Purposes of Health Professional Educate

Benefits of physical activity Do’s and don’ts of exercise

screen and evaluate testing design programs lead exercise classes analyze client performance motivate

Components of Physical Fitness

cardiorespiratory endurance musculoskeletal fitness body composition flexibility neuromuscular relaxation

Purposes of Physical Fitness Testing

Develop physical fitness profiles Identify strengths and weakness Set realist and attainable goals Make accurate and precise exercise RX Evaluate progress

Testing Order and Testing environment

resting blood pressure and heart rate body composition cardiorespiratory endurance muscular

fitness flexibility Room (70-74 degrees; controlled relative

humidity; privacy

Test Validity, Reliability, and Objectivity

Validity Reference or Criterion

direct measures indirect measures prediction errors validity coefficient .80 or greater reliability coefficient .90 or greater objectivity coefficient

Evaluation Prediction equation

What criterion measure used to base prediction equation?

How large a sample? What is the R and SEE What population is equation based on? How are the variables measured? Was the equation cross-validated? Do the R’s and SEE’s of original and cross

validation study seem Comparable?

Pretest Instructions

Wear comfortable clothing Drink plenty of fluids prior to testing 24hr

period Refrain from eating, smoking, and

drinking or caffeine for 3 hrs Do not engage in strenuous physical

activity the day of the test Get adequate sleep the night before

Test Administration and Interpretation

Administration Practice, Practice, Practice

Interpretation Compare clients fitness to established

norms Use lay language to explain results Be positive when relaying results Don’t be intimidating

Basic Principle for Exercise Program Design

Specificity of training Overload Principle Principle of Progression Principle of initial Values Principle of Interindividual Variability Principle of Diminishing Returns Principle of Reversibility

Basic Elements of Exercise Prescription

Mode Intensity Duration Intensity Frequency Progression

initial improvement maintenance

Cardiorespiratory Fitness

VO2max (L/min,ml/min, or ml/kg/min) the capacity of the heart, lungs and blood

to transport oxygen to the working muscles , and

the utilization of oxygen by the muscles during exercise

Stages of Progression in the Exercise Program

Initial stage 4-6 weeks Start slow get duration up first

Improvement stage 4 to 5 months Progression until meet fitness goal

Maintenance stage

Exericse Program Adherence 3 of every 5 in U.S. not getting

recommended amount of physical activity

25% no physical activity Of those starting exercise programs 50%

will drop out within one year We must help develop a positive attitude

toward physical activity Help client make a commitment

Factors Related to Exercise Program Adherence

Biological Factors Psychological Factors Social Factors Behavioral Factors Program Factors

Critical factors characterizing exercise program dropouts Overweight Low self-motivation Anxiety about exercise Lack of spousal support The feeling that the exercise facility is

inconvenient Perception that exercise intensity too high Lack of social support during and after exercise

Theories of Behavior Change

Behavior Modification Theory Social Cognitive Theory Stages of Readiness Theory

Maximal Vs. Submaximal Test

Max tests are: expensive uncomfortable need high tester motivation

submaximal predict or estimate max from data use heart rate less expensive more error

Assumptions of Submaximal Exercise Test

We assume steady state heart rate at each intensity

Assume linear response of heart rate, oxygen uptake and work intensity

Mechanical efficiency Assume age predicted HRmax is clients

actual heart rate