Punctuation

Helping ReadersUnderstand Our Thoughts

I wish I knew how to punctuate a cowcan punctuate betterthan I can you?

• Period follows a statement: My sister is called Donna.

• Question mark follows question: Will Wausaukee win tonight?

• Exclamation mark follows exclamation: What a handsome fellow!

• How about those Rangers!• Period/exclamation mark follows command:• Wait here. Wait here!

End Marks

• I. B. Smart

• Dr. I. B. Smart

• Co., Inc., Jr.,

• Ave., St.

• A.M.

• NO PERIODS: FBI, WI, cm,

Abbreviations

Practice• Return these IRS pamphlets by 3:00 PM

• What a great day we had in Mrs Kahles’ class

• Where did you ever find a pear that weighs 16 g, Florence

• How can I send this to E L Baines Enterprises, Inc, if I can’t find the address

• Send your medical questions to Dr Nicole Caine, 1414 Richy Rich St, Beverly Hills, CA 10000

• Commas separate words, phrases, and short sentences in a series: They found gum on the floor, in the bubbler, and on the walls.

Commas in a Series

Ex: We arrived, we cleaned, and we painted.

EXCEPTION: The Rangers beat Peshtigo and Crivitz and Suring.

Laura walked into the room saw her dad sitting in her desk waiting for her and ran straight to the bathroom.

Vanessa Ring is a quiet shy introverted person who rarely says a word in class.

Commas separate two or more adjectives preceding a noun IF each adjective describes the noun itself.

When the classroom filled with billowing black smoke, Michael picked up his girlfriend from the seat behind him, threw her over his shoulders, and carried her outside to safety.

,

The recipe for Tom Rhoades’ thick red spicy sauce has just sold for one million dollars.

Practice: Commas

Jarrett Mattison is a famous trapeze artist who has traveled the world discussing his new book, How Mrs. Kahles’ English Class Made Me a Success.

EXCEPTION:

Artist is both famous and trapeze??? NO

Trapeze artist is famous--no comma!

Tom’s sauce is thick and red and spicy.

, ,

Punctuating Compound Sentences

Commas Semi-Colon

Independent Clauses

A clause which can stand on its own as

a complete sentence

Kim wanted to eata large bowl of ice

cream.

Kim’s mother said she couldn’tbecause she didn’t eat all of her supper.

but,

Commas -compound sentences

• Use commas before coordinating conjunctions (and,but,for, or, etc.) when they connect independent clauses:

• Stephen is a freshman but he plays on the varsity team.

• First Clyde asked Mary to the dance and then Suzanne.

,

• The calendar is very old and made of stone.

• Charlotte laughed but I didn’t.

• Combine:

• Put covers on your textbooks. They will stay clean.

Practice Session

•John Glenn, a U.S. senator, was an astronaut. A U.S. senator does not tell us which Glenn you are talking about

Commas/nonessential words

Essential/Nonessential Elements:Restrictive: Nonrestrictive

Nonessential:Doesn’t limit

to a certain one

My cousin, who is fifteen, ..

Essential:Limits to a certain one

The girl who is sittingin the corner is...

Comma: essential phrases

The car with its lights on belongs to the principal, Mr. Noll.

With its lights on tells us exactly whichcar we are talking about

Restrictive/Nonrestrictive

ClausesHave you beengood to yourteacher???

The Santa who is talking is the restrictive Santa.

These worms all called Megan are reading books for their Outside Reading Requirement for their favorite class--English!

My name isMeagan!

It’s spelledM.a.g.a.n!

Mine isMaghan!

Spell mineM.E.G.H.A.N.

• The cookies that Amber makes are not very good.

• Circle any words that are unfamiliar to you.

• Lobster Newburg which was named for a man named Wenberg is made with a tomato sauce.

• Do Ex: 6, p. 265.

Let’s Practice

• Yes, Well, NO, Why: “No, I do not like you, Clyde!”

• Participial Phrase: Grabbing Robert’s hand, Marianna dragged him onto the dance floor.

• Adverb Clause: When Caleb grows up, he wants to be a teacher just like Mrs. Kahles.

• Long Prepositional Phrase: On the night before the biggest dance of the year, it snowed.

Commas: Introductory Words

• Parenthetical Expressions: In fact, no one has a date for the dance. This book, for instance, costs fifteen dollars.

PRACTICE

• As a matter of fact, I want to thank you Joe for straightening out your best buddy Ben.

• Dromedaries the camels with one hump can carry heavy loads.

• Yes some caves had walls some had roofs and some had separate rooms right Mrs. Smith?

Introductory Elements

Yes, I agree...

After you finish talking, you

On the way home froman exhausting day, Carrie

Running down the street,

Jake tripped on hisshoe laces....

Words

Adverb Clauses

Long Prepositional Phrases

Participial Phrases

• Yes the world-famous writer Samantha Townsend did win a Nobel Prize on September 15 1934 when she was only three years old.

• Sitting on Ben Afleck’s lap at the dance, Jennifer Ruby was startled when her best friend Suzi Snyde handed her a letter from someone else, to read which began “Dear Jennifer I have loved you from afar for years. Your Secret Admirer …”

Practice

Commas: Interrupters

• Appositives and Phrases: Adam, the tallest freshman, is even taller than Mrs. Kahles.

Mrs. Kahles is shorter than Adam, the tallest freshman boy.

• Direct Address: Andy, did you ask that special someone to the dance? Do you have a date yet, Christin? I heard, Andy, that Christin doesn’t have a date yet.

• Separate items in dates and addresses: Our Snowball Dance will be held on Saturday, February 22, 2003, in the cafeteria. The address of the school is Hwy 141, Wausaukee, Wisconsin, which is just ten miles north of Crivitz.

• After name followed by an abbreviation when interrupting a sentence

Give this to my sweetheart, Johnny Handsome, Jr., when you see him.

Semicolons

Use me between independent clauseswithout conjunctions

;Hello everybody!

I’m Mr. Semicolon

The dance was a success the sophomores made $500.

The state of Washington was named for George Washington he was our first president.

;

;

Use a semicolon with conjunctive Adverbs.

My brother has a cat; therefore, I have cathair on me all the time.

Going to dances with your friends is a lotof fun; on the other hand, dances can beboring if your date doesn’t dance. NOT:Mary is in love with Clyde, however, not his brother

Use semicolon between items in a series if the items contain commas.

• Today I had an egg, sausage, and orange juice for breakfast; hamburger and fries for lunch; and a 6 oz, juicy steak and baked potato for supper.

• The Arkansas flag is red white and blue and it has three blue stars beneath the name Arkansas representing Spain France and the United States.

Let’s Practice

;,,

, , ,

Assignment for next block: Ex. 1-5, pates 259-265)

Use colons for list which follow anoun.

• These are my favorite classes: English, math, and science.

• Every day I watch the following shows: Days of Our Lives, All My Children, and As the World Turns.

Use colon for long, formal quotations

This is how Dickens shows his feelings about the injustices of the poor “…”:

Use colon for hour-minute, chapter/verse and salutation of business letter

Dear Mr. Smith

At 700 P.M. last night, I read

Genesis 329-39 to my children. I found

the verses strikingly familiar.

:

End chapter 20: Do Ex: 11,12,13 in class

Assignment: Do Review Exercises A/B/C pages 277-8

Study for Chapter 20 Test

Underlining/Italics

Titles

Books: The Red Badge of Courage

Plays: Romeo and Juliet

Magazines: Time magazine

Movies: Three Kings

Others...•Television series/not individual show

•Works of Art: Mona Lisa

•Long musical compositions/not individual songs:

•Names: ships/aircraft/spacecraft/trains

•Words/letters/figures referred to as such: The word sucks is unacceptable.

•Foreign words: Pere Noel is the French term for Santa Clause.

Quotation Marks

“

“ “

““

Use quotation marks to enclose a direct

quotation--exact words

Wait here said the officer until the woman with the flag waves you on.

Now, what are we supposed to do? the young boy asked. I guess I wasn’t listening.

Begin first word of quote with a capital letter

Shane said the earlier arrowheads were larger than the later ones.

When speaker interrupts a quoted sentence, the second

part of the quotation begins with small letter.

The clay said Kelly comes from an area near the bottom of the cliffs.

Look at this said Mr. Park. It is a piece of amber.

Period or a comma should always be placed inside the closing quotation marks.

John said That’s a beautiful jacket.

My grandmother gave it to me said Flora.

Question mark or exclamation point should be placed inside the closing quotation marks

when the quotation itself is a question/exclamation.

Who has an extra pencil I asked.

Why did you say Space aliens did it John asked Mary

Every time you switch speakers, you must indent for a new

paragraph.Santa said, “Rudolph, with your

nose so bright, won’t you guide my sleigh tonight?”

“Sure, Big Guy,” Rudolph said sarcastically, “now you need me . Did you care about me a month ago? NOT! Go fly your own sled, chump!” He trotted off into the white woods, leaving poor Santa alone to solve his problem.

As Rudolph’s red nose gleamed in the night, a tiny, red beam glimmered across the field; it bounced off the hood of Mrs. Claus’s brand new Polaris 500, which had many special features:a two-up seat, electric start, and reverse.

“Ah ha!” Santa laughed and ran to the sled, singing “Jingle Bells” as his jolly belly bouncing ahead of his long, white beard. He jumped on the gleaming Polaris, switched on the high-speed motor and ...

what to the wondrous eyes of Rudolph, who was sulking at the edge of the forest, did appear, but Santa and his Polaris, roaring across the sky, packed with all of his presents, including the popular Harry Potter novel Secret Chamber, and a bag of Christmas cheer.

Santa’s last words echoed through the night, “Merry Christmas to all and to Rudolph...”

Polaris Rules!Ho!Ho!

Ho!

With several sentences, put quotation marks only at

beginning and end of whole quote

Now, you’re galloping toward the first barrel. You know you’re going to turn and go around it, but the horse doesn’t know. So you squeeze with your right knee said Ron.

When you write dialogue, begin a new paragraph every time the speaker

changes.

Chad looked nervous and said You guys are not going to believe this.

Did you think it was a UFO? asked Jodie

I don’t know what it was, but it was strange.

Look, said Katie let’s call the police.

Quotation marks to enclose titles of short works : poems, articles, songs, episodes

of TV programs, chapters, etc.

Did she sing Love is the Thing at her concert?

Single quotation marks to enclose a quotation within a

quotation

• Jack said I spoke to the principal. She said Remember that everyone has the right of free speech.

• Have you read the poem Refugee in America asked Ralph.

APPOSTROPHES

• Ownership

• Relationship

• Contractions

Singular Noun: ‘s

The teachers desk is very messy.

*Mrs. Kahles desk is always very messy.

Plural Nouns: s’

• The students grades in my block 1 class are all excellent.

• Two players have red jerseys.

• The mens room is over there.

Possessive Personal Pronouns: ?

Where is my dog? Its over there, isn’t it? Where is its collar?

Contractions: Where letters, numbers, words are omitted.

Youll notice whos sitting next to whats his name.

Plurals of letters, numerals, words referred to as words

Dot your is and cross your ts or you wont get any 100s on your tests.