Pulmonary DiseaseANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 13-14

Fact or Myth?

ASTHMA & ANCIENT EGYPT

Cures For Asthma

3,400 B.C.

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Strammonium Flower

1 A.D.Smoking dried fox liver

1860

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Talking Cure

ASTHMA ATTACKS

Levalbuterol

Restrictive v. Obstructive Lung Disease

Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

• Noted by impediments to normal movement of air through the conducting passageways of the respiratory tract

• Examples:• Asthma: Increased contractability of smooth muscle surrounding conductive

passageways. Common chronic inflammatory disease• Bronchitis: Bacterial or environmental inflammation of mucous membranes of

bronchi and bronchioles• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Persistent and cumulative

breakdown of lung tissue. Condition couples the anatomical breakdown of lung tissue (emphysema) with physiological narrowing of asthma/bronchitis. Most commonly associated with smoking. 4th leading cause of death worldwide

• Emphysema : Anatomical breakdown of lung tissue• Epiglottitis: Bacterial infection of epiglottis, which can lead to a completely closed

trachea

Restrictive Pulmonary Disease

• Def: Diseases that prevent lung expansion, reduce lung volume or demand increased work to allow ventilation

• Examples:• Cystic Fibrosis: Genetic mutation that leads to excess mucus production in the lung and

scarring/fibroids in the pancreas• Mesothelioma: Tumor formation in the pleura, preventing inflation of the lung• Pneumonia: Viral or bacterial disease that fills alveoli with fluid, hindering oxygenation• Sarcoidosis: Autoimmune or environmentally-triggered disease leading to chronic

formation of inflammatory cells (granulomas) in the lungs, reducing lung volume• Tuberculosis: Bacterial disease leading to granuloma formation in lungs. Highly

communicable.

Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease