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P a g e | 1 kMipaUtr swieMs - 12vIN jmwq
iqAwr krqw: ivkws kWsl (UGC NET Qualified) – 9501010979 (kMipaUtr PYkltI, s.s.s.s.(kM), sunwm)
pwT-6
(nYtvrikMg sMklp)
(slwnw pRIiKAwvW ivc ies pwT ivcoN 1,2 Aqy 6 AMkW vwly pRSn pùCy jwxgy)
KwlI QwvW Bro[
1. do siQqIAW drimAwn fwtw bdlx vwly mwiDAm nUM _______ ikhw jWdw hY[
a. nYtvrk A. hwrf ifsk e. sI. fI. rom s. ieh swry
2. HTTP pRotokol _________ vwsqy vriqAw jWdw hY[ (WWW dy pMnyH dyx leI)
3. inmniliKq ivcoN ikhVw kMipaUtr nYtvrkW dw inSwnw nhIN hY[
a. sroq vMf A. au~c Brosw e. skylyibltI s. iehnW ivcoN koeI nhIN
4. iek Distributed Network Configuration ijs ivc smUh fwtw iek kyNdrI kMipaUtr ivcoN
gujrdw hY[
a. b`s nYtvrk A. stwr nYtvrk e. irMg nYtvrk s. puAwieMt-tU-puAwieMt nYtvrk
5. PC dI muFlI mYmrI jW ifsk qoN iksy dUjy kMipaUtr nUM PweIl Byjx nUM kI ikhw jWdw hY
a. AploifMg A. fwaUnloifMg e. log-ien s. hYNg-Awn
6. aus ifvwies dw nW d`so ijhVw tYlIPon lweInW rwhIN do kMipaUtrW nUM jOVdw hY[
a. typ A. mwfm e. b`s s. kybl
7 sI.pI.XU. qoN iek kMipaUtr dy sImW XMqrW leI fwtw dI Adlw-bdlI __rwhIN pRwpq huMdI hY[
a. mwfm A. kMipaUtr port e. ieMtrPys s. bPr mYmrI
8. __________ sMcwr mwiDAm nhIN hY[
a. tYlIPon lweInW A. ko-AYksIAl kybl e. mwfm s. muVI hoeI koAYksIAl kybl
9. trmInlW dI vrqoN _______ leI kIqI jWdI hY[
a. XUzr qoN fwtw pRvyS krvwaux leI A. skUl mu`KI nUM sUcnw pRdwn krn leI
e. nYtvrk ivc fwtw vMfx leI s. ienWH ivcoN koeI nhIN
10. ieMtrnYt qy phuMc krn leI PC qy lgwieAw jwx vwlw swPtvyAr _________ hY
a. www A. TCP/IP e. Web Browser s. URL
P a g e | 2 kMipaUtr swieMs - 12vIN jmwq
iqAwr krqw: ivkws kWsl (UGC NET Qualified) – 9501010979 (kMipaUtr PYkltI, s.s.s.s.(kM), sunwm)
iek-SbdI pRSn au~qr
1. stwr, irMg Aqy b`s nYtvrk _________ dIAW imswlW hn[ (topolojI)
2. do siQqIAW drimAwn fwtw dI bdlI dy mwiDAm nUM ______ ikhw jWdw hY[ (sMcwr cYnl)
3. iek Cotw ijhw nYtvrk ijhVw sQwnk Kyqr ijvyN ik dPqr, iemwrq qk sIimq huMdw hY[
(LAN)
4. do jW vDyry nYtvrkW dy kunYkSnW nUM ____ ikhw jWdw hY[ (ieMtrnYt)
5. iek nYtvrkd dw pRXog _______ leI kIqw jWdw hY[ (fwtw vMf)
6. _______ inXm (pRotokol) PweIl bdlI dw iDAwn r`Kdw hY[ (FTP)
7. _________ rwhIN kMipaUtr qoN sMdyS Byj Aqy pRwpq kr skdy hW[ (eI myl)
8. _____ kybl plwsitk jW SISy dIAW bxIAW huMdIAW hn Aqy fwtw sMcwr leI vrqIAW
jWdIAW hn[ (EptIkl PweIbr)
9. sMcwr pRxwlI dy swDn duAwrw joVy gey kMipaUtrW dw sMigRh _______ khwauNdw hY[ (nYtvrk)
10. iek nYtvrk ivc nofs dy AMqr sMbMD dw nmUnw _________ khwauNdw hY[ (topolojI)
11. ______ topolojI ivc kyNdrI nof hr iek dUjI nof nwl iek mwrg duAwrw juVIAW huMdIAW
hn[ (stwr)
12. ivksq Aqy fIzweIn kIqI geI pihlI vYn (WAN) pRweIvyt nYtvrk ______ sI[
(ARPANET)
13. fwtw sMcwr gqI nUM mwpx vwlI iek iekweI _______ hY[ (baud)
shI/glq ilKo
1. iek nof iek kMipaUtr huMdw hY jo nYtvrk nwl juiVAw huMdw hY[ (shI)
2. MAN nYtvrk auh huMdw hY jo Sihr ivc PYilAw huMdw hY[ (shI)
3. dr ijs qy lYn fwtw nUM bdldw hY, gIgw-ibts pRqI sYkMf huMdw hY (glq)
4. nYtvrk ieMtrPys iekweI iek ifvwies hY jo srvr nwl Aqy smUh vrkstySnW nwl aunWH
drimAwn kunYkSn joVn leI huMdy hn[ (shI)
5. nYtvrk sMklp ivc URL dw Bwv XUnIPwrm irsors lokytr huMdw hY[ (shI)
6. iek Gbps 1,000,000,00 ibt pRqI sYikMf dy brwbr huMdw hY[ (glq)
7. hvw ivc gYr mwrg drSk sMcwr mwiDAm hY[ (shI)
8. ifvwies ijhVw quhwnUM bhumuKI kMipaUtrW nUM iekihry nYtvrk nwl joVn dI AwigAw idMdw hY, nUM
h`b kihMdy hn[ (shI)
9. bYNfivfQ mwiDAm dI smr`Qw hY ijs ivc isgnl dw sMcwr huMdw hY[ (shI)
P a g e | 3 kMipaUtr swieMs - 12vIN jmwq
iqAwr krqw: ivkws kWsl (UGC NET Qualified) – 9501010979 (kMipaUtr PYkltI, s.s.s.s.(kM), sunwm)
mh`qvpUrn pRSn
1. nYtvrk kI huMdw hY?
au: iek kMipaUtr nYtvrk do jW do qoN v`D kMipaUtrW nUM Awps ivc joVn nwl bxdw hY[ nYtvrk
swDnW (resources) nUM sWJw (share) krn leI bxwieAw jWdw hY[ iek nYtvrk ivc kMipaUtrW nUM
Awps ivc joVn leI sMcwr cYnlW dI vrqoN kIqI jWdI hY[ ieh sMcwr cYnl qwrW jW ibnWH qwrW
vwly ho skdy hn[ nYtvrk ivc kMipaUtrW nUM Awps ivc joVn leI dUrI dI koeI h`d nhIN huMdI[
2. kMipaUtr nUM AYnwlwg tYlIPon lweIn nwl joVn vwly XMqr dw nW ilKo[ ies dIAW iksmW vI
ilKo[
au: kMipaUtr nUM AYnwlwg tYlIPon lweIn nwl joVn vwly XMqr nUM mwfm ikhw
jWdw hY[ ieh do iksmW dy huMdy hn: bwhrI Aqy AMdrUnI mwfm[ iehnW dw
vrnx ies pRkwr hY:
1. bwhrI mwfm (External Modem): ieh kMipaUtr qoN Al`g iek v`Krw XMqr huMdw hY[ iesnUM
kMipaUtr dy sIrIAL port (Serial Port) COM1 jW COM2 nwl joiVAw jWdw hY[ ieh mwfm
AMdrUnI mwfm dy mukwbly mihMgy huMdy hn[ pr iehnW dI sMcwr gqI AMdrUnI mwfm dy mukwbly
izAwdw huMdI hY[
2. AMdrUnI mwfm (Internal Modem): ieh iek ipMRtf srkt borf
(Printed circuit board) huMdw hY[ iesnUM isstm XUint dy AMdr lgwieAw
jWdw hY[ ieh mwfm bwhrI mwfm dy mukwbly ssqy huMdy hn[ pr iehnW
dI sMcwr gqI bwhrI mwfm dy mukwbly G`t huMdI hY[
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8ZtJLsQmLq8/VdR_hA9C_jI/AAAAAAAAAeU/95NEqJkPicY/s1600/1a.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8ZtJLsQmLq8/VdR_hA9C_jI/AAAAAAAAAeU/95NEqJkPicY/s1600/1a.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8ZtJLsQmLq8/VdR_hA9C_jI/AAAAAAAAAeU/95NEqJkPicY/s1600/1a.jpg
P a g e | 4 kMipaUtr swieMs - 12vIN jmwq
iqAwr krqw: ivkws kWsl (UGC NET Qualified) – 9501010979 (kMipaUtr PYkltI, s.s.s.s.(kM), sunwm)
3. sMcwr cYnl dI pirBwSw ilKo[
au: sMcwr cYnl nUM sMcwr mIfIAw vI ikhw jWdw hY[ sMcwr cYnl auh cYnl huMdy hn ijs rwhIN
nYtvrk ivc fwtw nUM iek kMipaUtr qoN dUjy kMipaUtr q`k ByijAw jWdw hY[ sMcwr cYnl do iksmW
dy huMdy hn: gwieff mIfIAw Aqy Angwieff mIfIAw[
4. nYtvrk topolojI kI hY?
au: nYtvrk ivc kMipaUtrW nUM v`K-v`K FMgW nwl pRbMDq krn dy qrIikAW nUM nYtvrk topolojIz
ikhw jWdw hY[ iek nYtvrk ivc kMipaUtrW nUM keI qrIikAW nwl pRbMiDq kIqw jw skdw hY[ ies
leI nYtvrk topolojIz keI iksmW dIAW huMdIAW hn, ijvyN ik stwr topolojI, bs topolojI, irMg
topolojI, tRI topolojI, mYS topoljI[
5. URL kI huMdw hY?
au: ieMtrnYt aupr hryk vYbpyz dw iek ivl`Kx AYfrYs huMdw hY[ ies AyfrYs nUM hI XunIPwrm
irsors lokytr ikhw jWdw hY[ ieMtrnYt aupr iksy vYb-pyz q`k phuMc krn leI swnUM vYb-bRwaUzr
ivc ausdw URL tweIp krnw pYNdw hY[ URL dI audwhrx hyT ilKy Anuswr hY:
6. WWW kI hY?
au: vrlf vweIf vYb nUM www jW web jW W3 dw nW nwl vI jwixAw jWdw hY[ ieh vYb srvrW dw
iek smUh huMdw hY[ vrlf vweIf vYb ivc sUcnw nUM vYb pyjW ivc stor kIqw jWdw hY[ vYb pyjW nUM
HTML ivc bxwieAw jWdw hY[ HTML vYb pyjW dI bxqr Aqy q`qW nUM pirBwiSq krdw hY[ vYb pyz
ivc tYkst, qsvIrW, AwfIE, vIfIE, AynImySn Awid ho skdy hn[ iek dUjy nwl sMbMDq vYb
pyjW dy smUh nUM vYb-sweIt ikhw jWdw hY[ vYb-sweIt nUM vYb –srvr aupr stor kIqw jWdw hY[
iek vYbswiet dy pyjW nUM Awps ivc hweIprilMks duAwrw joiVAw jWdw hY[ vYb pyz ivc
hweIprilMk inly rMg ivc AMfrlweIn kIqy hoey nzr AwauNdy hn[ vYbsweIt dy sB qoN pihly vYb
pyz nUM hompyz (Homepage) ikhw jWdw hY[ vYbpyzW nUM dyKx leI vYb-bRwauzr (web-browser) dI
vrqoN kIqI jWdI hY[ ku`J Awm vrqy jwx vwly vYb bRwaUzr hn – gUgl kRom (Google Chrome),
ieMtrnYt Ayksplorr (Internet Explorer), PwierPoks (Firefox)
P a g e | 5 kMipaUtr swieMs - 12vIN jmwq
iqAwr krqw: ivkws kWsl (UGC NET Qualified) – 9501010979 (kMipaUtr PYkltI, s.s.s.s.(kM), sunwm)
7. ieMtrnYtvrikMg kI huMdI hY?
au: v`K-v`K nYtvrkW nUM Awps ivc joVn dw pRosYs ieMtrnYtvrikMg AKvwauNdw hY Aqy ies qrW dy
bxwey gey nYtvrkW nUM ieMtrnYtvrk ikhw jWdw hY[ ieMtrnYtvrk ivc v`K-v`K nYtvrkW nUM Awps
ivc joVn leI keI iksmW dy XMqrW dI vrqoN kIqI jWdI hY ijvyN ik: rwaUtr (Router), gytvyA
(Gateway) Awid[
8. FTP kI huMdI hY? iesdy lwB ilKo[
au: ieh ieMtrnYt leI vriqAw jwx vwlw stYNfrf pRotokol hY[ iehnW pRotokolz dI vrqoN ieMtrnYt
aupr kMipaUtrW ivckwr PweIlW tWRsPr krn leI kIqI jWdI hY[ FTP pRotokol ieMtrnYt dy TCP/IP
pRotokolz dI mdd nwl hI PweIlW dI Adlw-bdlI krdy hn[ ieMtrnYt aupr PweIlW dI Adlw
bdlI krn ivc FTP kwPI lwBdwiek is`D huMdI hY[
9. nYtvrk h`b kI huMdw hY? iesdy lwB kI hn?
au: nYtvrk h`b iek sMcwr XMqr hY jo nYtvrk bnwaux leI
vriqAw jWdw hY[ ieh do jW do qoN v`D ieQrnYt (Ethernet)
nYtvrkW nUM Awps ivc joVn dw kMm krdw hY[ ieh iehnW
nYtvrkW nUM joV ky iekihry nYtvrk dy qOr qy drSwauNdw hY[
ie`k h`b keI lweInW qoN ienpu`t pRwpq krdw hY[ jdoN h`b iksy vI ie`k ienpu`t lweIn qoN fwtw
pRwpq krdw hY qW ieh ies pRwpq fwtw nUM bwkI swrIAW lweInW aupr Byj idMdw hY[ h`b nUM Awm
qOr qy stwr topolojI ivc vriqAw jWdw hY[
10. fwtw bdlI (fwtw tRWsPr) dI pirBwSw idE[ iesdIAW iekweIAW kI hn?
au: kMipaUtrW ivckwr fwtw dI Adlw bdlI krnw fwtw tWRsPr AKvwauNdw hY[ iek im`Qy smyN
ivc fwtw dI ijMnHI mwqrw kMipaUtrW ivckwr tRWsPr kIqI jWdI hY, aus nUM fwtw bdlI dr ikhw
jWdw hY[ fwtw bdlI dr nUM ibts (bits)ivc pRgtwieAw jWdw hY[ fwtw bdlI dIAW iekweIAW
ib`t drW ivc hyT ilKy Anuswr ho skdIAW hn:
kbps - kilobits per second
mbps - megabits per second
gbps - gigabits per second
tbps - terabits per second
P a g e | 6 kMipaUtr swieMs - 12vIN jmwq
iqAwr krqw: ivkws kWsl (UGC NET Qualified) – 9501010979 (kMipaUtr PYkltI, s.s.s.s.(kM), sunwm)
11. qusIN sMcwr mwiDAm Sbd qoN kI smJdy ho?
au: sMcwr mwiDAm nUM sMcwr cYnl vI ikhw jWdw hY[ sMcwr mwiDAm auh mwiDAm huMdy hn ijs
rwhIN nYtvrk ivc fwtw nUM iek kMipaUtr qoN dUjy kMipaUtr q`k ByijAw jWdw hY[ sMcwr mwiDAm do
iksmW dy huMdy hn:
gwieff mIfIAw Aqy
Angwieff mIfIAw[
v`fy auqrW vwly pRSn
1. nYtvrk dI lOV ikauN pYNdI hY?
au: nYtvrikMg dI jrUrq hyT ilKy kwrnW krky pYNdI hY:
1. kMipaUtr PweIlW nUM sWJw krn leI (To share computer files)
2. kMipaUtr dy v`K-v`K hwrfvyAr BwgW dI sWJ krn leI (To share hardware components)
3. kMipaUtrW nUM iek dUjy nwl sMcwr krn Xog bnwauxw (to enable communication between
computers)
4. sMcwr dI gqI Aqy SuD`qw nUM vDwauxw (to increse the speed and accuracy in
communication)
5. fwtw tRWsPr dI kImq Gtwaux leI (to reduce the cost of data transfer)
6. gru`p ivc kMm krn leI (To work in groups)
7. nYtvrk rwhIN kMm dI auqpwdkqw ivc vwDw huMdw hY[
2. fwtw vMf (Data Sharing) nUM nYtvrikMg dw mh`qvpUrn pRXog ikauN mMinAw jWdw hY?
au: fwtw vMf (Data Sharing) nUM nYtvrikMg dw mh`qvpUrn pRXog mMinAw jWdw hY[ iesdy keI
kwrn hn[ nYtvrk dI vrqoN nwl v`K-v`K XUzr fwtw dI SwJ AwswnI nwl kr skdy hn[
audwhrx leI: iek sMsQw ivc v`K-v`K ivBwgW dy XUzr nYtvrk dI vrqoN nwl PweIlW dI sWJ
kr skdy hn[ nYtvrk fwtw dy sMcwr dI gqI Aqy SuD`qw nUM vDwauNdy hn[ nYtvrk rwhIN iksy
fwtw nUM dUijAW q`k qyzI nwl phuMcwieAw jw skdw hY[ ies qoN ielwvw fwtw nUM tRWsPr krn dI
kImq vI kwPI G`t jWdI hY[ nYtvrk rwhIN v`K-v`K gru`p tImW bxw ky iek hI fwtw aupr kMm
krn ivc mdd imldI hY[ ies nwl kMm dI auqpwdkqw ivc vwDw huMdw hY[ iehnW kwrnW krky
AsIN kih skdy hW ik fwtw dI vMf nUM nYtvrikMg dw mh`qvpUrn pRXog mMinAw jWdw hY[
P a g e | 7 kMipaUtr swieMs - 12vIN jmwq
iqAwr krqw: ivkws kWsl (UGC NET Qualified) – 9501010979 (kMipaUtr PYkltI, s.s.s.s.(kM), sunwm)
3. kybl tIvI nYtvrk leI ikhVI iksm dw nYtvrk lwBdwiek huMdw hY? ieh vYn nwloN ikvyN v`K
hY?
au: kybl tIvI nYtvrk iek pUry Sihr ivc PYilAw hoieAw nYtvrk huMdw hY Aqy Aijhy nYtvrk
leI MAN nYtvrk dI vrqoN kIqI jWdI hY[ ies qrWH AsIN kih skdy hW ik kybl tIvI nYtvrk
leI MAN nYtvrk lwBdwiek huMdy hn[ ieh nYtvrk vYn nYtvrk nwloN v`K huMdy hn ikauNik vYn
nYtvrk pUry dyS/mhWdIp jW sMswr ivc PYly hoey huMdy hn[ ies qrW AsIN kih skdy hW ik kybl
tIvI nYtvrk (MAN) WAN nYtvrk dy mukwbly bhuq Coty huMdy hn[
4. gweIff imfIAw Aqy AngweIff mIfIAw fwtw sMcwr mwiDAm kI huMdy hn?hryk dI imswl
idE[
au: auh mIfIAw ijs rwhIN nYtvrk ivc fwtw nUM iek kMipaUtr qoN dUjy kMipaUtr q`k ByijAw jWdw
hY, ausnUM tRWsimSn mIfIAw ikhw jWdw hY[ tRWsimSn mIfIAw nUM sMcwr mIfIAw vI ikhw jWdw hY[
kMipaUtrW nYtvrkW ivc fwtw sMcwr leI do iksmW dy mIfIAw vrqy jWdy hn:
gweIff jW bWaUNff mIfIAw (Guided or Bounded Media):
ies mIfIAw ivc fwtw qwrW dI vrqoN krky iek Kws rsqy rwhIN sMcwr krdw hY[ ieh mIfIAw
keI qrW dw huMdw hY[ ijvyN ik: tivsitf pyAr kybl, koAYksIAl kybl, PweIbr Awpitk kybl
Awid[
AngweIff jW AnbWaUNff mIfIAw (UnGuided or UnBounded Media):
ies mIfIAw ivc fwtw sMcwr ibnWH qwrW dy hvw rwhIN huMdw hY[ ies ivc fwtw dw pRvwh iek Kws
rsqy dI bjwey hr idSw ivc ho skdw hY[ ieh mIfIAw auhnW QwvW auqy vriqAw jWdw hY ij`Qy
kyblW nwl sMcwr krn ivc smisAw AwauNdI hY[ AngweIff mIfIAw dIAW mu`K iksmW – ryfIE
qrMgW, mweIkro qrMgW, aupgRih mweIkro qrMgW, ienPrwrY`f qrMgW Awid hn[
P a g e | 8 kMipaUtr swieMs - 12vIN jmwq
iqAwr krqw: ivkws kWsl (UGC NET Qualified) – 9501010979 (kMipaUtr PYkltI, s.s.s.s.(kM), sunwm)
5. nYtvrikMg ivc mwfm dw kI kMm hY?
au: mwfm dw pUrw nw mwfUlytr ifmwfUlytr
(Modulator Demodulator) hY[ ieh iek sMcwr
XMqr hY[ ies dI vrqoN ifzItl isgnl (digital
signal) nUM AYnwlwg isgnl (Analogue singal) Aqy
AYnwlwg isgnl nUM ifzItl isgnl ivc qbdIl
krn leI kIqI jWdI hY[ kMipaUtr ifzItl
isgnl pYdw krdw hY[ prMqU ieh isgnl lMbI dUrI
q`k sMcwr krn leI FukvyN nhIN huMdy[ ies leI
iehnW isgnlW nUM AYnwlwg isgnlW ivc qbdIl
kIqw jWdw hY jo ik lMbI dUrI q`k sMcwr krn leI
FukvyN huMdy hn[ ifzItl isgnl nUM AYnwlwg isgnl ivc qbdIl krnw mwfUlytr AKvwauNdw hY[
jdoN AYnwlwg isgnl Awpxy pVwv qy phuMc jWdw hY qW ies AYnwlwg isgnl nUM vwips ifzItl
isgnl ivc qbdIl kIqw jWdw hY qW jo kMipaUtr ifzItl rUp ivc isgnl nUM pRwpq kr sky[
AYnwlwg isgnl nUM ifzItl isgnl ivc qbdIl krnw fImwfUlytr AKvwauNdw hY[ ies qrWH AsIN
kih skdy hW ik nYtvrikMg ivc mwfm sMcwr krn ivc mh`qvpUrn BUimkw inBwauNdw hY[
hor v`fy ayuqrW vwly mh`vpUrn pRSn
pR1: nYtvrk kI huMdy hn? v`K-v`K iksmW dy nYtvrkW nUM ibAwn kro[
au: iek kMipaUtr nYtvrk do jW do qoN v`D kMipaUtrW nUM Awps ivc joVn nwl bxdw hY[ nYtvrk
swDnW (resources) nUM sWJw (share) krn leI bxwieAw jWdw hY[ iek nYtvrk ivc kMipaUtrW nUM
Awps ivc joVn leI sMcwr cYnlW dI vrqoN kIqI jWdI hY[ ieh sMcwr cYnl qwrW jW ibnWH qwrW
vwly ho skdy hn[ nYtvrk ivc kMipaUtrW nUM Awps ivc joVn leI dUrI dI koeI h`d nhIN huMdI[
nYtvrkW dIAW iksmW:
kMipaUtr nYtvrk keI iksmW dy huMdy hn[ nYtvrk nUM auhnW dy Bugoilk Kyqr dy Anuswr hyT ilKy
iqMnH BwgW ivc vMifAw jw skdw hY: LAN, MAN Aqy WAN
1. lokl eyrIAw nYtvrk (LAN-Local Area Network):
ies nYtvrk ivc Coty Bugoilk Kyqr dy kMipaUtrW nUM Awps ivc joiVAw jWdw hY[ ieh Cotw
BUgoilk Kyqr iek irhwieSI iblifMg, skUl, lweIbRyrI jW dPqr Awid ho skdw hY[ LAN nYtvrk
P a g e | 9 kMipaUtr swieMs - 12vIN jmwq
iqAwr krqw: ivkws kWsl (UGC NET Qualified) – 9501010979 (kMipaUtr PYkltI, s.s.s.s.(kM), sunwm)
dw Kyqr MAN Aqy WAN nYtvrk dy mukwbly kwPI Cotw huMdw hY[ Awm qOr qy LAN nYtvrk
pRwievyt nYtvrk huMdy hn[ dPqrW ivc LAN nYtrvk dI vrqoN v`K-v`K swDnW nUM jW sUcnw nUM sWJy
krn leI kIqI jWdI hY[
iek LAN nYtvrk bhuq swry BwgW qoN imlky bxdw hY[ ieh Bwg tRWsimSn cYnl (tvIstf pyAr
kybl, ko-AYksIAl kybl, PweIbr-AwptIk kybl Awid) srvr kMipaUtr, vrkstySn
kMipaUtr, NIC, h`b Awid huMdy hn[
2. mYtropolItn eyrIAw nYtvrk (MAN-Metropolitan Area Network):
ieh nYtvrk BUgoilk Kyqr ivc LAN qoN v`fy prMqU WAN qoN Coty huMdy hn[ MAN nYtvrk dw
BUgoilk Kyqr iek v`fy Sihr ijnWH v`fw ho skdw hY[ MAN nYtvrk kybl tI.vI. nYtvrk dI qrWH
iekihrw nYtvrk vI ho skdw hY Aqy ieh keI Coty LAN nYtvrkW qoN iml ky vI bixAw ho skdw
hY[ audwhrx leI: iek kMpnI Sihr ivc PYly Awpxy LAN nYtvrkW nUM Awps ivc joV ky MAN
nYtvrk bxw skdI hY[ MAN nYtvrk pRweIvyt Aqy pbil`k dovyN qrWH dy ho skdy hn[ MAN
nYtvrk dI rPqwr LAN nwloN G`t pr WAN nwloN v`D huMdI hY[
3. vweIf eyrIAw nYtvrk (WAN-Wide Area Network):
ieh sB qoN v`fy nYtvrk huMdy hn[ ienWH nYtvrkW ivc BUgoilk Kyqr dI koeI sImw nhIN huMdI[ ies
nYtvrk dw BUgoilk Kyqr iek pUrw dyS, mhWdIp jW sMswr ijnWH v`fw ho skdw hY[ ies nYtvrk
ivc kMipaUtrW nUM Awps ivc joVn leI pbilk nYtvrkW dI mdd leI jWdI hY[ audwhrx leI:
tYlIPon nYtvrk dI mdd nwl ies nYtvrk dy kMipaUtrW nUM Awps ivc joiVAw jWdw hY[ ies qoN
ielwvw sYtylweIt (Satellite) dI mdd nwl vI kMipaUtrW nUM ies nYtvrk ivc joiVAw jw skdw
hY[ ieMtrnYt WAN nYtvrk dI sB qoN vDIAw audwhrx hY[ WAN nYtvrk bnwaux leI keI
iksmW dy XMqr iesqymwl kIqy jWdy hn[ ijvyN ik: ibRj (Bridge), rwaUtr (Router), gytvyA
(Gateway) Awid[ mu`K qOr qy rylvy, bYNk, Awid KyqrW ivc iehnW nYtvrkW dI vrqoN kIqI jWdI
hY[ WAN nYtvrk dI rPqwr LAN Aqy MAN dy mukwbly G`t huMdI hY[
pR:2 nYtvrk topolojI kI huMdI hY? v`K-v`K iksmW dIAW topoljIAW nUM ibAwn kro[
au: nYtvrk ivc kMipaUtrW nUM v`K-v`K FMgW nwl pRbMDq krn dy qrIikAW nUM nYtvrk topolojIz
ikhw jWdw hY[ iek nYtvrk ivc kMipaUtrW nUM keI qrIikAW nwl pRbMiDq kIqw jw skdw hY[ ies
leI nYtvrk topolojIz keI iksmW dIAW huMdIAW hn[ ku`J Awm vrqIAW jwx vwlIAW nYtvrk
topolojIz ies pRkwr hn:
P a g e | 10 kMipaUtr swieMs - 12vIN jmwq
iqAwr krqw: ivkws kWsl (UGC NET Qualified) – 9501010979 (kMipaUtr PYkltI, s.s.s.s.(kM), sunwm)
bs topolojI (Bus Topology):
ieh topolojI LAN nYtvrk ivc vrqI jWdI hY[ ieh sB qoN swDwrx topolojI hY[
ies toopolojI ivc nYtvrk dy swry kMipaUtr iek iekihrI kybl (Single cable)
nwl juVy huMdy hn[ ies kybl nUM bs ikhw jWdw hY[ ieh kybl pUry nYtvrk ivc
iek rIVH dI h`fI mMnHI jWdI hY[ nYtvrk ivc hr iek nof (kMipaUtr) dUjI nof nwl ies kybl
rwhIN hI sMcwr krdI hY[ bs dy dovyN iknwirAW auqy trmInytr l`igAw huMdw hY jo isgnl nUM bwaUNs
hox qoN bcwauNdw hY[
stwr topolojI (Star Topology):
ieh topolojI LAN nYtvrk ivc vrqI jWdI hY[ ies ivc swrIAW nofz (kMipaUtr)
iek kyNdrI XMqr nwl juVIAW huMdIAW hn[ ies kyNdrI XMqr nUM h`b ikhw jWdw hY[
kyNdrI XMqr Aqy nofz ivckwr Point-to-Point kunYkSn huMdw hY[ hr iek nof dUjI
nof nwl ies kyNdrI h`b rwhIN hI juVI huMdI hY[ nYtvrk ivc swrw fwtw ies kyNdrI h`b ivcoN hI
lMG ky jWdw hY[ Awm qOr qy UTP (AnSIlff tvIstf pyAr) kybl dI vrqoN nwl nofz nUM kyNdrI
h`b nwl joiVAw jWdw hY[
irMg topolojI (Ring Topology):
ieh topolojI LAN nYtvrk ivc vrqI jWdI hY[ ies topolojI ivc swrIAW nofz
(kMipaUtr) iek dUjy nwl iek bMd lUp (Closed loop) ivc juVIAW huMdIAW hn[ hr
nof dUsrIAW do hor guAWFI nofz nwl juVI huMdI hY[ ies nYtvrk ivc fwtw Byjx jW
pRwpq krn leI tokn (token) dI vrqoN kIqI jWdI hY[ tokn ivc fwtw Byjx vwly Aqy ies nUM
pRwpq krn vwly sMbMDI sUcnw stor huMdI hY[
mYS topolojI (Mesh Topology):
ieh topolojI LAN nYtvrk ivc vrqI jWdI hY[ ies topolojI ivc swrIAW nofz
Awps ivc iek dUjy nwl juVIAW huMdIAW hn[ ies iksm dI topolojI kwPI mihMgI
huMdI hY[ ieh Awm qOr qy ibnWH qwrW vwly (wireless) nYtrvk ivc vrqI jWdI hY[
ies topolojI ivc hr iek nof dUjIAW swrIAW nofz nwl is`Dy qOr qy juVI huMdI hY[ Flooding Aqy
Routing ies topolojI ivc vrqIAW jwx vwlIAW mu`K qknIkW hn[
tRI topolojI (Tree Topology):
ies topolojI ivc bs Aqy stwr topolojI dIAW ivSySqwvW nUM iek`Tw kIqw igAw hY[
ies topolojI ivc keI stwr topolojI vwly nYtvrkW nUM bs kybl rwhIN joiVAw jWdw
P a g e | 11 kMipaUtr swieMs - 12vIN jmwq
iqAwr krqw: ivkws kWsl (UGC NET Qualified) – 9501010979 (kMipaUtr PYkltI, s.s.s.s.(kM), sunwm)
hY[ ies topolojI nUM Expanded Star Topology vI ikhw jWdw hY[ ies topolojI ivc Awm qOr qy
ieQrnYt (Ethernet) pRotokol vriqAw jWdw hY[
12vIN jmwq dy pwTW dy ivfIE lYkcrW dI lVI dyKx leI hyT idqy
ilMk aupr kil`k kro jI
pwT-1 11vIN jmwq dI duhrweI https://youtu.be/A6J5GO56t4E
pwT-2 stirMgz https://youtu.be/j9ler5lctwk
https://youtu.be/Ux-K_Tk9HGM
pwT-3 PMkSnz https://youtu.be/xGGxbPtdtZc
https://youtu.be/6u8lu-G8zSw pwT-4 ivMfoz muvI mykr (Bwg-1) https://youtu.be/7s-mjrv9hjI
pwT-5 ivMfoz muvI mykr (Bwg-2) https://youtu.be/XjSXQzcafJQ
YouTube aupr sI-pRogrwimMg sMbMDI ivfIE lYkcrz dy ilMk
1. : https://youtu.be/CKwC8oeOw_o
2. : https://youtu.be/G9ZaHvTd5sU
3. , , : https://youtu.be/8NXsnDCr1ho
4. - : https://youtu.be/aU06gTkp82k
5. : https://youtu.be/PGv1_8Q5fh8
- 1 (ਉ 1 5 ਉ ) https://youtu.be/8hg3BJAyBqE
https://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/A6J5GO56t4E&sa=D&ust=1590741666642000&usg=AFQjCNGLipOKx21RaNGLS2ts7cD-bju46ghttps://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/j9ler5lctwk&sa=D&ust=1590741666643000&usg=AFQjCNEygHB87wyjWSluGJGrtQJDoOhiSAhttps://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/Ux-K_Tk9HGM&sa=D&ust=1590741409029000&usg=AFQjCNG2ky9xHk97mpSSHCEIUNYhMCud3Ahttps://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/xGGxbPtdtZc&sa=D&ust=1590741666643000&usg=AFQjCNGrjDwJXUHAW0t5pkHGQK2r_R9vuAhttps://youtu.be/6u8lu-G8zSwhttps://youtu.be/7s-mjrv9hjIhttps://youtu.be/XjSXQzcafJQhttps://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/CKwC8oeOw_o&sa=D&ust=1590741409006000&usg=AFQjCNHbJGteZ_7vUkDvQsEu4_iHunqaUwhttps://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/G9ZaHvTd5sU&sa=D&ust=1590741409009000&usg=AFQjCNF-e3inSe4OIQAyRXctkFkFnCuePwhttps://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/8NXsnDCr1ho&sa=D&ust=1590741409012000&usg=AFQjCNHAmEh9M-o4N24s5SvP5IC8TirR6ghttps://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/aU06gTkp82k&sa=D&ust=1590741409014000&usg=AFQjCNG8Ll3GFHeI52iofyACTCDQ39y-2Ahttps://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/PGv1_8Q5fh8&sa=D&ust=1590741409016000&usg=AFQjCNGSVIQgc72xOCTrs_MQe6e7d0bmUQhttps://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/8hg3BJAyBqE&sa=D&ust=1590741409019000&usg=AFQjCNHEo0CqaC_44GVtKtj4Ua-uCKVJJQ
P a g e | 12 kMipaUtr swieMs - 12vIN jmwq
iqAwr krqw: ivkws kWsl (UGC NET Qualified) – 9501010979 (kMipaUtr PYkltI, s.s.s.s.(kM), sunwm)
6. - : https://youtu.be/xi-38dRt3mY
- 2 ( ਉ ) https://youtu.be/v_lw8wmfIP4
7. - : https://youtu.be/NIkDGAr-AjE
- 3 ( ਉ ) https://youtu.be/RBq--darc0I
8. : https://youtu.be/vfUmTaczhrU
9. : https://youtu.be/Ux-K_Tk9HGM
10. : https://youtu.be/6u8lu-G8zSw
https://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/xi-38dRt3mY&sa=D&ust=1590741409021000&usg=AFQjCNEUsT3SyRebdi9OH81LJOf8qKY3YQhttps://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/v_lw8wmfIP4&sa=D&ust=1590741409024000&usg=AFQjCNEVA1RxpIkZ7QtCji4UWwD8UWZIaghttps://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/NIkDGAr-AjE&sa=D&ust=1590741409026000&usg=AFQjCNEDOAyF7sUR4tCc8WQHBtt_wxBELwhttps://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/RBq--darc0I&sa=D&ust=1590741409027000&usg=AFQjCNG4CgWy91_Jg10TBF6tMrAC7F9fywhttps://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/vfUmTaczhrU&sa=D&ust=1590741409028000&usg=AFQjCNGSp0ZWv3pF6QYAePvVthA_iWZKwwhttps://www.google.com/url?q=https://youtu.be/Ux-K_Tk9HGM&sa=D&ust=1590741409029000&usg=AFQjCNG2ky9xHk97mpSSHCEIUNYhMCud3Ahttps://youtu.be/6u8lu-G8zSw