Upload
nikhilgarg
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/21/2019 q r code report
1/12
7/21/2019 q r code report
2/12
QR code
QR code(abbreviated from Quick ResponseCode) is the trademark for a type of matrixbarcode(or two-dimensional barcode) firstdesigned for the automotive industry in Japan. Abarcode is a machine-readable optical label thatcontains information about the item to which it is
attached. A Q code uses four standardi!edencoding modes (numeric" alphanumeric" byte #binary" and kan$i) to efficiently store data%extensions may also be used.
&he Q 'ode system became popular outside theautomotive industry due to its fast readability andgreater storage capacity compared tostandard ' barcodes. Applications includeproduct tracking" item identification" time tracking"document management" and general marketing.
A Q code consists of black modules (s*uaredots) arranged in a s*uare grid on a whitebackground" which can be read by an imagingdevice (such as a camera) and processedusing eed+,olomonerror correction until theimage can be appropriately interpreted. &here*uired data are then extracted from patternspresent in both hori!ontal and vertical components
of the image.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_barcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_barcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanjihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Product_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanjihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Product_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_barcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_barcode7/21/2019 q r code report
3/12
History
&he Q code system was invented in /by 0enso1ave. 2ts purpose was to track vehiclesduring manufacture% it was designed to allow high-speed component scanning.Although initially usedfor tracking parts in vehicle manufacturing" Qcodes now are used in a much broader context"
including both commercial tracking applicationsand convenience-oriented applications aimed atmobile-phone users (termed mobile tagging). Qcodes may be used to display text to the user" toadd a v'ard contact to the user3s device" to opena niform esource 2dentifier(2)" or to
compose an e-mail or text message. sers cangenerate and print their own Q codes for othersto scan and use by visiting one of several paid andfree Q code generating sites or apps. &hetechnology has since become one of the most-used types of two-dimensional barcode.
Uses
4riginally designed for industrial uses" Q codeshave become common in consumer advertising.
&ypically" a smartphoneis used as a Q codescanner" displaying the code and converting it to
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone7/21/2019 q r code report
4/12
some useful form (such as a standard 5for awebsite" thereby obviating the need for a user totype it into a web browser). &he Q code hasbecome a focus of advertisingstrategy" since it
provides a way to access a brand3s website more*uickly than by manually entering a 5. 6eyondmere convenience to the consumer" theimportance of this capability is that it increasesthe conversion rate(the chance that contact withthe advertisement will convert to a sale)" bycoaxing interested prospects further downthe conversion funnelwith little delay or effort"bringing the viewer to the advertiser3s websiteimmediately" where a longer and more targetedsales pitch may lose the viewer3s interest.
7obile operating systems
Q codes can be used on various mobile deviceoperating systems. &hese devices support 5redirection" which allows Q codes tosend metadatato existing applications on thedevice. 7any paid or free apps are available withthe ability to scan the codes and hard-link to anexternal 5.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_funnelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL_redirectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL_redirectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_funnelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL_redirectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL_redirectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadata7/21/2019 q r code report
5/12
5s
5s aided marketing conversion rateseven inthe pre-smartphone era" but during those yearsfaced several limitations8 ad viewers usually had totype the 5 and often did not have a webbrowser in front of them when they first viewed thead. &he chances were high that they would forgetto visit the site later" not bother to type a 5" or
forget what 5 to type. ,emantic5sdecreased these risks but did not eliminatethem. ,ome of these disadvantages to 5conversion rates are fading away now thatsmartphones are putting web access and voicerecognition in constant reach. &hus an advert
viewer need only reach for his or her phone andspeak the 5" at the moment of ad contact"rather than remember to type it into a ' later.
9irtual stores
0uring the month of June :;" according to onestudy" / million mobile users scanned a Q codeor a barcode. ,ome of those users scanned a
Q or barcode from their homes" while ?>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_URL7/21/2019 q r code report
6/12
scanned from retail stores% of the / millionusers were men between the ages of = and?/. &he use of Q codes for @virtual store@ formatsstarted in ,outh orea" and Argentina"but is
currently expanding globally. 1almart" rocter BCamble and 1oolworths have already adopted the9irtual ,tore concept.
'ode payments
Q codes can be used to store bank accountinformation or credit card information" or they canbe specifically designed to work with particularpayment provider applications. &here are severaltrial applications of Q code payments across theworld.
2n Dovember :;:" Q code payments weredeployed on a larger scale in the '!echepublicwhen an open format for payment
information exchange - a ,hort ayment0escriptor- was introduced and endorsed by the'!ech 6anking Association as the official localsolution for Q payments.
Q codes are commonly used in the field ofcryptographic currencies" particularly those based
off and including 6itcoin. ayment addresses"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Payment_Descriptorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Payment_Descriptorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Payment_Descriptorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Payment_Descriptorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin7/21/2019 q r code report
7/12
cryptographic keys and transaction information areoften shared between digital wallets in this way.
1ebsite login
Q codes can be used to log in into websites8 aQ 'ode is shown on the login page on acomputer screen" and when a registered userscans it with a verified smartphone" they will
automatically be logged in on the computer.Authentication is performed by the smartphonewhich contacts the server. Coogle tested such alogin method in January :;:.
Encryption
Japanese visa with a Q code (content is notdeciphered)
7/21/2019 q r code report
8/12
Encrypted Q codes" which are not very common"have a few implementations. AnAndroidapp"forexample" manages encryption and decryption ofQ codes using the 0E, algorithm(
7/21/2019 q r code report
9/12
input character set)" version (" G" /;" indicatingthe overall dimensions of the symbol)" and errorcorrectionlevel. &he maximum storage capacitiesoccur for /;-5 symbols (version /;" error
correction level 5.
Here are some sample Q code symbols8
9ersion : (:
7/21/2019 q r code report
10/12
9ersion ? (:I:). 'ontent8 @9ersion ? Q 'ode@
9ersion / (??I??). 'ontent8 @9ersion / Q 'ode" up to
7/21/2019 q r code report
11/12
9ersion :< (I enlarged to F/;xF/;)
9ersion /; (I). 'ontent8 ":F/ characters of ordinary#A,'22 text8 A description of Q codes
taken from anearly versionof this 1ikipedia article
Print size
A printing company recommends a minimum si!efor a printed Q code module of ;.;? inches(;.F mm)" to ensure that the printed result islegible for scanners. 2n addition" by standard
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=QR_code&oldid=446640692http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=QR_code&oldid=446640692http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=QR_code&oldid=4466406927/21/2019 q r code report
12/12
practice" a minimum of four modules width shouldbe left blank around the code.
&his recommendation corresponds to a 9ersion /code with ?? modules per side printed no smallerthan @ s*uare (:< mm)" not including the re*uiredmargin.