TvalsazrisiT, gamowvevaa ma-civrebis nakleboba. gadamuSavebis Tval-sazrisiT, gamowvevaa gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis nakleboba, xolo gasaRebis TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovani gamowvevaa is, rom kenkrovnebis mwarmoebelTa umete-sobas ar aqvs kargad Seswavlili kenkris bazari da ar icis sxvadasxva platformis Sesaxeb, romelTa meSveobiTac SeuZlia Tavisi nawarmis gasaReba. garda amisa, ar arsebobs sakontraqto urTierTobebi.

3. sertificrebisa da lojistikis xarjebi eqsportis SemTxvevaSi – mwarmoebelTa

1. Production related difficulties- the risks associated with weather (wind, drought, etc.); a lack of knowledge concerning the pests and diseases, and poor awareness of how to tackle them; low quality raw materials (seed-lings, chemicals); a lack of production resources (especially workforce); a general lack of specialists; and a lack of experience in berry production. Access to finances is also rather limi-ted. While berries are more profitable than other cultures, cultivating berry orchards needs larger investments, which, in many cases, becomes a significant challenge for farmers.

2. Underdeveloped post-harvest treat-ment, storage, processing, and sell-ing- the lack of cold storages is a major challenge; while in terms of produc-tion, there is a lack of processors in the country; and as for sales, most berry producers have not researched the market and are unaware of the vari-ous platforms they can use to trade their products. In addition, there are no contractual agreements between the value chain actors. Exports to EU markets are also associated with high-er certification costs, and small and mid-sized farmers may not be able to cover such expenses.

3. The costs of export certification and logistics- most producers need in-formation on the various food safe-ty standards and respective costs of certification, as well as logistics related information (tariffs, efficient alternatives for transportation). It is worth mentioning that the state

has made a clear attempt to resolve pro-duction related difficulties, confirmed by the availability of state support projects for berry producers, however, less atten-


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umetesoba saWiroebs mxardaWeras, infor-maciis miwodebas sursaTis uvneblobis sxvadasxva standartze, maTTan asocire-bul danaxarjebsa da lojistikasTan daka-vSirebul sakiTxebze (tarifebi, trans-portirebis efeqtiani alternativebi). evrokavSiris bazarze eqsporti asocir-deba sertificirebis maRal danaxarjeb-Tan, rac mcire da saSualo fermerisTvis mniSvnelovani Semaferxebeli faqtoria.aRsaniSnavia, rom warmoebasTan dakavSi-

rebuli sirTuleebis gadaWris mcdeloba dRes namdvilad arsebobs da es dasturdeba kenkrovnebis warmoebis mxardamWeri proeq-tebiT, Tumca naklebi yuradReba eqceva warmoebis Semdgomi rgolebis ganviTarebas.

Semdgomi rgolebis ganviTarebisTvis gasaTvaliswinebelia kenkrovan kulturebs Soris gansxvavebebi. ase, magaliTad, Jo-loze moTxovna maRalia rogorc ucxoeTSi, ise saqarTveloSi maSin, rodesac lurji mocvi, ZiriTadad, eqsportze gadis, vinai-dan adgilobrivad masze moTxovna, Jolos-Tan SedarebiT, arc ise maRalia. TiTouli kulturisTvis Sesabamisi jaWvis ganviTa-reba gulisxmobs am gansxvavebebis gaTva-liswinebas da Sesabamis kenkraze ukeTesad morgebuli RonisZiebebis SemuSavebas.

5. rekomendaciebi• warmoebis moculobis gazrda da axali

teqnologiebis danergvamiuxedavad imisa, rom kenkrovnebis war-moeba zrdadi tepiT xasiaTdeba, mTliani warmoeba am etapze Zalian mcirea da ver akmayofilebs adgilobriv moTxovnas. sezonurobis problemis gadasaWrelad, rekomendebulia axali jiSebis, sasaTbu-re meurneobebis ganviTareba. aucile-belia irigaciis problemis mogvarebac, rac saqarTvelos bevri regionisTvis sakmaod didi gamowvevaa.

tion has been paid to the development of post-harvest treatment. For efficient post-harvest treatment, the differences between various berry crops should be taken into consideration. For example, the demand for raspberries is high both in foreign countries and in Georgia, while blueberries are mainly exported, with lower local demand than raspberries. The creating of the appropriate value chain for each berry crop highlights both their differences and the necessity for creating measures that are better adjusted to the specificities of a crop.

5. Recommendations

• Increase production volume and adopt new technologies

Despite berry production being char-acterized by increasing expansion, overall production is currently very low and does not meet even local demand. The adoption of new vari-eties of crop and the development of greenhouses is recommended to help solve the problems of seasonality. It is also necessary to resolve problems with irrigation, a great challenge for many regions in Georgia.

• Develop contractual farming Berry prices are high and, therefore, farmers do not see the need to coop-erate with processors or cold storage agents. Their harvest is usually sold easily at a high price, nevertheless, since berry production grows annu-ally, the supply is likely to increase in the future. Prices will drop as a result of the increased supply, and it might become more difficult for berry pro-ducers to sell their produce without contracts. Therefore, it is necessary


Policy Document

• sakontraqto urTierTobebis ganviTa-reba dResdReobiT kenrovnebze fasi maRalia da amitom fermerebi ver xedaven gada-mamuSaveblebTan an, Tundac, samacivre kompaniebTan TanamSromlobis aucile-blobas. mosavali, rogorc wesi, advilad iyideba maRal fasad, Tumca, vinaidan kenkrovnebis warmoeba wlidan wlamde izrdeba, mosalodnelia, momavalSi mi-wodebis gazrda, rac Seamcirebs fass da SesaZloa, kenkris gasaReba garTuldes. amitom aucilebelia sakontraqto fer-merobis (contract farming) ganviTareba, rac ara mxolod amcirebs riskebs jaWvis yvela monawilisTvis, aramed dadebiTad aisaxeba mTlianad seqtoris ganviTa-rebaze.

• kenkrovnebis mwarmoebelTa kvalifika-ciis amaRleba vinaidan kenkris moyvana fermerul meurneobebSi sakmaod axali praqtikaa qarTveli fermerebisTvis, am etapze jer kidev arsebobs codnasTan dakavSi-rebuli sirTuleebi. am gamowvevis gada-saWrelad saWiroa teqnikuri sakiTxebi-sadmi miZRvnili treningebis Catareba fermerebisTvis. aseve rekomendebulia vizitebi warmatebul mezobel qveynebSi (mag., serbeTi, poloneTi), raTa moxdes maTi praqtikis gaziareba. treningebi ar unda atarebdes zogad xasiaTs da aucilebelia treningis Catarebamde kenkrovnebis mwarmoebelTa saWiroebe-bis Seswavla, rom treningis Tema Seesa-bamebodes am saWiroebebs.

• samacivre meurneobebis ganviTarebadResdReobiT jaWvis es rgoli ganuvi-Tarebelia, rac iwvevs imas, rom fermeri iZulebulia, Tavisi mosavali rac Sei-Zleba male gayidos. momavalSi warmoe-bis zrdis fonze, erTianad didi raode-nobis mosavlis gayidva Zalze garTul-deba. mniSvnelovania Sokuri gayinvis

to develop contractual farming to avoid risks within the chain.

• Capacity building of berry producers In order to address the lack of knowledge

and experience in berry production, it is necessary to conduct training on the tech-nical facets of berry production. It is also recommended that visits to successful nearby countries (e.g. Serbia and Poland) are organized to learn from their practices. Training sessions should be specific and in line with needs of berry producers. Prior to training, a needs assessment of berry producers is recommended.

• Develop cold storages This part of the chain is currently rather

underdeveloped, causing farmers to sell their harvest as soon as possible. Once production increases, it will be-come more difficult for farmers to sell larger amounts in such a short time. It is important to have access to cold storages, IQF methods in particular, as berries frozen in this manner better maintain their taste and have improved visual features, which is positively re-flected in the final price. Moreover, the availability of cold storage clearly prolongs the berry season.

• Promote cooperation among farmers The consolidation of farms will help

reduce the costs of certification and storage. A small-scale farmer will have difficulty purchasing cold stor-age space, however a cooperative can make such an investment. The con-solidation of farmes is also necessary to store large quantities of products. As with smaller volumes, the cost of refrigeration cannot be offset, and this should be taken into consideration with the IQF method. Aside from this issue, large-scale producers can supply buy-ers with greater quantities.


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macivrebze xelmisawvdomoba, vinaidan aseTi meTodiT gayinuli kenkra ufro metad inarCunebs gemovnur Tvisebebs da aqvs ukeTesi vizualuri maxasiaTeblebi, rac dadebiTad aisaxeba fasze. garda amisa, samacivre meurneobebze xelmi-sawvdomoba, cxadia, gaaxangrZlivebs kenkrovnebis miwodebis periods.

• fermerebs Soris kooperaciis xelSewyobafermeruli meurneobebis gamsxvileba xels Seuwyobs sertificirebisa da Se-naxvis danaxa

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