Public Review: CC-1000 - AARST-NRPPaarst-nrpp.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/CC-1000-09-16PubR… · 01/06/2008 · Public Review: CC-1000 - 09/2016 Soil Gas Control Systems in

Public Review: CC-1000 - 09/2016

Soil Gas Control Systems in New Construction of Buildings

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Rev. 06-01-2008

SoilGasControlSystemsinNewConstructionofBuildings

CC-1000SoilGasControlSystemsInNewConstructionofBuildings

i Introduction

ScopeSummaryandIntroductionThe provisions in this standard provide prescriptiveminimumrequirementsfortheconstructionofanybuildingintended for human occupancy, except for 1 and 2 familydwellings, in order to reduce occupant exposure to radonand other hazardous soil gases. This standard addressesconstruction of buildings that include, among others, theuse of a building or structure, or a portion thereof formultifamily or congregate residential occupancies,educationaloccupanciesandcommercialoccupancies.

SignificanceofPurposeandHistoricalPerspectiveRadon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in thegeneral population and the leading cause of lung canceramong nonsmokers.1 Radon exposure is the cause ofapproximately 21,000 U.S. lung cancer deaths each year.2Thisriskislargelypreventable.

Since 1988, the Indoor Radon Abatement Act hasauthorizedU.S.stateandfederalactivitiestoreducecitizenriskof lungcancercausedby indoorradonconcentrations.Since the early 1990s, the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA)hasadvisedallU.S. schools to test for radonandtoreducelevelstobelow4pCi/L3.

In1999, theNationalAcademyof Sciences confirmed thatany exposure to radon holds a degree of risk withpublicationofBEIRVI.2Inaddition,theAcademy’sBEIRVIIcommitteestatedthatexposuretoradiation, includinganyconcentrationofradon,carriesrisk.

In 2009, theWorld Health Organization’sWHO HandbookonIndoorRadonconfirmedtheassociationbetweenindoorradonexposureandlungcancer,evenattherelatively lowradonlevelsfoundinresidentialbuildings.1

Initiatedin2010,theU.S.FederalRadonActionPlan(FRAP),followed by the National Radon Action Plan (NRAP), hashighlighted an ultimate public health goal of eliminatingpreventableradon-inducedcancer.TheFRAPistheresultofa collaborative effort led by the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA) with the U.S. Departments ofHealth and Human Services (HHS), Agriculture (USDA),Defense (DOD), Energy (DOE), Housing and UrbanDevelopment (HUD), Interior (DOI), Veterans Affairs (VA)and the General Services Administration (GSA). And theNRAP, led by American Lung Association, represents acollaborative effort between several federal and nationalorganizations including American Association of RadonScientistsandTechnologists(AARST)andtheConferenceofRadonControlProgramDirectors(CRCPD).

1World Health Organization, “WHO Handbook on IndoorRadon:APublicHealthPerspective”2009

2NationalAcademyofSciences,“BiologicalEffectsofIonizingRadiation”(BEIRVIReport)1999

3USEPA,“RadonMeasurementInSchools”,July1993(EPA-402-R-92-014)

DevelopmentandMaintenanceofThisStandardThe consortium consensus processes developed for theAARST Consortium on National Radon Standards and asaccredited to meet essential requirements for AmericanNational Standards by the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI) havebeenapplied throughout theprocessofapprovingthisdocument.This standard is under continuous maintenance by theAARSTConsortiumonNationalRadonStandards forwhichthe Executive Stakeholder Committee has established adocumentedprogramforregularpublicationofaddendaorrevisions, including procedures for timely, documented,consensusactiononrequestsforchangetoanypartofthestandard.Thechangesubmittal formand instructionsmaybeobtainedinelectronicformatwww.radonstandards.us

ContactInformationAARSTConsortiumonNationalRadonStandards.Email:[email protected] EFax:913-780-2090Website:www.radonstandards.usP.O.Box2109,Fletcher,NorthCarolina28732

Disclaimer:TheAARSTConsortiumonNationalRadonStandardsstrivestoprovideaccurate,completeandusefulinformation.TheAARSTConsortiumon National Radon Standards will make every effort to correct errorsbrought to its attention. However, neither the AARST Consortium onNational Radon Standards, its sponsoring organization the AmericanAssociation of Radon Scientists and Technologists nor any personcontributing to the preparation of this document makes any warranty,express or implied,with respect to the usefulness or effectiveness of anyinformation,methodorprocessdisclosedinthismaterial.NordoesAARSTortheAARSTConsortiumonNationalRadonStandardsassumeanyliabilityfor the use of, or for damages arising from the use of any information,methodorprocessdisclosedinthisdocument.Itisthesoleresponsibilityofradonpractitionersusingthisstandardtostaycurrentwithchangestothestandard and to comply with local, state and federal codes and lawsrelatingtotheirpractice.

Notice of right to appeal: (See Bylaws for the AARSTConsortium on National Radon Standards available atwww.radonstandards.us.) Section 2.1 of OperatingProcedures for Appeals (Appendix B) states, “Persons orrepresentativeswhohavemateriallyaffected interestsandwho have been or will be adversely affected by anysubstantive or procedural action or inaction by AARSTConsortium on National Radon Standards committee(s),committee participant(s), or AARST have the right toappeal; (3.1) Appeals shall first be directed to thecommitteeresponsiblefortheactionorinaction.”

KeywordsRadon, Radon Gas, Radon Test, Radon Mitigation, RadonResistant New Construction, RRNC, New Construction,Schools,LargeBuildings,Multifamily

MetricConversionsConversions from English-Americanmeasurement units tothe International System of Units (SI) are rendered hereinwith literal conversion. The conversions are not alwaysprovidedininformationaltextortables.

SoilGasControlSystemsinNewConstructionofBuildings

CC-1000SoilGasControlSystemsInNewConstructionofBuildings

ii Introduction

TableofContents Page

1SCOPE 11.1 General 11.2 Significanceofuse 11.3 Applicability 11.4 Non-normativeprovisions 11.5 Limitations 1

2TERMSANDDEFINITIONS 23REQUIREMENTSUMMARY 3

3.1 General 33.2 Soilgasventsystemsrequired 33.3 Airpressurewithinthebuilding 33.4 Materialsandspecifications 3

4SOILGASCOLLECTIONPLENUMS 34.1 General 34.2 Plenumsizecalculations 34.3 Soilgasventsystemsperplenumsize 34.4 Collectiveexpansesandplenumsize 44.5 Joinedplenums 44.6 Joinedsoilgasventsystems 44.7 Limitingplenumandventsystemsize 44.8 Garages 4

5PLENUMCONSTRUCTION 45.1 Closethebottomoftheplenums 45.2 Closethesidesoftheplenums 55.3 Foundationdrainsystems 55.4 Footingsandjoinedplenums 65.5 Gaspermeablelayers 65.6 Ductsizes 85.7 Soilgasinletsandairflowcapacity 85.8 Transitionconnectiontoexhaustvent 95.9 Testports 10

5.10 Priortoconcreteorsoilgasretarders 10 5.10.1 Securetheducting 10 5.10.2 Inspecttheopenplenum 10

6CLOSETHETOPOFTHEPLENUM 106.1 General 106.2 Closureofconcretefloors. 106.3 Crawlspaceearthenfloors 116.4 SoilGasRetarderMaterials/Installation 126.5 Inspectionpriortoindoorfinishings 12

7PFEEVALUATION 127.1 General 127.2 Testportlocations 127.3 Testportdesign 137.4 ThePFEevaluation 13

Page

8SOILGASEXHAUSTVENTPIPE 148.1 General 148.2 Slope 148.3 Preventionfromairandwaterleakage 148.4 Pipesupport 148.5 Exhaustventpipeequivalentlength 148.6 Pipingmaterials 148.7 Joints 148.8 Piperoutingandthermalinsulation 158.9 ProvisionforASDfan(s) 15

8.10 Labelsrequiredforexhaustpiping 169EXHAUSTLOCATIONS 16

9.1 Outdoors 169.2 Elevationandverticalwalls. 169.3 Windows,doorsandotheropenings 169.4 Equipmentairintakes 169.5 Decking,patiosandexteriorcorridors 169.6 Inspectpiping 16

10COMPLETIONOFSYSTEMS 1710.1 Labelingormarkingrequired 1710.2 Systemswithnoactivefan 1710.3 ActivationforASD 17

11HVACEVALUATIONSREQUIRED 1711.1 General 1711.2 Controllednegativepressure 1811.3 Appropriatedesign 1811.4 Controls 1811.5 Labelmonitors,controlsandstartup 1811.6 Documentationofevaluations 1811.7 HVACuseforsupplementalmitigation 18

12DOCUMENTATION 1812.1 Operation&maintenanceplan-staff 1812.2 OM&Mmanual 2012.3 OM&Mrecommendtotestforradon 20

13CONSIDERATIONS:CHEMICALVAPORINTRUSION 21NON-NORMATIVEANNEXES

AnnexA Inspectionsforcompliance 22AnnexB Fansrequired 22AnnexC Testkits 22AnnexD Testpriortooccupancy 22EXHIBITS(inspectionforms) 24CC-1000ConsensusBodyMembers 26CC-1000CompanionGuidance

PublicReview9/2016CC-1000SoilGasControlSystems

inNewConstructionofBuildings1

SECTION1:SCOPE1.1.GeneralThe provisions in this standard provide prescriptiveminimumrequirementsfortheconstructionofanybuildingintended for human occupancy, except for 1 and 2 familydwellings45,inordertoreduceoccupantexposuretoradonandotherhazardoussoilgases.This standard and informational supplements6 addressconstruction of buildings that include, among others, theuse of a building or structure, or a portion thereof formultifamily or congregate residential occupancies,educationaloccupanciesandcommercialoccupancies.

1.2SignificanceofuseThisstandardofpracticestipulatesrequirementsfordesignandinstallationoftechnologiesto:a) ensure buildings are capable of mitigating soil gas

entry;b) provideameansforqualifiedpersonneltoinspectand

evaluatemitigationsystemsinstalled;and

c) provide responsible practices that can berecommendedoradoptedforuseasrequirementsofacontractorlocaljurisdiction.

1.3ApplicabilityRadon and other hazardous soil gas can be found in anylocationregardlessofexistingsurveys,mapsorlistedsites.Local state radon programs often publish updatedinformationonhowoftenradonhasbeenfoundlocallyandan older radon zone map published by EPA(www.epa.gov/radon) can be helpfulwhere local data arenotpublished.

1.4Non-normativeprovisionsProvisions not required unless specifically referenced inadopted ordinance, contract or design requirementsinclude:AnnexA(Complianceinspections);AnnexB(Activesoildepressurizationrequired);AnnexC(Provideradontestkits);andAnnexD(Conducttestingpriortooccupancy).

1.5Limitations1.5.1ActionlevelsandguaranteesCompliance with provisions in this standard does notguaranteereductionofsoilgasentrytothedegreeneededto achieve compliance with federal, state or localjurisdictionactionlevelsforradonorothersoilgashazards.

4 Aspointofreference,seetheInternationalBuildingCode(IBC)

(aspublishedby the InternationalCodeCouncil) foroccupancygroupsA,B,E.F,H,I,MandRunlessregulatedbytheregulatedthe International Residential Code (IRC) (as published by theInternationalCodeCouncil)for1&2FamilyDwellings.

5 For 1 & 2 Family Dwellings, see ANSI/AARST CCAH "ReducingRadon in New Construction of 1 & 2 Family Dwellings andTownhouses”

6Fordetailson technologyandbestpractices, see the CC-1000CompanionGuidanceDocument"

1.5.2Passivequalitiesforreducingsoilgasentry.1.5.2.1 Any intended benefits in reducing soil gas entrywithpassive systemsarenegated if a continuous sealedbarrier has not been established between soil gas andairspaceswithinabuilding.1.5.2.2 Building designs intended to optimize passivebenefitscanrequiremoresoilgasventsystemsthantheminimum requirements herein. In 1994, EPArecommended to rough-in ASD systems duringconstruction of schools and large buildings but did notrecommendusingpassivesystems.7

1.5.3Alternatemitigationmethods.Designsthatemployheating,coolingorventilationsystems(HVAC) to supplement mitigation shall comply withANSI/AARST RMS-MF Radon Mitigation Standards forMultifamily Buildings or ANSI/AARST RMS-LB RadonMitigation Standards for Schools and Large Buildings, asapplicable. Effectiveness requires sustained control ofcomplex pressure relationswithin a building at all times abuildingisoccupiedoverthelifeofthebuilding.

1.5.4Hazardoussoilgasesotherthanradon.Whilemethods and techniques employed in this standardare applicable for most soil gases, this standard does notincludealldesignandsafety features thatcanbe requiredfor soil gas or vapors other than radon. For additionalhealth and safety considerationswhen thepurposeof soilgas control is chemical vapor intrusion, see ANSI/AARSTSGM-SF“SoilGasMitigationinExistingHomes”.1.5.5Sourcesofhazardousgasotherthansoilgas.This standard does not address mitigation techniques forhazardsnotassociatedwithsoilgas,suchasmaybeneededfor airborne radon that results from radon in water,buildingmaterialsorotherlesscommonradonsources

1.5.6Changestostructure.Effectivenesswitnessed as a result of specifications in thisstandard cannot be guaranteed to be sustainable wheremodifications, alterations, structural changes or additionstoabuildingoccur.

1.5.7Priorsystems.This standard shall not apply to systems that have beeninstalledpriortotheeffectivedateofthisstandard.1.5.8Safety.This standard is not intended to address all of the safetyconcernsassociatedwith itsuse. It is the responsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealth practices. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to determine the applicability of regulatorylimitationspriortouse.

7"RadonPreventionintheDesignandConstructionofSchoolsandotherLargeBuildings"EPA/625/R-92/016



SECTION2:TERMSANDDEFINITONSTermsnotdefinedhereinhavetheirordinarymeaningasdefinedin“Webster’sCollegiateDictionary.”

ACTIVESOILDEPRESSURIZATION(ASD).Afan-drivensystemtocreateavacuumbeneathastructurethatisgreaterinstrengththanthevacuumappliedtothesoilbythebuildingabove.

BASE(ORBASECOURSE).ThelayerofgaspermeablematerialontopofthesubbaseanddirectlyundertheslabBRANCHES.Airductpipingthatroutesairfromonlyoneinletorinletnetwork.

COLLECTIONWELLS.Pitsthataredesignedasasoilgasinletortotransitionorjoinmultipletrunksorbranchesofaninlettrunknetwork.

CRAWLSPACE.Afoundationtypewithanopenareabeneathlivableorenclosedspacesthattypicallyhaseitheraconcreteslaborearthenfloorandissurroundedbyfoundationand/orpartitioncomponentsthattypicallyincludesflooringabovethesoil.

EQUIVALENTLENGTH.Theresistanceofaductandadditionalresistancecausedbyapipeelbow,valve,damper,orifice,bend,fitting,orotherobstructiontoflow,expressedinthenumberoffeetofstraightductorpipeofthesamediameterthatwouldhavethesameresistance.

EXHAUST.Apipeorotherpieceofapparatusthroughwhichsoilgasesescapeoraredischarged.

EXHAUSTPIPING.Sometimesreferredtoasariserpipe,mainstackorventpipe,theseairducttrunkorbranchpipestransferairbetweensoilgasinletsorinletnetworkswithintheSoilGasCollectionPlenumandtheoutsideairexhaustlocationabovetheroof.

GASPERMEABLELAYER.Voidspaceorpermeableaggregatethatallowshydraulicconductivityforsoilgasmovementintoandacrossasoilgascollectionplenum.HYDRAULICCONDUCTIVITY.Thecapacityofliquidsorgastopassthroughpermeablematerials.

INLETS.SeeSoilGasInlets.INLETPIPING.Airductpipingthatconnectsoneormoresoilgasinletstoexhaustpiping.

INLETTRUNKNETWORK.Airductpipeconfigurationthatconnectsoneormoresoilgasinletstoexhaustpiping.

MAINTRUNKS.Airductpipingthatroutestheentiresystemairvolumecapacityfromthesoilgascollectionplenum(s)tothesystemexhaustorterminationpoint.Aboveslabmaintrunksarecommonlyreferredtoasthe“mainstack”or“riserpipe”.

MITIGATIONSYSTEM.Anysystemdesignedtoreduceindoorconcentrationsofradonorothersoilgaspollutants.

PLENUM.SeeSoilGasCollectionPlenum

PRIMARYTRUNKS.MaintrunksthatdirectlyadjoinanASDfan.

QUALIFIEDMITIGATIONPROFESSIONAL.Anindividualthathasdemonstratedaminimumdegreeofappropriatetechnicalknowledgeandskillsspecifictoradonmitigation:a)asestablishedincertificationrequirementsoftheNationalRadonProficiencyProgram(NRPP)ortheNationalRadonSafetyBoard(NRSB);andb)asrequiredbystatute,statelicensureorcertificationprogram,whereapplicable.

RADON(Rn).Acolorless,odorless,naturallyoccurring,radioactive,inertgaseouselementformedbyradioactivedecayofradium-226(Ra-226)atoms.Theatomicnumberis86.Althoughotherisotopesofradonoccurinnature,inthisdocument,radonreferstothegasRn-222.Rn-222ismeasuredinpicocuriesperliter(pCi/L)orinbecquerelspercubicmeter(Bq/m3)

SECONDARYTRUNKS.Airductpipingthatroutesonlyaportionofthesystemairvolumecapacityfrommorethanoneinlet.

SOILGAS.Airwithinsoilthatcancontainradonorotherhazardousgassesorvapors.

SOILGASCOLLECTIONPLENUM.Athree-dimensionalenclosure,inwhatevershapeitmaybe,constructedforcollectingradonandothersoilgasesfromunderslabs,soilgasretardersandfrombehindwallsthatsurroundavoidorgas-permeablelayer.Thisdescriptionofthecavityunderafoundationobservesthatthereareatleastsixsidestothisenclosedairspaceandthatnoneareperfectlysealed,especiallyatthesidefacingsoil.

SOILGASCONTROL.Plannedcontrolofsoilgassestoreduceradonconcentrationsorotherpollutantsintheindoorairofabuilding.

SOILGASINLETS.AirtransferopeningstothefaceofadjoininggranularaggregateorsoilsometimesreferredtoassuctionpointsforASDsystems.

SOILGASRETARDER.Pliableplasticsheetingthatestablishesabarrierbetweensoilgasandenclosedspaceswithinabuilding.Commonlyreferredtoas“vaporbarrier.”

SOILGASVENTSYSTEM.Individualandcompleteconfigurationforcontrolledsoilgasventingthatincludesexhaustventpipingextendedfromgaspermeablematerialswithinasoilgascollectionplenum(s)tothesystemexhaustattheroof.

SUBBASE.Alayerofgravelontopofthesubgrade.

SUBGRADE.Nativesoil(orimprovedsoil),usuallycompacted.

SYSTEM.SeeSoilgasventsystem

TRUNKS.Airductpiping.SeeMainTrunksandSecondaryTrunks



SECTION3:REQUIREMENTSUMMARY3.1General.Soil gas control shall be designed and constructed for allportions of foundation systems where there is enclosedspace immediately above crawl spaces and slab-on-gradeorbasementslabs.3.2Soilgasventsystemsrequired.Soilgasventsystemsshallbeconstructedforeachgroundcontactportionofthebuildingexceptgaragesventilatedinaccordance with Section 4.8. Each soil gas vent systemshall include exhaust piping extended from inlets withinsoilgascollectionplenum(s) toanexhaust locationat theroof,inaccordancewithSections4through10.3.2.1 Each system shall be sized with no less capacityneeded to allow a fan-driven soil gas depressurizationsystem (ASD) to transport air volumes sufficient toestablishavacuumundereachslaborsoilgasretarder.3.3Airpressurewithinthebuilding.Building design shall include a review of air pressurerelationships expected to result from individual HVACsystems and building features that can naturally inducenegative air pressures (e.g., building height, elevatorshafts, and stairwells). Corrections shall be made, asneeded, to control the influences of building air pressureonsoilgasentryinaccordancewithSection11.3.4Materialsandspecifications.All materials specified for piping and gas permeableaggregates that are different frommaterials intended forthe building design shall be appropriate for similarstructures including acceptable tolerances for weightdistributionacrossaggregateandpipingbelowtheslab.Aqualifiedstructuralprofessionalshallbeconsultedifthereareuncertaintiesinmeetingthisrequirement.3.4.1 Changed Designs: When changes to themitigationdesignarerequiredduetotheneedsofstructuralsystemsor other building systems, the changed design featuresshallretainsystemcapacityrequiredinSection3.2.1.

SECTION4:SOILGASCOLLECTIONPLENUMS4.1General.Each soil gas collection plenum shall contain a gaspermeable layer meeting specifications stipulated inSection5.5andbe constructedwith surrounding surfacesinamannertosustainablyrestrictairflowbetweenthegaspermeablelayerandspacesoutsidetheenclosingsurfacesofthesoilgascollectionplenum.

Figure4.1Exampleconstructionofplenum

4.1.1Plenumbottom(e.g.,subbaseorsubgrade).Thebottomofeachplenumshallbeconstructedtoachievenatural closure by way of earthen materials orgeosyntheticmethodsinaccordancewithSection5.1.

4.1.2Plenumsides(e.g.,foundationwalls).OpeningsinthesurroundingsidesofeachplenumshallbeclosedinaccordancewithSection5.2.4.1.3Plenumtop(i.e.,thesurfacefacinginteriorspaces).The top of each plenum shall be closed as specified inSection6toresult inacontinuoussealedbarrierbetweensoil gasandairspaceswithin thebuilding.Concrete floorsthat form the plenum top shall be sealed in accordancewith Section6.2.Soil gas retardermembranes over earththat formtheplenum topwherebuildingdesigndoesnotinclude concrete floors shall be installed in accordancewithSection6.3.4.2Plenumsizecalculations.Thesizeofeachindividualplenumshall firstbecalculatedfrom the inside perimeter dimensions of the surroundingfoundationwalls.4.2.1Divisions.Utility piping, ductwork, thickened slab supports, gradebeamsor other obstruction that restricts airflow across agaspermeablelayershallbedeemedtheedgeboundaryofa plenum and thereby divide the gas permeable expanseintotwoormoreindividualplenums.4.2.2Foundationdrainsystems.Exterior foundationdrainsystemsthatconnecttosoilgascollection plenums under the building shall be calculatedforsizebasedontheareaofwallandfoundationsurfacesthat adjoin permeable materials constructed to enhancegroundwaterdrainage. 4.3Soilgasventsystemsperplenumsize.Anindependentsoilgasventsystemwithanexhaustpipeextended from the soil gas collection plenum to the roofshall be installed with exhaust pipe sizing no less thanspecified in Table 4.3 for each individual plenum andcombinedsetofjoinedsoilgascollectionplenums.

Table4.3*4.3.1 BasicConfigurationNominalInsidePipe

DiameterMaximumnominalsizeofSoilGasCollectionPlenum(s)perductsize

3inch[7.6cm] 2,500squarefeet(232m2)

4inch[10.2cm] 4,500squarefeet(418m2)6inch(15.2cm) 10,000squarefeet(929m2) Figure4.3



Table4.3Continued

4.3.2CreditAllowanceforInspectedPlenumsIfinspectionsareconductedinaccordancewithSections5.10.2and6.5verifycompliancewithSections5and6,themaximumsize ofSoilGas Collection Plenum(s) for these duct sizes shallbe:Nominalinsidepipe

diameterMaximumnominalsizeofSoilGasCollectionPlenum(s)perductsize

3inch(7.6cm) 3,500squarefeet(325m2)4inch(10.2cm) 6,200squarefeet(575m2)6inch(15.2cm) 14,000squarefeet(1,300m2)

4.3.3AdditionalCreditAllowanceforAirtightBarriersIf,inadditiontoSection4.3.3,adurableairbarrierisprovidedbetween soil gas and indoor air that is virtually airtight (e.g.,sprayappliedvaporbarriersorothergeomembranesintendedto form homogenous closure), themaximum size of Soil GasCollectionPlenum(s)fortheseductsizesshallbe:Nominalinsidepipe

diameterMaximumnominalsizeofSoilGasCollectionPlenum(s)perductsize

3inch(7.6cm) 4,000squarefeet(372m2)4inch(10.2cm) 7,100squarefeet(660m2)6inch(15.2cm) 16,000squarefeet(1,486m2)

4.3.4PenaltyforNon-Compliance(InadequatePlenumClosureorGasPermeableLayers)

Nominalinsidepipediameter

MaximumnominalsizeofSoilGasCollectionPlenum(s)perductsize

3inch(7.6cm) 1250squarefeet(116m2)4inch(10.2cm) 2250squarefeet(209m2)

6inch(15.2cm) 5,000squarefeet(465m2)Anypassivedesign 0squarefeet(0m2)

Regardlessofcause(e.g.,designconstraints,poorcoordinationor misdirected installation), these maximum sizes in Section4.3.4forSoilGasCollectionPlenum(s)andductsizesshallapplytoresultinadditionalsystemsifeither:a) acontinuoussealedbarrierbetweensoilgasandairspaces

withinthebuildingisnotconstructedorcorrectedtomeetsealingrequirementsinSection6;or

b) gaspermeablelayersandsoilgasInletsarenotconstructedtofullycomplywithSections5.5and5.7.

*Cross-sectionalequivalentforinsidepipediameterispermitted.

4.4Collectiveexpansesandindividualplenumsize.Nolessthan90%ofany4,500squarefoot(418m2)slabormembraneexpanse shallbeventedbysoil gas inlets thatarejoinedtoasoilgasventsystem.

4.5Joinedplenums.Multiple plenums joined from below or above a slab ormembrane to a single soil gas vent system shall bepermitted for plenums constructed with the same gaspermeablelayerspecifications.Tojoinmultipleplenums:

a) The configuration of each plenum shall complywithTable4.3regardingductpipesizinginrelationshiptotheindividualplenumsize;

b) The configuration of each plenum shall complywithSections 5.5 through 5.8.5 in relationship to theconnectionof soil gas inlets for eachgaspermeablelayer;and

c) Exhaust pipe sizing in relationship to the combinedsizeofallplenumsjoinedtoeachsoilgasventsystemshallcomplywithTable4.3.

4.6Joinedsoilgasventsystems.Multiplesoilgasventsystems shallbepermittedto joinalargerprimarytrunkexhaustpipeforconnectiontoasingleexhaust location. Primary trunk exhaust piping that joinsmultiple soil gas vent systems shall be not less than thecombinednominalcross-sectionalareaforinnerdiametersofalljoinedexhaustpipes.Exception: Smaller primary trunk exhaust piping ispermitted if supported by prorated calculations for thecross-sectionalequivalentofductpipesizeofeachexhaustpipethatisallocatedbydesigntothesizeofeachplenumor if supported by diagnostic evaluations in accordancewithSection7.4.

4.7Limitingplenumandventsystemsize.Design considerations shall include conditions that cansometimewarrant restricting the size of certain plenums,such as: to limit unintended transport or distribution oftoxicvaporsorexplosivegasortocompartmentalizeactivesoilgascontrolforspecificoccupiedlocations.

4.8Garagesnotrequired.Ventilatedgaragesattachedtoafoundationsystemdonotrequire soil gas vent systems if they meet or exceedrequirements of Section 404 in the InternationalMechanical Code8 for ventilation and pressurization ofenclosedspacesadjoining thegaragewith theadditionofventilation and/or pressurization for enclosed spacesdirectlyabovegarages.

SECTION5:PLENUMCONSTRUCTION

5.1Closethebottomofthesoilgascollectionplenum(s).

5.1.1Subgradesurfaceclosure.Existingorconstructedmaterialsthatsurroundthebottomand sides of gas permeable layers and permeablecomponentsof foundationdrain systemsshallbeearthenmaterialsthatcontainmorethan35%sand,rockfragmentfines,clayandsilttorestrictpermeability;orbecoveredatall locationsthatdonotmeetthisrequirementwithasoilgas retarder that isnotoverlappedor sealedat seamsoredges. 8TheInternationalMechanicalCode(IMC)aspublishedbytheInternationalCodeCouncil.



5.1.2Gradedrainage.Gradingbelowgas permeable layers shall be sufficient topreventcollectedwater fromobstructingportionsof inletpiping, suctionpitsor inlet trunknetworkswithin soil gascollectionplenums.

5.2Close thesidesof theplenum(s)before installinggaspermeablematerials.5.2.1Gapsandpenetrationsthroughwallsandfootings.Openingsbelowgrade inwallsandfootingsthatsurroundsoilgascollectionplenumsshallbeclosedwithappropriatecementious or damp proofing products to include allopenings around utility penetrations for plumbing orelectricalcomponentsandanyotheropeningsofsimilarorlargersize.5.2.2Waterproofing.All foundations walls and floors in contact with the soilshall be damp proofed or waterproofed. Waterproofingmethods shall be consistent with Section 1805 of theInternationalBuildingCode.95.2.3Gapsandseamsonexteriorwallsurfaces.All gaps and seams on the exterior surface of foundationwallassembliesshallbeclosed,sealedordampproofedtoincludewherewallsadjoin footingsandattachedgarages,exterior parking lots, sidewalks, porches, steps and otheradjoiningconstructedclosuresoversoil.5.2.4Hollowmasonryunitwalls.In amanner that forms a closed barrier between soil gaswithin the hollow masonry units and interior spaces, acourseofhollowblockmasonrywallsthat isnotverticallylower in elevation than the adjoining exterior grade shallbemade of solidmasonry units or shall be fully grouted.Closure is required for all openings in thewall below thisclosedcourseofmasonryunits,including:a) fully grouted or solid masonry units shall surround

openings inthewallsuchasfordoors,windowsandunder masonry ledges such as often provided forbrickveneer;and

b)alljointsbetweenblocksonbothinteriorandexteriorsurfacesshallbefullygrouted.

5.3Foundationdrainsystems.Requirements for soil gas vent systems shall apply toexterior foundation drain systems if an interior soil gascollection plenum is connected to an exterior foundationdrainsystem. 5.3.1 The portions of exterior foundation drain systemsthat are constructed below grade with materials toenhancepermeablepathsforwaterdrainage(e.g.,gravel,perforatedpipeordrainagemats) shallbeconstructed toinclude:

9TheInternationalBuildingCode(IBC)2015(aspublishedbytheInternationalCodeCouncil).

a) Closure to restrict airflow between outside air andthe drainage system's water receptors, inaccordancewithSection5.3.2;

b) Closure to restrict airflow between outside air andthe drainage system's disposal components inaccordancewithSection5.3.3;and

c) Inclusion in design for soil gas vent systems inaccordancewithSections4.2,4.3and5.3.4.

5.3.2Waterreceptors(groundorsurfacewater).Closure shall beprovided for grade-level drains andopenpipesabovegradesuchasrooforwindowwelldrainsthatdrain into the exterior foundation drain system. Closureshallbeaccomplishedbysurroundingpipingandpipeendswith aggregate or soil, capping open pipes, or one-wayflowvalveswithaccessprovidedforfuturemaintenanceorequivalentmaterialsormethods.

5.3.3Waterdisposal(overgroundorstormsewer).Closureforwaterdischargepipingthatopenstooutsideairorconnects toa stormsewershallbeprovidedbymeansof a one-way flow valve with access provided for futuremaintenanceorequivalentmethod.

5.3.4Exteriorfoundationwalldrainage.Portions of exterior foundationwall surfaces that directlyadjoin native or fill soil and are more than 3 feet (1 m)verticallyhigherinelevationthanadjoininginteriorsoilgascollection plenums are not required to be included incalculations for the size of joined plenums or constructedas soil gas collection plenums. These exterior foundationwallsurfacesshallhoweverbewaterproofedinaccordancewithSection5.2.2toincludeallseamsandopeningsinthewallinaccordancewithSection5.2.3.Whengaspermeablematerials or drainage products do adjoin these exteriorfoundation walls, closure of openings to outside air inaccordancewith Sections5.3.2 and5.3.4 is required. Seefigure5.3.

5.3.5Foundationsbelowthewatertable(e.g.,wetlands).Where it is known that foundation walls and floors willfrequently be below the water table for extendeddurations, an evaluation shall be made for the expectedverticalelevationofthewatertablebothduringfloodsandduring droughts.When thewater table is expected to beabove the basement floor throughout the year, plenumsbelowthefoundationarenotrequired.Ifthewatertableisexpected to recede below the foundation for extendeddurations, soil gas collection plenums with soil gas ventpiping shallbe constructedwithattention toduct routingdesign and soil gas inlets below the slab.Designsoptionsthatdonotpenetratetheslabcanincludeductingfromtheexteriorsideratherthanthroughtheslab.



Figure5.3Exampleoffoundationdrainsystemsthatinherentlyformsoilgascollectionplenumconfigurations

thatarerotatedsideways.

5.4Footingsandjoinedplenums.A means shall be designed and constructed to preventobstructionfrompouredconcreteandcollectedwaterforopenings or ducts that traverse structural supports (e.g.,footings, grade beams and thickened slab areas).Commonly, a pipe sleeve is placed and secured prior tocasting structural supports for this purpose. Whengeotextilematsareusedforducting,thematiscommonlymounted to a flat surface to extend ducting acrossstructuralsupportspriortocastingconcrete.

Figure5.4Exampleoftraversingstructuralsupports

5.4.1 When air transfer is constructed with an opening(e.g., under partition doorways) rather than ducted withpipe,thesizeoftheopeningsshallbenolessthanrequiredinSection5.7.1foropen inlets.Whentheopeningisfilledwithgravel,itshallbesizedtoaccommodatethecombinedarea for unobstructed openings between stones asrequiredinSection5.7.1.

5.5Gaspermeablelayers.5.5.1General.Agaspermeable layer shallbeprovidedunder the topofeachplenum(e.g.,concreteslaborvaporbarrier)asoftendescribedasthelocationforbasecourseaggregate.

Figure5.5.1Constructionexample

5.5.2Gaspermeablelayerconfigurations.Eachgaspermeablelayershallconsistofaggregateorvoidspace thatallowshydraulic conductivity forairmovementacross the gas permeable layer. To ensure sufficienthydraulic conductivity, the gas permeable layerconfigurationshallbeoneofthefollowing:a)A uniform layer not less than 4 inches (10 cm) in

depth of gravel or crushed stone that meets ASTMC33requirementsforsizenumbers5,56,57or6.

These aggregates contain a high percentage ofnominally 3/4-inch (19mm) stonewith less than 5%fines;or

b) A void space that allows unabated air movementacross the entire soil gas collection plenum such asunder plastic membranes placed over open soil incrawlspacesorengineeredvoidsunderconcrete;or

c) Sand, fine gravel and soils if permitted and withsystemsconfiguredinaccordancewithSection5.5.3.

5.5.3Sand,finegravelandsoils.Materials as specified in Table 5.5.3 shall be permittedwhenallofthefollowingdesignfeaturesareprovided:a) A uniform layer of the aggregate not less than 4

inches(10cm)indepthisprovidedorexists;b)Maintrunk,secondarytrunkorbranchducting,such

as within geotextile drainage matting or perforatedpipe are placed within the gas permeable layer atdistancesnogreaterthan20feet(6m)apart.Whenusingperforatedpiping,thepipingshallbeplacedinatrenchbackfilledwithcleanaggregatemeetingthecriteriaofSection5.5.2.asurroundingthepipeonatleast 2 sides. The cross-sectional area of theaggregateandpipesoilgascollectorshallbeatleast50squareinches(323sqcm);

c) Inlets into the ducting are to be no closer than 12inches (30 cm] and no further away than 10 feet (3m) from foundation walls or other surfaces thatrepresentthesidesofthesoilgascollectionplenum;and



d) The configuration or duct network shall provide nolessthan1.0in2/ft(6.5cm2/m)ofunobstructedinletopeningstoaggregateinacontinuousmanneracrossthe developed length of perforated pipe or face ofgeotextiledrainagematting.

5.5.4Othergravelorcrushedstoneoptions.5.5.4.1Auniformlayerofgravelorcrushedstonenotlessthan4inches(10cm)indepthwithsizenumbers1,2,3,4and367asclassifiedbyASTMC33shallbepermittedasan alternative to Section 5.4.2a if confirmed to beacceptablefor:a) structuralsupportrequirementsofthebuildingor

slab;andb) sustainableintegrityofadjoiningsoilgasretarders.

Theseaggregatescontainahighpercentageof3-inch(75mm) stone; 2-inch (50 mm) stone; 1.5-inch (37.5 mm)stone;or1-inch(25mm)stones,respectively.

5.5.4.2Gravel or crushed stone size #67 as classified byASTMC33shallbepermittedasanalternativetoSection5.4.2a when applied as a uniform layer not less than 8inches [20 cm] in depth and inlet size is doubled oraugmentedtoachievecompliancewithSection5.7.1.

This aggregate contains a high percentage of nominally3/8-inch(10mm)stonewithlessthan5%fines

5.5.5Depthofgaspermeableaggregates5.5.5.1Exceedingrequired4-inchdepth(encouraged).Uniform layers of gas permeable aggregates shall bepermitted to exceed 4 inches (10 cm) in depth, assometimesdesiredforenhancedpressurefieldextension(PFE)orneededtopreventpotentialdamagetoconcretethat is supported inconsistently as a result of subgradesoil adjoining fixed height surfaces (e.g., blocks or rigidpiping).

5.5.5.2Limitsonlessthan4-inchdepths.Portions of gas permeable layers that are less than 4inches (10 cm) in depth that can result from limitedmaneuverabilityofgradingmachineryarepermittedonlyto the extent that the hydraulic conductivity for airmovementacrossthenominalbreadthofgaspermeablelayerisnotreduced.

Table5.5.3AlternativeGasPermeableLayerRequirements

OptionsAllowedIfIncludingRequiredSystem

DesignFeatures RestrictedUse ExampleOfRequiredSystemDesignFeatures

SmallerStoneOption

This option shall be in accordance withsize numbers 467, 67, 7, and 8 asclassifiedbyASTMC33.These aggregates contain a highpercentage of nominally 3/8-inch (9.5mm)stone.

Example:3800sqft(383m2)

SandOption

This option shall be in accordance withsizenumber9asclassifiedbyASTMC33.These aggregates contain a highpercentage of nominally 0.2 inch (4.75mm)to0.1inch(2mm)granules.

Notpermittedforfinesands,siltandclaywithmorethan10%oftheaggregate<0.05inch(1

mm).

SoilOption

Thisoptionshallbenativesoilexistingatthe building location with uniformcharacteristicsforfragmentalaggregate.The native soil shall consist of too littlefineearth to fill interstices larger than1mmbetweenstones,cobbles,gravelandvery coarse sand particles aftercompactionoccurs.

Notpermittedwhencontainingmorethan35%ofsand,rockfragmentfines,clayandsilt.

Notpermittedwhencontainingmorethan10%highplasticityclayorsilt(e.g.,expansivesoil

withaliquidlimit≥50%)



5.6Ductsizesaboveandwithinthegaspermeablelayer.Table5.6Cross-sectionalAreaDimensions

PipeID(innerdiameter) Cross-sectionalArea2-inch(50mm) 3.1sq.in.(20cm2);3-inch(75mm) 7.1sq.in.(46cm2)4-inch(100mm) 12.6sq.in.(81cm2)6-inch(150mm) 28.3sq.in.(182cm2)

5.6.1Primaryandmaintrunksizing.Duct piping for exhaust vent pipes or within soil gascollectionplenumsthatroutetheentiresystemairvolumefromthesoilgascollectionplenum(s)tothesystemexhaustlocationshallnotbelessinsizethanrequiredinTable4.3.

5.6.2Secondarytrunksandbranches.Smallerductpipingthatroutesonlyaportionofthesystemair volume shall be sized in accordance with Table 4.3 asapplicable for each individual plenum and comply withSection5.7forinletcapacity.

5.6.3Allductsizing.Allducts,includingsecondarytrunkandbranchesthatrouteonlyaportionofthesystemairvolume,shallnotbelessinsize than thenominal cross-sectional insidediameterof3-inch(7.6cm)pipe.

Exceptions:Whenprovidedforcondensatecontrolorwhenit is known that a fan-driven air volume less than 40 cfm(1.1m3/min)isadequatetoestablishavacuumwithinasoilgascollectionplenum.Forthesesituations,branchpipingorsecondary trunks that arenot less than2-inch (50mm) IDare permitted in lengths to individually not exceed theequivalentlengthof25feet(7.6m).Suchpipesshallnotbeused for soil gas controlwithplenums that aremore than800squarefeet(74m2)insize.

5.6.4Sizechanges.Thesizeofexhaustventpipingbetweentheconnectiontoinletsor inletductingbelowthetopoftheplenumandthepoint of discharge or termination at the roof shall not bereduced in the direction of airflow toward the exhaustlocation.Exception: It shall be permitted to reduce pipe size in thedirectionofairflowtowardtheexhaustlocationwhenpipeslarger than the minimum size for the main trunk orsecondary trunks are employed along thepipe route for aparticular purpose, such as to: join larger sized inlets;minimize pressure loss; facilitate condensate control or toslowairflowvelocityinanefforttoreducenoise.5.6.5Transitions.Transition connections between different materials orshapes shall maintain cross-sectional dimensions of theconnectedmaintrunk,secondarytrunkorbranchducting.

5.6.6AirflowresistancewithinInlettrunknetworks.ThedesignandconstructionofInlettrunknetworksbelowaslab or membrane shall include consideration to avoidexcessiveairflow resistanceat the furthestdistancesawayfrom the location of the network transition to exhaustpiping.Examplesofconcern includepipingwithequivalentlengthsthatexceed:a) 75feet(23m)for3-inch(7.6cm)pipe;b)150feet(46m)for4-inch(10.2cm)pipe;andc) 440feet(134m)for6-inch(15.2cm)pipe.

5.7SoilgasInletsandairflowcapacity

5.7.1Individualinletminimumcapacity(gravel).ForgravelorcrushedstoneclassifiedbyASTMC33assizes#1 through #6, the combined total area for unobstructedopeningsbetweenstonesthatadjoinanopenvoidwithinasuction pit or perforations in perforated pipe shall be notless than twice the equivalent cross-sectional diameter ofthe duct pipe size applicable to the size of theplenum asspecifiedinSection4.3.SeeTable5.7.1.

5.7.2Inletsundersoilgasretardersincrawlspaces.The configuration shall be constructed to ensure the airtransferopeningsextendunderallportionsof thesoilgasretarder(s).Inaddition:a) Inletopeningsshallbenolessthan12inches(30cm)

awayfromthesidesoftheplenum;b)The combined total area of inlet openings for

perforations and open ends of pipe shall be not lessthantwice theequivalentcross-sectionaldiameteroftheductpipesizeapplicabletothesizeoftheplenumasspecifiedinTable4.3.

c) Ataminimum,perforatedpipeorequivalentmaterialnot less than 10 feet (3m) in length and 3 inch (7.6cm) nominal diameter shall be provided for eachconnectiontotrunkorbranchpiping.

5.7.3Wholesystemminimuminletcapacity.The combined total area of all unobstructed inlet airtransferopeningson the faceof aggregateor soil shall benot less than twice the equivalent cross-sectional pipediameterrequiredinSection4.3,“Soilgasventsystemsperplenumsize.”

Exceptions: Inlets adjoining layers of sand, fine gravel andsoils shall be in accordancewith Section5.5.3. Void spaceconstructedwithoutobstructionunderconcreteshallhaveinletopeningsnot lessthantheequivalentsizerequired inTable4.3.



Table5.7.1ExamplesOfMinimumInletAirTransferCapacity

Minimumsurface-faceforgravelsizenumbers5,56,57or6toachieverequiredairtransferopeningsbetween

stones.

CommonExamples:

Ductpipesize

Minimumsurfacefaceofthegravel

Openfaceofgravelforpitswitha4"(10cm)layergravel.

Equivalentopeningsperlengthofperforatedpipe

MinimumforASTMF705,F758,D2729,AASHTO252:

1.0in2/ft(6.5cm2/m)Otherproductexamples

3"(7.6cm)

214sqin(1,383cm2)

=4"x12"diameterpit(10cmx30cm) 3"x18ft(5.4m)

4"(10.2cm)

381sqin(2,458cm2)

=4"x16"diameterpit(10cmx33cm) 4"x32ft(10m) 4"x7ft(2.3m)

2.0in2/ft(19.5cm2/m)

6"(15.2cm)

857sqin(5,531cm2)

=4"x24"diameterpit(10cmx61cm) 6"x71ft(22m) 6"x40ft(12m)

2.0in2/ft(19.5cm2/m)

5.7.4Inletobstructions(perforatedpipe).5.7.4.1Perforatedpipeshallbeorientedoraugmentedtoprovideunobstructedinletopeningstosoilgaswhilealsoprovidingwaterdrainagefromthebottomportionofthepiping. The calculation for openings to soil gas inperforated pipe as specified in Section 5.7.1 shall notinclude openings that are effectively closed by virtue ofadjoining surfaces of soil gas retarders, concrete orpackedsoil. Drainageof theseairductsshall includenolessthanone1/2-inch(1.3cm)diameteropeninglocatednearthebottomofpipingforevery10feetofdevelopedductpipelength.5.7.4.2 Pipe perforations shall not be large enough toallow gravel to enter and obstruct the duct. Whereperforatedpipeisplacedinalayerofsandorsmallstone,materials or methods shall be employed to not allowsand or small stone to enter perforations and therebyobstructtheduct.

5.7.5Geotextilematsandwovenfabricproducts.5.7.5.1Thevoidspacewithinthematrepresentsairductpiping and shall comply with Section 5.6 includingretention of cross-sectional dimensions formain trunk,secondary trunk or branch ducting and transitions. Soilgas inlet surfaces or openings shall complywith Section5.7.5.7.5.2 Woven geotextile products such as thoseintendedtoretain integrityforthesizeof inletopenings

andductingshallnotbeusedasastandalone inlet,ductorgaspermeablelayer.

5.8Transitionconnectiontoexhaustventpiping.5.8.1General.Rigid, non-perforated piping in accordance withspecificationsstipulated inSection9 (Soilgasexhaustventpipe)shallbeconfiguredtotransitionfromsoilgasinletsorinlet trunknetworkswithin soilgas collectionplenum(s) toabovetheconcreteslaborsoilgasretardermembranethatrepresentsthetopoftheplenum.5.8.2Transitionairvolumeandpressureloss.The portion of non-perforated piping or materialsconfiguredtoconnectbetweensoilgasinletsor inlettrunknetworks to above the concrete slab or soil gas retardermembraneshallbe:a) sized no less than the exhaust vent pipe (e.g., main

trunk, secondary trunk or branch pipe) above theconcrete slab or soil gas retarder membrane andretain flow capacity in accordance with Section 5.6;and

b) included in calculations for maximum pipe length asstipulated in Section 8.5, “Exhaust vent pipe lengthandpressureloss.”

5.8.3FutureConnectiontoExhaustPipingExhaustventpipingthattransitionsfromthegaspermeablelayertoaboveaslabormembraneshallextendnolessthan2 feet (60 cm) above the slab or membrane and shall be

ExampleGeotextileMatConfiguration



temporarily capped or closed during construction topreventdebris fromentering.Theportionofpipe thatwillreside above the slab or membrane shall be marked orlabeled with the words “radon vent,” “soil gas vent” orsimilarwording.

5.8.4Sumpinletsnotpermitted.Inletopeningsintheformofductorexhaustpipingarenotpermittedonsumplids.

5.8.5Collectionwellsorpits.Pitsthataredesignedtotransitionorjoinmultipletrunksorbranches shall be permitted as a means to minimizepressurelosswheremultipleductsarejoined.

5.9Testports.Test ports required in Section7 shall be installed prior toclosureofmembranesover soil and casting of slabswhendrilling through a cured slabwill present hazards or couldcompromiseotherbuildingsystemssuchas:a) post-tensionslabswithsteeltendons;b) radiant heat systems with heat conveyance

componentslocatedwithinorunderaslab);andc) spray-applied vapor barriers and geomembranes

intendedtoformahomogenousclosureforchemicalcontainment.

5.10Priortoplacementofconcreteorsoilgasretarders.5.10.1Securetheducting.All subslab or submembrane fittings shall bemechanicallyfastened, taped or secured in a manner to help avoiddislocation that canoccur during installationof aggregate,soilgasretardersandconcrete.5.10.2Inspecttheopenplenum.

Notice:Thisprovisionisnotmandatoryunless:a) requiredforexercisingdesignoptionsforlargersoil

gas collection plenums in accordancewith Sections4.3.2and4.3.3;or

b) specificallyreferencedincontractorlocalordinance.SeeAnnexA.

An inspection shall be conducted prior to placement ofconcreteorsoilgasretardersoveragaspermeablelayertoverify that all inlets and ducting are secured and thatgas

permeable layer materials and closed surroundings arecompliant with this standard. The inspection shall includeitems listed inExhibit1.Arecordofthe inspection(s)shallberetainedinaccordancewithSection12.

SECTION6:CLOSETHETOPOFTHEPLENUM

6.1General.A continuous sealed barrier is required between the gaspermeable layer and the interior of the building to breaktheairtransferconnectionbetweensoilandindoorair.Thecapacity for the closure of concrete floors and soil gasretarders to degrade over time shall be considered whenchoosingmaterialsandmethods for sealing the topof thesoilgascollectionplenum(s).Considerationsshallinclude:

a) buildingsettlementormovement;b) shrinkingorcrackingofbuildingmaterials;andc) potentialneedstoaccessmechanicalsystemsunder

floors.

6.2Closureofconcretefloors.Soil gas retarder material shall completely cover the areaunder the concrete floor and be placed between the gaspermeable layer and the concrete slab. The soil gas retardermaterials and installation shall be no less than specified inSection6.4.Exception: Alternatives to the soil gas retarder arepermitted only where ASD fans are installed concurrentlywith the soil gas vent system and a continuous sealedbarrier between soil gas and indoor air is constructed toachieve sustainable closure including requirements ofSection6.2.3.6.2.1Abovethesoilgasretarder.The concrete floors shall be cast directly upon a soil gasretarderwiththefollowingexceptions:a)Where sheet foam board insulation or woven

geotextile matting is installed under the concretefloor, it is permitted that the soil gas retarder beinstalled below the foam board insulation or wovenmatting;and

b)Athinlayeroffabricorfillmaterialforwaterdrainageor protection of the soil gas retarder is permittedbetween thesoil gas retarder and the concrete floorwhenthelayerisnogreaterindepththanisrequiredfor such purposes. Appropriate considerationsinclude: the potential for groundwater above a soil

Figure5.8.5aExampleWell/Pit:OpentoSoilGas

Figure6.1

Figure5.8.5bExampleWell/Pit:Enclosed



gas retarder to pool and leach into the concrete tocausemoistureconcernsonthetopsidesoftheslab,andaggregatefillsabovethesoilgasretarderthatcanintroduce a radon sourcenotpreviously present andnotaddressedherein.

6.2.2Constructionjointsininteriorconcretefloors.Permanentclosureshallbeprovidedforallconcrete jointsaround theperimeterof each slab andat all expansionorcontractionjointsbymeansof:a) gasketmaterialsmadeofclosedcellpolyethylenethat

aremanufacturedforfillingjointsandhaveatear-offedgestrip.Theseproductscanretainclosureofjointsafterconcreteshrinkagefromcuring;or

b) caulkappliedaftertheconcretecureswithcaulkthatcomplies with ASTM C920 class 25 or higher orequivalent. The curing period before caulk is appliedshall be 28 days unless a qualified concrete orstructuralprofessionalhas verified concretemixturesallowashortercuringperiod;or

c) caulkappliedpriorthecompletecuringofconcrete ifa structural professional verifies that concreteshrinkage is expected to result after curing in jointsthat are less than 1/8th of an inch (4mm) inwidth.The verification shall consider the concrete mixtureandtheslabsize(s).

6.2.3Moldedorsaw-cutcontroljointsinconcretefloors.In any situation where a soil gas retarder is not placedbetween theslaband thegaspermeable layer,allmoldedor saw-cut control joints shall be sealed with caulkcomplying with ASTM C920 class 25 or higher or anequivalentmethod.

6.2.4Openingsandpenetrations.Openings and penetrations in the top of all soil gascollection plenums shall be sealed against air leakage toinclude openings around plumbing, exhaust vent pipes,mechanical piping, structural supports and gaps to theinsideofhollowstructuralpostsandelectricalconduitsthatareopentosoil.Sealingofthepenetrationoropeningshallbeachievedwithcaulk that complieswithASTMC920 class 25 or higher orequivalent, closed cell gasket materials or equivalentmethod.Whencaulkisusedtosealacrack,jointoropeninggreaterthan1/2inch(13mm)inwidth,foambackerrodorother comparable fillermaterial shall be inserted into thejointtosupportthecaulkasitcures.

6.2.5Block-outsandpits.Prior to completion of room finishings, openings in theconcreteslabthatareconstructedtofacilitateplumbingorother utility needs shall be closed with non-shrink grout,sealedcoversorotherappropriatemethod.

6.2.6Sumppits.Sumpsorotherpitopenings in interior floorsthatconnectto soilairand requireaccess formaintenanceshallhavearigidlidthatissealedwithgasketmaterialorsiliconecaulkand mechanically fastened in a manner to facilitateremoval.Thelidshallbemadeofsturdyanddurableplasticsuch as polycarbonate plastic or other rot-resistant, rigidmaterial sufficient tosupportanticipated loads in theareaofuse.Pipeandwiringpenetrationsthroughthelidshallbesealed. Gaps between the intersection of the sump basinand the floor or membrane shall be sealed with a caulkcomplyingwithASTMC920class25orhigher,orequivalentmethod.6.2.6.1Pitsthatreceivewaterfromaboveconcreteorsoilgas retarders shall beprovidedameans to retainwatercontrol capabilitiesof the sumpsuchasan independentfloordrainwithaone-wayflowvalveorothermechanicalmeans.

6.2.7Floordrains.Floordrainsandcondensatedrainsshallnotallowsoilgasentry. Access openings in the floor provided for drainmaintenanceshallnotallowsoilgasentry.

6.2.8Airducts.Airductslocatedbelowconcreteslabsorsoilgasretardersshall be sealed to prevent radon entry and constructed inaccordancewiththeInternationalMechanicalCode(IMC)10.

6.2.9Labelsealedcomponents.A label ormarking shall be provided for sump lids, block-outs,accessopeningsandotherclosedsurfacesthatcouldrequire access in the future to indicate these arecomponents of a mitigation system. The label title shallstate“ComponentofaRadonReductionSystem”orsimilarwording and include additional text such as “Return to aclosedconditionifopened,accessedordamaged.”The labels ormarkings shall be placed on the componentand/orlocatedinaconspicuousplaceorplaces(suchasataccesspanels).

6.3Crawlspaceearthenfloors

6.3.1General.Asoilgasretarder shallbe installedtocover thetopofallexposed earth not covered by concrete in a manner thatconforms to all contours of the gradingwithmaterials andinstallationnolessthanspecifiedinSection6.4.6.3.2Sealtheperimeterofthesoilgasretarder.The soil gas retarder membrane shall turn up ontofoundationwallsnotlessthan6inches(15cm)andshallbecontinuouslysealedtothewallalongthefullperimeter.a) Forflatwallsurfaces,themembraneshallbesealedto

the foundation walls and supports with a caulk

10 TheInternationalMechanicalCode(IMC)aspublishedbytheInternationalCodeCouncil.



complying with ASTM C920 class 25 or higher orequivalentmethod.

b) For irregular surfaces, alternative materials andmethods arepermitted so long asdurable closureofthesoilgascollectionplenumisachieved.

6.3.3Penetrations(soilgasretarders).The opening for penetrations of a soil gas retarderdescribedinSection6.2.2shallbeassmallaspracticalandsealed in a permanent, airtight manner. Appropriate sealmaterialsshallbeappliedforexhaustventpipingandotherutility pipes such as gasket fittings, pipe clamps or anappropriatesealant.Otheropeningsinthesoilgasretardersuch as for sumps, drains and air ducts located within acrawl space shall be sealed in accordance with Sections6.2.3through6.2.8.

6.3.4Surfacewaterrelief(crawlspacesoilgasretarders).Designs shall include a plan to address surfacewater thatcanaccumulateonthetopofthemembraneduetogroundwaterentry fromabove themembraneorplumbing leaks.Theplanshallincludeaccesstothecrawlspaceforremedialactionorsystemssuchassumpsortrappeddrainsthatareadequateforcontrolofcollectedsurfacewater.

6.3.5Labelcrawlspacesorsoilgasretarders.Alabelormarkingshallbelocatedinaconspicuousplaceorplaces (such as on the soil gas retarder and at accesspanels)toidentifythatthemembraneisacomponentofamitigation system. The label title shall state “RadonReduction System” or similar wording and includeadditional text such as “Return the soil gas retardermembranetoaclosedconditionifaccessedordamaged.”

6.4Materialsandinstallationforallsoilgasretarders.6.4.1UnderConcreteSlabs.Polyethylenesheetingofnotlessthan6mils(0.152mm)inthicknessor equivalent (e.g., cross-laminatedpolyethylenesheeting of not less than 3mils [0.076 mm] in thickness)shall be installed in accordance with Section 6.3.2.Alternative products include spray-applied vapor barriersand geomembranes intended to form a homogenousclosureforchemicalcontainment.

6.4.2Overcrawlspaceearthenfloors.The soil gas retarder membrane shall meet ASTM E1745ClassA,BorCandbeinstalledinaccordancewithSections6.3,6.4.3and6.4.4.Forcrawlspacesorportionsofacrawlspace that are expected to be regularly accessed formaintenance, storage or other purposes, thickermaterialsorprotectionofthemembranecanbeappropriateandthesoilgasretardershallbefastenedtothewalls inadurablemanner.

6.4.3Seams.Theseamsbetweenadjacentmembranesheetsshallbeoverlappednotlessthan12inches(30cm)andshallbesealedbyoneofthefollowingmethods:

a) Ataperecommendedbythemembranemanufacturer;or

b) CaulkcomplianttoASTMC920class25orgreater;orc) Anequivalentmethod.

6.4.4Repairs.Tearsorpuncturesinthemembraneshallbesealedbyoneormoreofthefollowingmethods:a) A tape recommended by the membrane

manufacturer;orb) An additional sheet of the membrane material that

coversandoverlapsthetearorpuncturenotlessthannominally 12 inches (30 cm) on all sides and that issealedwith a caulk complyingwith ASTMC920 class25orgreater;or

c) Anequivalentmethod.

6.5Inspectplenumclosurepriortoindoorfinishings.Notice:Thisprovisionisnotmandatoryunless:a) requiredforexercisingdesignoptionsforlargersoil

gas collection plenums in accordancewith Sections4.3.2and4.3.3;or

b) specificallyreferencedincontractorlocalordinance.SeeAnnexA.

Priortocompletionofindoorfinishings,aninspectionshallbe conducted to verify compliancewith this standard andensure a continuous sealed barrier has been constructedbetween soil gas and airspaces within the building. TheinspectionshallincludeitemslistedinExhibit2.Arecordofthe inspection(s) shall be retained in accordance withSection12. SECTION7:PRESSUREFIELDEXTENSIONEVALUATION

7.1General.After slabs have been cast or soil gas retarders in crawlspaces have been installed, an evaluation of newlyconstructedsoilgascollectionplenumsshallbeconductedto verify that no changes are needed for the design ofexhaust vent pipe assemblies that will soon beconstructed.Theevaluationshallincludeconnectingafanto the primary trunk of the exhaust vent pipe andmeasuringtheresultingvacuumwithinthegaspermeablelayer(s)atstrategiclocations.7.2Testportlocations.Strategiclocationsoftestportsshallincludeallofthefollowinglocations:a) Test port locations remotely distant from the

exhaustventpipetransitiontobelowtheslaborsoilgasretarderthataresufficientinnumberto:i) evaluateeffectivenessofsoilgastransportacross

themajorexpanseoftheslabormembrane;andii) evaluateconsistencyofsoilgastransportacross

soilgascollectionplenumsthatarejoinedtoasharedexhaustventpipe.



b) Not lessthanonetestport foreachouterquadrantarea of the building while also achieving one testport foreachsoilgasventsystemandeachsoilgascollection plenum joined to a single soil gas ventsystem;and

c) For larger expanses allowed in Section 4.3.3 and4.3.4, not less than one test port for each outerquadrantareaofsoilgascollectionplenumsthatare8,000 sq. ft. (744m2) or largerwhile also achievingone test port for each additional 8,000 sq. ft. (744m2)area;

Exception: Where there are no openings or utilitypenetrations through the slab or soil gas retarder, testportsarenotrequiredforplenumareasthatarelessthan64 square feet (6m2), or collectively represent less than10%ofany4,500squarefoot(418m2)area.

7.2.1Preinstalledtestportlocations.Where test ports are installed prior to casting slabs asrequired in Section5.9, additional test port locations shallinclude:

a) ground contact rooms designed to be undersignificant negative pressure (e.g., certain industrialusekitchens,clean-roomsorsimilar);and

b) additional locations, as required, for measuringconcentrationsofhazardoussoilgasorvapors.

7.3Testportdesign.Test ports required for evaluating PFE and/or soil gasconcentrations aremost commonly createdby drilling 1/4to1-inch(6mmto2.5cm)diameterholesthroughtheslabwith care to vacuum debris from each hole to achieveunobstructedairtransferofsoilgas.Thetestportsshallbe:a) closed at the top during and after construction but

reasonably accessible for future measurementswithout destructive or significant disassembly ofbuildingcomponentsorfinishes;

b) installedinasafemannersoasnottopresenthazardstofutureoccupants;and

c) prominentlydocumentedinas-builtdiagrams.

7.3.1Preinstalledtestportdesign.Eachportopeningabove the slab shallbe inanaccessiblelocationinaccordancewithSection5.9andeither:a) replicateaverticallydrilled1/4to1-inch(6mmto2.5

cm)diameterholethroughtheslab;orb) connectwithtubingthatis1/4to1-inch(6mmto2.5

cm) inner diameter to a remotely located portopeningwithinthegaspermeablelayer(s).

7.3.1.1 Open ends of the port tubing within the gaspermeable layer(s) shall be inserted into a constructedvoid space in a manner that achieves an unobstructedinletforairtransferthatwillnotbecompromisedduring

construction. For example, 1/2-inch (1.3 cm) ID tubingshouldbeinsertedintoaconstructedvoidspacenotlessthan1pint(0.5L)insizeorintoperforatedpipenotlessthan 1 foot (30 cm) in length for equivalent air transfercapacity.7.3.1.2Port tubing shall extend fromtheport inlet(s) toabove a slab or membrane in accordance with Section5.8.3 and result in being unobstructed with durablequalities associated with tubing in conduit. The tubingshall be resistant to rust degradation and if chemicalcontaminates are known to be in the soil, anenvironmental engineer shall be consulted for choosingproductsthatareresistanttochemicaldegradation.

7.4ThePFEevaluation.The pressure measurements shall be recorded andcomparedforevidenceof:

a) Pooreffectiveness(i.e.,unexpectedlylowvacuumatalltestportsassociatedwiththesameexhaustventpipe);and

b) Inconsistencies (i.e., unexpected differencesbetween vacuum at one test port compared toanother test port that is associated with the sameexhaustventpipe.)

If poor effectiveness or inconsistency is indicated, aqualified professional shall conduct an investigation toidentify unclosed openings in the soil gas collectionplenums(s) and any changes that may be needed fornumber and locations of soil gas inlets andexhaust ventpipes.



SECTION8:SOILGASEXHAUSTVENTPIPE

8.1General.Exhaustventpipes(i.e.,ventpipe,riserpipe,primarytrunkormaintrunk)shallbesizedandconfiguredtocomplywithSections4.2,4.3,5.5and5.8.8.2Slope.Exhaustventpiping shallhaveaslopeofnot less than1/8inch per foot (3.2 mm per 30 cm) that slopes downwardtowards the soil. The developed length for any slopedsectionofhorizontalpipe inexcessofnominally15feet (5m) shall be avoided to the extent practicable. When therequired slope or drainage cannot be achieved, othermethodsfordrainingcollectedwatershallbeprovided.

8.3Preventionfromairandwaterleakage.All exhaust vent piping, except the intake and exhaustlocations,shallresultinanairandwatertightductsystem.8.3.1ExhaustventpipingthatextendsbetweenthelocationdesignatedforanASDfanandthepointofexhaustoutsidethebuildingshallnotbeinstalledin,orpassthroughorpassundertheconditionedspaceofthebuilding.

8.4Pipesupport.Abovegroundpipingshallbesupportedbythestructureofthebuildingusinghangersorstrappingdesignedforpipingsupport. Supports for plastic horizontal piping shall beinstalled at intervals not exceeding 4 feet (1.2 m) andsupportsforverticalpipingshallbeinstalledatintervalsnotexceeding10feet(3m).Supportlocationsandpiperoutingshall include consideration to inhibit both lateral andvertical movement of duct piping that can result incompromisedpipejointconnectionsandavoidoflocationssusceptibletobluntforceimpact.Ductpipingandfansshallbe mounted and secured in a manner that minimizestransfer of vibration to the structural framing and finishesofthebuilding.

8.5Exhaustventpipeequivalentlengthandpressureloss.From its connection at the soil (i.e., gas permeable layermaterials)tothepointofexhaustattheroof,exhaustventpiping shall be nominally no more than these equivalentlengths:a) 75feet(23m)for3-inch(7.6cm)exhaustpiping;b)150feet(46m)for4-inch(10.2cm)exhaustpiping;c) 440feet(134m)for6-inch(15.2cm)exhaustpiping.

The calculated equivalent length for duct pipe materialsthatdonothavesmooth innersurfacesshallbenominallyreducedwithagoalofnolessthan1WCinchpressureloss,orreducedby25%.

8.6Pipingmaterials.The exhaust vent piping that extends from the soil gascollectionplenumtothepointofexhaustshallberigid,non-perforatedpipethat issuitablefordrainageofcondensatewater, which occurs naturally and consistently withinpiping.

8.6.1PVCpiping.PVC pipe shall comply with ASTM D2665, F891 or F1488.ThepipewallthicknessshallbeSchedule40.8.6.2Alternativematerials.Alternative materials specified in codes for “Subslab SoilExhaust Systems”11 shall be permitted such as ABS plasticpipeand iron, steel, copperorothermaterialspermissibleby code. Alternative pipe materials that do not meetdurability specifications in ASTM D1785 for Schedule 40shall be permitted as an alternativematerial for use onlywhen within enclosed wall cavities. Support for aboveground alternative duct pipe materials shall be inaccordancewithcode12andmanufacturerspecifications.8.7Joints.Plasticpipejointsshallbesolventwelded.

8.7.1PVCplasticpipejoints.The joint surfaces for PVC plastic pipe and fittings to besolventweldedshallbepreparedwithaprimerconformingto ASTM F656. PVC plastic pipe joints shall be solventwelded in accordance with the pipe manufacturer’sinstructions with solvent cement conforming to ASTM D2564.

8.7.2Alternativepipematerials.Alternative pipematerials identified in Section 8.6.2 (e.g.,ABS plastic, iron, steel and copper) shall be joined inaccordance with the pipemanufacturer’s instructions andasrequiredbycode.

8.7.3Flexiblecouplingdisconnects.Where disassembly may be required in the future formaintenancepurposes, thedisconnect shall consistof twounconnectedportionsofpipejoinedwithaflexiblecouplingthat complies with ASTM D5926, ASTM C1173 or anequivalent method. Allowable uses for a flexible couplingdisconnectshallinclude:a) where joining duct piping materials that are

incompatibleforsolventwelding;b) at locations where physical constraints inhibit the

ability to join duct pipe materials by means of asolventweld;

c) at locations allowed by code to provide temporaryaccess to areas requiringmaintenance or inspection,such as access tomechanical equipment by removalandairtightreplacementofductpipesections;and

d) to minimize noise by breaking the direct transfer offanvibrationenergytootherductpiping.

11As a point of reference for alternative piping, see theInternational Mechanical Code (IMC) Section 512.2 (aspublishedbytheInternationalCodeCouncil).

12Asapointofreferenceforalternativepipingsupport,seetheInternationalMechanicalCode(IMC)Section303(aspublishedbytheInternationalCodeCouncil).



8.8Piperoutingandthermalinsulation.

8.8.1Routingductpipewithinthebuilding.WhenASD fansarenot installedconcurrentlywiththesoilgasventsystem,exhaustvents:a) shall not adjoin exterior building walls or traverse

other locations, except attics, where the piping isexposed to temperatures that can be colder thanindoorair,and

b) shall be providedwith insulation that has anR-valueof no less than 4 or greater where exhaust pipingextendsthroughatticsorotherareasthatareoutsidetheheatedandcooledenvelopeofthebuilding.

8.8.2Insulationrequired.Asrequiredbycodesorclimateconditions,ductpipingshallbeprovidedwithinsulation.8.8.2.1Whereitislikelyonaregularbasis(e.g.,annuallyoreveryfewyears)thatfreezingtemperatureswillresultwith icebuildupwithinductpiping thatwouldadverselyaffectlong-termsystemperformance,ductpipingshallbeprovided with insulation that is protected from theelementsandhasanR-valueofnolessthan4orgreaterdependinguponclimateextremes.8.8.2.2Where it is likely thatcondensationwilloccurontheexteriorsurfaceofductpipingtotheextentdamagewould occur to adjacent building materials, duct pipingshallbeprovidedwithinsulationhavinganexternalvaporbarrierandanR-valuenotlessthan1.8.

8.9ProvisionforASDfan(s).8.9.1Fanlocation.AlocationforeachASDfanshallbeidentified.ThelocationdesignatedforASDfansshallbeonlyoutdoors, inatticsorin garages that meet ventilation requirements of Section4.3.5. The location for ASD fans shall only be on verticalexhaust vent piping. Exhaust vent piping from thedesignatedASD fan location(s) to the terminationpointofexhaustpipeoutsidethebuildingshallnotbelocatedinsideorbelowconditionedoroccupiablespace.8.9.2Faninstallationaccess(attics).A spacehavingaverticalheightofnot less than48 inches(122cm)andadiameterofnotlessthan21inches(53cm)shall be provided where the ASD fan will be installed ifrequired.TheASDpipeshallbecenteredinthisspace.Theexhaustpipeatthislocationshallbelabeledormarkedwiththe words “radon fan location,” “soil gas fan location” orsimilarwording.8.9.2.1Fanserviceaccess(attics).ServiceaccessshallbeprovidedforeachASDfanlocationin an attic to allow installation of ASD fans andreplacement of same. The service access entry shall belocatednotgreaterthan20feet (6m)fromtheASDfan

location unless access meeting Section 306.3 of theInternationalMechanicalCode13isprovided.

8.9.3Fanmountingandactivation.ASD fans shall not be mounted to exhaust piping thatconnectstosoilgasunlesstheycanbeelectricallyenergizedwithinthreedays.8.9.4Electrical.Conductors from a dedicated breaker shall be providedwithin6feet(1.8m)ofASDfanlocationstosupplyaboxedoutlet.Theboxedoutletshallbelabeledormarkedwiththewords “radon fan,” “soil gas fan” or similar wording. Thebreaker shall provide continuous service when activatedand shall not be joined to mechanical or automatedsystemsthatcoulddeactivatethebreaker.8.9.4.1Collateralmitigation(electrical):When a single mitigation system is designed to satisfymitigationneedsinmorethanoneunit,dwellingorareawithin a shared building, power provided to the systemshall be from a source that is electrically meteredindependent from individual units unless the meter iscommontoallunits,dwellingsorareas.

8.9.4.2Labelthebreaker.The receptacle and the over-current device for thebranch circuit that would supply the ASD fan shall belabeledormarkedwith thewords“radon fan,”“soilgasfan”orsimilarwording.

8.9.5ProvisionforASDfanmonitor(s).Thelocationforfanmonitors(e.g.,pressuregauge)shallbedesignated and labeled during construction in accordancewith Section 12.1.1 or 12.2.9, as applicable, unless thesystemisdesignedtoberemotelymonitored.Fanmonitorlocations shall be readily accessible for occupants orbuildingstafftovieworinspectthefanmonitor(s):a)inlocationsfrequentlyvisitedbybuildingstaff;orb)in locations frequently visited by occupantswhen an

individual soil gas vent system is designed to satisfythemitigationneedsofonlyoneunit,dwellingorareawithinasharedbuilding;or

c) in locations that are accessible and visibleor audibleforalloccupantsofthebuilding;or

d) in no less than two areas divided for separateoccupancyusewhenanindividualsoilgasventsystemis designed to satisfy mitigation needs in more thanoneunit,dwellingorareawithinasharedbuilding.

8.9.5.1Physicalaccesstofanmonitors.Whenexhaustpipingatthedesignatedlocationforafanmonitoristobeenclosed,accesspanelsshallbeprovidedtoallowphysicalaccesstothemonitor.Theaccesspanelsshallmeetapplicablefire-ratingrequirements.

13Aspointofreferenceforrequiredserviceaccessinattics,seetheInternationalMechanicalCode(IMC)Section306.3(aspublishedbytheInternationalCodeCouncil).



8.9.5.2Remotelylocatedfanpressuremonitors.Whenthedesignatedlocationforafanpressuremonitordoesnot immediatelyadjoinexhaustpiping, rigid tubingshall be provided between the exhaust piping and theinlethoseofthepressuremonitor.8.9.5.3Labelingrequired.Theexhaustpipeatthedesignated locationforeachfanmonitorshallbe labeledormarkedto includethewords“Thislocationreservedforafanmonitorshouldasoilgasfan be installed,” or equivalent wording. Relatedcomponents, suchasaccesspanelsandexposed remotemonitor tubing, shall be labeled or marked to identifythattheitemasacomponentofaradonorsoilgasventsystem.

8.10Labelsrequiredforexhaustpiping.8.10.1 Exhaust vent piping shall be labeled or marked oneach floor level of the building and within each room oraccessibleserviceareathatexhaustpipingtraverses.

8.10.2Thelabelormarkingshall identifythattheitemisacomponentofaradonorsoilgasventsystem.

8.10.3Thelabelsormarkingshallbeatintervalsnotgreaterthan 20 feet [6m] along the developed length ofexhaustpiping.

8.10.4Labelormarkinglocationsonexhaustpipingthatareexposed and not enclosed behind walls shall be visiblewithineyesightofapproachingservicepersonnel.

SECTION9:EXHAUSTLOCATIONSDistance requirements in Section 9 shall be measuredaroundinterveningobstacles.

9.1Outdoors.The exhaust of all soil gas vent systems shall be to theoutdoorsandshallbedirectedupwardwithoutobstructiontoexhaust airflowatanangle thatdoesnotdeviatemorethan45degreesfromaverticalexhausttrajectory.9.1.1Protectionfromdebris.Wire mesh or equivalent rodent/insect screen (mesh notsmaller than 1/2 inch [13 mm]) shall be provided at thepoint of exhaust to prevent debris or small animals fromentering.9.1.2Notpermitted.Rain caps, horizontal discharge and downward dischargeconfigurationsshallnotbepermitted.Exception: Incertain regionsor locationswhereconditionssuch as pervasive torrential rain or blockage from fallingdebrisareknowntobeaconcern.9.1.3Damagetobuildingmaterials.The exhaust shall not be installed in amanner thatwouldallowtheairflowfromafan-drivenexhausttodirectlystrikebuildingmaterialssuchasexteriorwallsorroofeaves.

9.2Elevationandverticalwalls.Thepointofexhaustshallbelocated:

a) not less than 10 feet (3 m) above grade nearest thepointofdischarge;

b) notlessthan1foot(30cm)aboveapitchedroofatthepoint penetrated and not less than 18 inches (46 cm)aboveaflatroof;

c) notlessthan6inches(15cm)aboveverticalwallsandenclosingroofcomponents (e.g.,parapetrooforwallsadjoining equipmentwells) that are locatedwithin 10feet(3m)horizontallyfromthepointofexhaust;and

d) not lessthan10feet(3m)horizontallyfromaverticalwallthatextendsabovetheroofpenetrated.

9.3Windows,doorsandotheropenings.Thepoint of exhaust shall benot less than2 feet (60 cm)above or not less than 10 feet (3 m) horizontal distanceaway fromopenings created in a structure or an adjacentstructure foroperablewindows,operabledoorsandothergravity intakeopeningsnormallyassociatedwithdwellingsorsimilarlysizedoccupiableunitsinlow-risestructures.Exception: Ventilation openings into attics, provided thattheatticsdonotcontainmechanicalairhandlingsystemsorsizablepassiveopeningsthatallowatticairtomixwiththeairinsideoccupiableareas.

9.4Equipmentairintakes.Foropeningscreatedinastructureoranadjacentstructureformechanicalequipmentairintakes,toincludefan-drivenintakes and gravity intakes for mechanical systems, thepointofexhaustshallbe:a) not less than 30 feet (9 m) in distance away from

mechanicalequipmentairintakes;orb) notlessthan5feet(3m)abovethetopofmechanical

equipmentairintakeopeningsthatarebetweena20-foot(6-m)and30-foot(9-m)horizontaldistanceawayfromthepointofexhaust;or

c) not less than 10 feet (3 m) above the top ofmechanical equipment air intake openings that areless than a 20-foot (6-m) horizontal distance awayfromthepointofexhaust.

9.5Decking,patios,sidewalksorexteriorcorridors.The point of exhaust shall be not less than 10 feet (3m)above or a 20-foot (6-m) distance away from exteriorflooring surfaceswhere individuals traverse or congregatethatareaboveorhorizontaltothepointofdischarge.

9.6Inspectthesoilgasexhaustventpipepriortocompletionofindoorfinishings.Notice:Thisprovisionisnotmandatoryunlessspecificallyreferencedincontractorlocalordinance.SeeAnnexA.

Priortocompletionofindoorfinishings,aninspectionshallbeconductedtoverifycomplianceforsoilgasexhaustventpiping in accordance with Sections 8 through 9. Theinspection shall include items listed in Exhibit 3 and beretainedinrecordsinaccordancewithSection12.



SECTION10:COMPLETIONOFSYSTEMS10.1Labelingormarkingrequiredforallsystems.Labels ormarkings shall be providedwithin eyesight or inconspicuousplacesinaccordancewiththesectionslistedinTable10.1.Table10.1LabelingorMarkingRequiredForAllSystems

6.2.9 Sealedcomponents6.3.5 Crawlspacemembranesand/oraccesshatches8.9.1 DesignatedlocationformountingASDfans8.9.4 Electricalconductorboxes

8.9.4.2 Electricalbreakers8.9.5.3 Designatedfanmonitorlocation

8.10 Exhaustpiping11.5 HVACcomponentsassociatedwithmitigation

10.1.1LabelspecificationsAll labels shall be made of durable materials. All labellettering and other annotation on systems shall be of acolor in contrast to the color of the background onwhichthe lettering is applied. All label titles as specified withineachprovisionsidentifiedinTable10.1shallbeprovidedinlettering of a height of not less than 1/4 inch (6.35mm).Additional information on the labels, where approproateshall have lettering of a height of not less than 1/8 inch(3.18mm).

10.2Systemswithnoactivefan(e.g.,ASDfan)SystemcompletionincludesthedocumentationrequiredinSection12.10.3ActivationwithASDFan.10.3.1.Fanmonitorlabel.Alabelshallbeprovidedateachdesignatedlocationforfanmonitor(s)identifiedforthesysteminSection8.9.5.3.Thelabel'stitleshallstate,“SoilGasVentSystem,”“RadonVentSystem” or similar description and the label shall includethefollowinginformation:a) Adescriptionofthefanmonitor(s)toinclude:

- Howtointerpretthemonitor;- A listofactionstotakeifthefanmonitor indicatessystemdegradationorfailure;and

- A routine inspection advisory to check themonitor(s) at least quarterly or as otherwisespecifiedinanoperationalandmaintenanceplan;

b) An advisory statement that the building should betestedforradonat leastevery2yearsorasrequiredorrecommendedbystate,localorfederalagencies;

c) Additional information resources, such as radonresources at www.epa.gov/radon and the radonhotline1-800-SOS-RADON(767-7236);and

d) Thewords“Forinformation,contact:__________________________________________.”(Insert name and phone number of the installer or party designated responsible for operation, maintenance, monitoring and management of the system(s).

10.3.2FanInstallation.ASDfanselectionsshallbedeterminedbyaqualifiedradonprofessional and installed in accordance with themanufacturer’sinstructions.

10.3.3Flexiblecouplingconnectorsrequired.ASDfansshallbeconnectedtotheASDpipingusingflexibleunshieldedcouplingscomplyingwithASTMD5926orASTMC1173 or an equivalentmethod. Connections shall be air-andwater-tight.10.3.4Fanstart-up.ASDfansshallbeelectricallyenergizedupon installation intheASDsystempiping.10.3.5Disconnectrequired.Wherethefan isnotcordandplugconnected,ameansofelectricaldisconnectshallbeprovidedfor,andineyesightof,theASDfan.

10.3.6ASDfanmonitorsrequired.Each ASD fan shall be provided with a system negativepressure monitor to indicate system operation. The fanmonitor shall be simple to interpret and located inaccordancewithSection8.9.5.Exception: If telemetric indicators/remote monitors areintegratedinthesystemorifthevisualoraudiblemonitor:a) indicateswhenthefan(s)hasnopower;orb) indicates when a fan is outside the intended

performancerange.10.3.6.1Monitordurability:Fanmonitors, including if located outside of a building,shallbeprotectedfromtheelementsanddurableforthesituation.10.3.6.2Automaticreset.Pressure activated electrical ASD system monitors,whether visual or audible, shall be supplied by un-switched electrical circuits and designed to resetautomaticallywhenpowerisrestoredafterpowersupplyfailure.Batteryoperatedmonitoringdevicesshallnotbeusedexceptwhere theyareequippedwitha lowpowerwarningfeature.

SECTION11:HVACEVALUATIONSREQUIRED14.

11.1General:The intended building design and mechanical ventilationsystemsshallbeevaluatedbyaheatingandcoolingdesignspecialist for natural and mechanically induced negativepressureinenclosedspaceswithrespectto:

14 Forgeneralapplicabilityofthesemethodsandimpactonother

indoor air quality issues, see “Indoor Air Quality Guide – BestPracticesforDesignConstructionandCommissioning”publishedby the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-ConditioningEngineers(ASHRAE).www.ashrae.org



a) locations below and to the side of the exteriorfoundationsurfacesthatadjoinsoilandotherearthenaggregates;and

b) adjoining parking garages that are not constructedwithsoilgasventsystems.

11.1.1Theevaluationshall includethebuildingdesignandmechanical system response to changing diurnal andseasonaloutdoortemperaturesthatalterboth:a) pressures induced by mechanical system operation;

andb) natural negative pressure commonly observed in

taller buildings due to unobstructed vertical airpassageways such as stairwells, elevator shafts andotherthermalbypassesbetweenfloors.

11.2Controllednegativepressure.The combination ofHVACdesign (e.g., duct balancing andair handler capacity) and compartmentalized isolation ofinterior airspaces shall be designed to avoid excessivenegativepressurewithadesigngoal toresult innominallyneutralorpositiveairpressurewithintheenclosedspaces.Locations of concern specifically include enclosed spacesthat immediately adjoin crawl spaces, slab-on-grade orbasementslabs,roomswithwallsthatadjoinsoilandotherearthenaggregates,andattachedgarages.Exception: Enclosed spaces that are intentionally designedto be under negative pressure (e.g., bathrooms andkitchens).

11.3Appropriatedesigns.HVAC designs for mitigating negative pressure shall bereviewed for: compliance with ASHRAE ventilationstandards15;unnecessaryenergyconsumption16;anddesigncapabilities to accommodate degradation to the system’sfunctionalitythatoftenoccursovertime.

11.4Controls.Controlsformechanicalequipmentshallbeconfiguredandverified after building construction to consistently meetdesign goals across normal fluctuations in diurnal andseasonaloutdoortemperatures.

11.5Labelmonitors,controlsandstartup.Controlsettingsandfanmonitorsshallhavealabelonorinclose proximity to the mechanism that describes the 15For further information, seeANSI/ASHRAEStandard62.1-2013

“VentilationforAcceptableIndoorAirQuality”forbuildingsthataremorethanthreestoriestallorANSI/ASHRAEStandard62.2-2013“VentilationandAcceptableIndoorAirQualityinLow-RiseResidentialBuildings”

16 For further information, see ANSI/ASHRAE/ USGBC/IES 189.1-2011, “Standard for the Design of High-Performance GreenBuildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings,” or ICC 700-2008, “National Green Building Standard for ResidentialConstruction”.

purpose of the control and general instructions foroperation. System control settings for any mechanicalequipment shall be clearlymarked to indicate the settingsthatexistedat thetimedesigngoalswereverifiedtohavebeenachieved

11.6Documentationofevaluationsandactions.Awritten evaluation and related actions shall beprovidedbytheheatingandcoolingdesignspecialistandincludedinthe operation, maintenance and monitoring (OM&M)manual.

11.7HVACuseforsupplementalmitigation.The design and installation of HVAC systems shall complywithANSI/AARSTRMS-MFRadonMitigation Standards forMultifamily Buildings or ANSI/AARST RMS-LB RadonMitigation Standards for Schools and Large Buildings, asapplicabletotheintendeduseofthebuilding.

SECTION12:DOCUMENTATION12.1Operationandmaintenanceplan.A written operations and maintenance plan for themitigation system(s) shall be created that is suitable fordistribution to maintenance personnel and otherappropriate parties to provide tools for operating andmaintaining systems. The plan shall include stipulations inSection12.1.1throughSection12.1.3:

12.1.1Adescriptionofsystemsasinstalled.Documentationof systems installed shall includenarrativethatdescribes:a) basicoperatingprinciples;andb) system components that are also labeled on a floor

plan diagram such as may be complemented withphotographicdocumentation.

12.1.2Designatedresponsibilities.Documentation shall include a statement that indicateswhat party or parties are responsible for futuremaintenance and monitoring for effectiveness of themitigationsystem(s).

12.1.3Activesystems(ASDand/ornon-ASD).If active systems are installed, the plan shall include allapplicabledetailsstipulatedinTable12.1.3andinformationregarding fan monitors shall be prominently portrayed toinclude:a)Adescriptionofthefanmonitor(s);b) Aroutine inspectionadvisorytocheckthemonitor(s)

at least quarterly or as otherwise specified in anoperationalandmaintenanceplan;

c) Documented startup parameters such as pressuregauge readings that existed at the time successfulmitigationwasinitiallyachieved;and

d)A list of actions to take if the fan monitor indicatessystemdegradationorfailure.



Table12.1.3OperationandMaintenance(O&M)PlanRequirementsforActiveASDand/orNon-ASDSystems(Thesestepscanbeintegratedintoanoverallindoorairqualityplan)

ControlsandMechanicalSystemMonitorsMaintenanceInspectionsofControlsandMonitors

FrequencyofInspection

DocumentStartupDetails:A description shall be provided for the fan monitors,control settings and other operating parameters thatexisted at the time successful mitigation was initiallyachieved. Thedescription should includeexplicitdetailforcomparisonduringinspectionsandrepair,including:a) descriptions of equipment labeling and

annotationsforfanmonitors,controlsettingsandotheroperatingparameters;

b) exact locations of fan monitors, electronictelemetry/monitoringequipment,permanenttestports,, electrical disconnects and othercomponents;

c) instructions for equipment sufficient to interpretlabels, annotations and the designed operatingparameters for the equipment.When applicable,includemanufacturerinstructions;

d) a list of appropriate actions for the Client(s) totake if fan monitor devices or other inspectionprocedures indicate the system(s) are notoperatingasdesigned;and

e) documentedmeasurementsforbalanceofairflowinandairflowoutofHVACsystem(s)whenHVACisacomponentofamitigationsystem.

The operations, maintenance andmonitoring (OM&M) manual providedshall observe that routine inspectionsofcontrols and monitors are a minimumobligation and required component of along-term risk management plan. Thefollowing inspections shall be writtenintotheOM&Mplanasrequiredactions:a) inspection of fan monitors, control

settings and other operatingparameters to ensure the system(s)areoperatingasdesigned;

b) investigation and correction of anyconditions that are found to indicatecomponent failure or inconsistencieswith designed operating parametersforthesystem(s);

c) maintenance of records assimilatedinto the overall building OM&Mdocumentation;and

The plan shall stipulate that a qualifiedprofessional should perform theseinspectionsandifperformedbyinhousemaintenance staff, such staff shall betrainedinsystemoperations.

The plan shall stipulaterecommendations andany requirements for thefrequency of inspectionsof controls andmonitors,asdeemedappropriatetothesituation.It is recommended thatthe plan stipulateinspectionsbe conductedat least quarterly of allfan monitors, controlsand, as applicable, filtersandventopenings.

The plan should alsorecommend inspectionsof mechanical equipmentin addition to controlsandmonitors subsequentto a motor replacementor any catastrophic eventthatcoulddamagesystemcomponents.

MechanicalEquipment MechanicalEquipmentInspections FrequencyofInspection

IncludeEquipmentDetailsandInstructions:a) Includemanufacturerinstructionsand

instructionsspecifictodesignconfigurations,asappropriate;

b) Documentationshouldincludeexactlocationsoffans,electricaldisconnectsandothercomponents;and

c) Include a list of appropriate actions for theClient(s) to take if the fan monitor warningdeviceindicatessystemdegradationorfailure.A list of potential repair items for ASD systemsshouldinclude:i. fanmonitorrepairorreplacement(e.g.,

reconnectorreplaceoilinU-tube);ii. electricalrepair;iii. fanorbootreplacement;andiv. sealingoffoundationopeningstosoilor

pipingconnections.

TheOM&Mplanprovidedshallobservethatmechanical equipment inspectionsshould include all seals, straps,fasteners, electrical system (includingswitch operation), boots, performanceindicators,labels,pipecondition,filters,inletgrillsandfanoperation.

If applicable, airflow in and airflow outof HVAC system(s) and duct balanceshould be checked to ensure that nosignificant changes have occurred.ExamplesofHVACinspectionitems:i. functionalityofHVACfilters;ii. roomdifferentialpressuretest;iii. fresh-airdampersettings;andiv. verificationforsupplyairinto

roomsofinterest.

It isoftencustomarythatrecommendationsincludeinspection of mechanicalequipment by a qualifiedprofessional no less thanevery2years.



12.2OM&Mmanual.To provide tools essential for future efforts in long-term risk management, a written operations, maintenance and monitoring (OM&M) manual for the mitigation system(s) shall be created and distributed to appropriate parties upon completion of the project. The OM&M manual shall include all of the following components:

12.2.1 The operation and oaintenance plan as required inSection12.1.

12.2.2Servicecontactinformation.Documentationshallincludecontactinformationfordesignor service inquiries and identification of the personsresponsibleforadherencetotheseprotocolstoinclude:

a)Name,addressandphonenumber;b) Relevant radon mitigation certification and/or

licensingnumber;and

c) Signature (manual, or electronic in conformancewith the Electronic Signatures in Global andNationalCommerce[E-SIGN]Act).

12.2.3 Records of inspections, as required, for complianceverification(e.g.,Exhibits1,2and3).

12.2.4RecordsofPFEdiagnosticsconductedinaccordancewithSection7andotherdiagnosticinformation.

12.2.5 A written evaluation and related actions regardingnatural and mechanically induced negative pressure inenclosedspacesthatadjoinsoilandgarages inaccordancewithSection11.

12.2.6Anyadverseconditionsobserved.Documentationshallincludeadescriptionofanyimportantobservations that might adversely affect the mitigationsystem(s)orotherbuildingsystemsandanydeviationsfromthisstandardorstaterequirements.

12.2.7Otheressentialinformationforfuturereferenceandoperationor repairconsiderationsshallbeprovidedeitherinaninformationpackagethatcontainstheOM&Mplanorindependentlydistributed,toinclude:a) Pre-andpost-mitigationtestdataifavailable;b) Copiesofcontractsandwarranties;c) Copies of building permits when required and

available;andd) Anestimateoftheannualoperatingcosts.

12.2.8Arecommendationthatacopyofalltestingreportsfor radon and other soil gases be kept with the OM&Mmanualtofacilitatelong-termriskmanagementandfutureoperationandmaintenanceofthesystem(s).

12.3OM&MManualrecommendationtotestforradon.The statements regarding radon testing in Sections12.3.1through12.3.4,orequivalentstatements,shallbeincludedintheOM&Mmanual:

12.3.1Radontestingrecommended

• "Itisrecommendedthatallnewbuildingsbetestedforradongasafter initial construction in accordancewithstandard practices specified in national17, federal orstate standards regardless of steps taken duringbuildingconstructiontoreducesoilgasentry";

12.3.2Elevatedradonconcentrations(e.g.,≥4pCi/L)

• “If testing at any time indicates concentrations abovethe action level, it is recommended to conductevaluations of the mitigation systems(s), correctionsand further testing until testing indicates radonconcentrations have been mitigated to below theaction level. It is recommended that all buildingswhereelevatedradonhasbeenfoundandmitigatedberetested in accordance with standard practicesspecifiedinnational,federalorstatestandardsatleastevery2years.”

12.3.3Ifpassiveornon-ASDsystemsareinstalled

• “If the mitigation system is based on passivemethodologiesorincludespressurizationordilutionofbuilding air, additional seasonal testing is required.Conduct post-mitigation or diagnostic radon testingduring the first year subsequent to construction toverify if system capacity and control settings areeffective under stressed or different seasonalconditions. Repeat testing procedures to verifyeffectivenessisretainedforboth:a) heating season (i.e., when outdoor temperatures

atleastatnightarelessthan65˚F[18C]);andb)coolingseason(i.e.,whenoutdoortemperaturesat

leastindaytimearegreaterthan83˚F[28C]).”

17National measurement standards include, as applicable:ANSI/AARSTMAMF"Protocol forConductingRadonandRadonDecay Product Measurements In Multifamily Buildings";ANSI/AARSTMALB "Protocol for Conducting Measurements ofRadon and Radon Decay Products In Schools and LargeBuildings"; or ANSI/AARST MAH "Protocol for ConductingMeasurementsofRadonandRadonDecayProductsinHomes".



12.3.4Lowconcentrations(e.g.,<4pCi/L)(perinitialtestingorafteractivatingmitigationsystems)

• Retest the building(s) at least every 5 years and inconjunctionwithanysaleofabuilding.

• In addition, be certain to test again when any of thefollowingcircumstancesoccur:3 Anewadditionisconstructedoralterationsfor

buildingreconfigurationorrehabilitationoccur;3 Agroundcontactareanotpreviouslytestedis

occupied;3 Heatingorcoolingsystemsarealteredwithchanges

toairdistributionorpressurerelationships;3 Ventilationisalteredbyextensiveweatherization,

changestomechanicalsystemsorcomparableprocedures;

3 Sizableopeningstosoiloccurdueto:- groundwaterorslabsurfacewatercontrolsystemsareaddedoraltered(e.g.,sumps,perimeterdraintile,shower/tubretrofits,etc.);or

- naturalsettlementcausingmajorcrackstodevelop;

3 Earthquakes,constructionblastingorformationofsinkholesnearby;or

3 Amitigationsystemisaltered,modifiedorrepaired.

SECTION 13: ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATION FORCHEMICAL VAPOR INTRUSION18 AND OTHERHAZARDOUSSOILGASES

13.1Linesofevidenceandcollectiveexpanses.Whenlinesofevidenceindicatethatthespatialdistributionofahazardousgasorchemicalofconcernmaybelimitedtoonlyoneportionofabuilding,an evaluation shall be made for the appropriateness of limiting plenum sizes that arejoinedtoeachsoilgasventsystem(e.g.,tolessthan4,500squarefeet[418m2]expanses).Thecriteriafordeterminingappropriate limits shall include the likely need ofASD fancontrolforareaswherethereisaknownsoilgasconcern.

13.2Ductpipematerials.Anevaluation shallbemadeprior to installation regardingcorrosiveeffectsthatchemicalsmayhaveontheiron,steel,copperorotherpipematerials.

13.3AdditionalASDfanconsiderationsAn explosion-proof fan as specified by codes19 forappropriateness is required when evaluations of the

18 For additional health and safety considerations when thepurpose of soil gas control is chemical vapor intrusion, seeANSI/AARSTSGM-SF"SoilGasMitigationinExistingHomes".

chemical(s) or substances of concern indicate that gassespassingthroughthefancouldresultinafire,explosionandseriouspersonal injurytoworkersandbuildingoccupants.Most inline fans commonly used for radon reduction arenotratedasexplosionproof.

13.4Sealantmaterialconsiderations.Anevaluationshallbemadepriortoinstallationforsealantproductsused inorder to avoid sealantproducts that areknown to have long curing periods or contain constituentchemicalsidentifiedformitigation.

13.5Soilgasretardermaterials.An evaluation shall be made prior to installation for theknown chemical(s) of concern in relationship tomanufacturer guidance on soil gas retarder materials tohelpensuredegradationofthematerialwillnotoccurovertime.Forsituationswherethepurposeofthemembraneisto help prevent liquids or gases from passing throughmembrane materials, less permeable products thanspecifiedinSection6.4(Materialsandinstallationforallsoilgasretarders)shallbeconsidered.

13.6Systemmonitors.InadditiontoallrequirementsofSection9.2FanMonitors,an evaluation shall be made prior to installation forsituations where chemical hazards are present, such asthose associatedwith immediate or short-term acute riskthatcouldwarrantadditionalmonitoringsuchas:a) pronouncedvisualoraudiblenotification;b)continuousgasmonitoringasa trigger for thealarm

systemorforoccupantmonitoring;orc) telemetricmonitoringservices.

19SeetheNationalElectricCodepublishedbyNFPA:http://www.nfpa.org



ANNEXESANDRELATEDEXHIBITS

ANNEXA(Non-Normative):Inspectionsforcompliance.Inspections for compliance are important at the following junctures for system success but shall not be required unless: a)requiredforexercisingcreditoptions inSection4.3;orb)specificallyreferencedintheadoptingordinance,contractordesignrequirements.Adoption:Torendertheseinspectionsasrequired,citeAnnexAoranyofthefollowingindividualprovisionsintheordinance,contractordesignspecifications.

A-1 Inspectionpriortoclosureoversoilbyconcreteorsoilgasretardersfordesign,materialsandsecurefastening: Section5.10.2:Aninspectionshallbeconductedtoverifyallinletsandductingaresecuredandthatgaspermeablelayer

materialsandclosedsurroundingsarecompliantwiththisstandardpriortoplacementofconcreteorsoilgasretardersoveragaspermeablelayer.

A-2 Inspectionpriortocompletionofindoorfinishingstoverifyplenumsealingandclosure: Section6.5:Priortocompletionofindoorfinishings,aninspectionshallbeconductedtoverifyacontinuoussealedbarrier

hasbeenconstructedbetweensoilgasandairspaceswithinthebuilding.

A-3 Inspectionpriortocompletionofindoorfinishingstoverifyexhaustventpipecompliance:Section9.6: Prior to completionof indoor finishings, an inspection shallbe conducted toverify compliance forexhaustventpipinginaccordancewithSections8through9.

ANNEXB(Non-Normative):ASDfansrequired.Soil gas control-vent systems that are fan driven for Active Soil Depressurization (ASD) provide both the best assurance formitigation of soil gas entry and the most consistent reduction in occupant exposure to hazardous soil gases. However, theinstallations of fans shall not be required unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance, contract or designrequirements.Adoption:Tocausefan-drivensystemstoberequired,citeAnnexC-1intheordinance,contractordesignspecifications.

B-1 FansshallbeprovidedinaccordancewithSection10toresultinActiveSoilDepressurization(ASD)systems.

ANNEXC(Non-Normative):Provideradontestkits.Post-construction testing is the onlyway to verify that occupantswill not be exposed to hazardous soil gas. However, post-construction testing shall not be required unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance, contract or designrequirements.Adoption:Toensurebuildingownersareprovidedtoolstoevaluatehazardsfromradongas,citeAnnexD-1intheordinance,contractordesignspecifications.

C.1 Radontestkit(s)required. Aminimumofonelong-termradon-in-airtestkitfromacertified/licensedlaboratoryshallbeprovidedfortheoccupants

ofeachgroundcontactdwelling,unitoroccupancyusearea.

ANNEXD(Non-Normative):Conducttestingpriortooccupancy.

Post-construction testing is the onlyway to verify that occupantswill not be exposed to hazardous soil gas. However, post-construction testing shall not be required unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance, contract or designrequirements.Adoption:Toensureoccupantswillnotbeexposedtohazardsfromradongas,citeAnnexE-1and/orAnnexE-2intheordinance,contractordesignspecifications.



D.1 Radontestingpriortooccupancy.A radon test shall be performed prior to occupancy and shall be performed by a certified/licensed measurementprofessional.Testingshallbeperformedinaccordancewithapplicablestateprotocolsorrequirements;oriftherearenostateprotocolsorrequirementsforthestyleofconstructedbuilding,inaccordancewithnationalstandardsthatinclude,asapplicable:ANSI/AARSTMAMF“ProtocolforConductingRadonandRadonDecayProductMeasurementsInMultifamilyBuilding”;ANSI/AARSTMALB“ProtocolforConductingMeasurementsofRadonandRadonDecayProductsInSchoolsandLarge Buildings”; or ANSI/AARSTMAH “Protocol for ConductingMeasurements of Radon andRadonDecay Products inHomes”.

Wheretestingresultsaregreaterthanthenationalactionlevel,acertified/licensedmitigatorshallberequiredtoperformdiagnostictestsandremediationaction,andradontestingshallberequireduntilradonconcentrationsbelowthenationalactionlevelareachieved.

D.2 Testingpriortooccupancyforothersoilgassesorvapors.Testing shall be performed prior to occupancy by a qualifiedmeasurement professional for the following soil gases orvaporsofconcern:

Soilgasesorvaporsofconcern: Referencesourceforactionlevel:

_________________________________________ _________________________________________

_________________________________________ _________________________________________

_________________________________________ _________________________________________

_________________________________________ _________________________________________

Wheretestingresultsaregreaterthanthestateorfederalactionlevel,remediationactionandfollow-uptestingshallberequireduntilsoilgasconcentrationstobelowtheactionlevelareachieved.Fanactivationanddiagnosticevaluationsbyaqualifiedmitigationprofessionalarecommonlythefirststepsinsuchremedialactions.



EXHIBITS(ExampleInspectionForms)

Exhibit1

Inspectionpriortoclosureoversoilbyconcreteorsoilgasretardersshallinclude:

1. Subgrade closure (§5.1): Soils or soil gas retarders that surround gas permeable layers are restrictive to airflow and grading is sufficient to prevent collected water from obstructing inlets and inlet piping.

2. Foundation walls (§5.2): Walls that surround soil gas collection plenums are damp proofed with openings such as around utility penetrations closed.

3. Foundations drains (§5.3): If connected to gas permeable layers, included in design requirements for soil gas collection plenums.

4. Footings and joined plenums (§5.4): Soil gas ducts that traverse footings are not obstructed.

5. Gas permeable layers (§5.5): Aggregates, voids and configurations meet or exceed minimum requirements.

6. Ducting (§5.6): Duct sizing within and above gas permeable layers meet or exceed minimum requirements.

7. Soil gas inlets (§5.7): Inlet openings to soil gas meet or exceed airflow capacity requirements.

8. Transition to exhaust piping (§5.8): The transition of inlets and inlet piping to exhaust pipe(s) above the slab(s) or soil gas retarder(s) do not diminish designed airflow capacity.

9. Test ports (§5.9): If required, test ports meet minimum requirements.

10. Secured ducts and inlets (§5.10): Ducting and inlet configurations are secured in place in a manner to help avoid dislocation.

Exhibit2

Inspectionpriortocompletionofindoorfinishingstoverifyplenumsealingandclosureshallinclude:

1. Continuous barrier (§6.1): A continuous sealed barrier between soil gas and the interior of the building is complete.

2. Closed concrete floors (§6.2): All gaps and openings are closed and sealed in accordance with minimum requirements. - Above the soil gas retarders (§6.2.1): - Construction joints (§6.2.2): - Molded/sawed control joints (§6.2.3): - Openings and penetrations (§6.2.4): - Block-outs and pits (§6.2.5): - Sump pits (§6.2.6): - Floor drains (§6.2.7): - Air ducts (§6.2.8): - Labels for sealed components (§6.2.9):

3. Earthen floors (§6.3): All exposed earth not covered by concrete (e.g., crawl spaces) is covered with soil gas retarders that are closed and sealed in accordance with minimum requirements. - Sealed perimeter (§6.3.2): - Penetrations (§6.3.3): - Surface water relief (§6.3.4): - Labeling (§6.3.9):

4. Soil gas retarders (§6.4):

All materials and installation comply with minimum requirements. - Under concrete slabs (§6.4.1): - Over earthen floors (§6.4.2): - Seams (§6.4.3): - Repairs (§6.4.4):



Exhibit3

Inspectionpriortocompletionofindoorfinishingstoverifyexhaustventpipecomplianceshallinclude:

1. Sizing and Configuration (§8.1): All duct pipes and joined pipe configurations comply with minimum size requirements.

2. Slope (§8.2): Pipe slope or other methods are configured to drain collected water within piping.

3. Air and water duct piping (§8.3): All exhaust piping, except the intake and exhaust locations are air and water tight.

4. Pipe support (§8.4): Code compliant. Supports for plastic horizontal piping are installed at intervals not exceeding 4 feet (1.2 m) and supports for vertical piping are installed at intervals not exceeding 10 feet (3 m) in a manner that meets minimum requirements.

5. Exhaust pipe equivalent length (§8.5): Each exhaust from above the slab(s) or soil gas retarder(s) to the roof does not exceed the calculated equivalent length restrictions.

6. Pipe materials (§8.6): Pipe materials meet minimum requirements

7. Pipe joints (§8.7): Pipe joints and installation meet minimum requirements

8. Routing and thermal insulation (§8.8): Pipe routing and thermal insulation meet minimum requirements

9. Provision for ASD fan (§8.9): Meets minimum requirements for location and access with electrical outlet and designated fan monitors location.

10. Pipe labeling (§8.10): Each floor and within each room or accessible service area where exposed pipe may be encountered.

11. Exhaust location (§9.1): Outside the building and directed upward without obstruction to exhaust airflow.

12. Elevation and vertical walls (§9.2): Exhaust location not less than 10 ft (3 m) above grade and not less than 10 feet (3 m) away from vertical walls that extend above the roof penetrated.

13. Windows and other openings (§9.3): Exhaust location not less than 2 feet (60 cm) above or not less than 10 feet (3 m) horizontal distance away.

14. Equipment air intakes (§9.4): Exhaust location meets one of the distance options permitted.

15. Decking or exterior corridors (§9.4): Exhaust location not less than 10 feet (3 m) above or not less than 20 feet (6 m) horizontal distance away.



Acknowledgement

This standard was developed through the efforts and deliberations of the consensus body for "Soil Gas Control Systems in New Construction of Buildings (CC-1000), representing a cross-section of stakeholder interests and vantage points.

Deep appreciation is both expressed and deserved for years of contributions in time and wisdom provided by the following consensus body members and staff:

Chair: Dallas Jones (GA) Assistance Team: Gary Hodgden (KS) Stakeholder Group Delegate Affiliation (Educators) Bill Brodhead (PA) Eastern Regional Radon Training Center at Rutgers (Educators) Chad Robinson (KS) Midwest University Radon Consortium (MURC) (Federal EPA Rn) Jani Palmer (DC) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Federal HUD) Warren Friedman (DC) HUD Office of Healthy Homes (Proficiency Program) Bruce Snead (KS) AARST-NRPP (Policy Advisory Board) (Proficiency Program) Kyle Hoylman (KY) AARST-NRPP (Credentialing Committee) (Mitigation Prof.) Tom Hatton (NJ) Professional Service Provider (Mitigation Prof. ) Tom Thies (NM) Professional Service Provider (Measurement Prof. Rn) Matt Koch (GA) Professional Service Provider (Measurement Prof. Rn) David Leety (MD) Professional Service Provider (Building Inspectors) Ralph Quin (SC) Professional Service Provider (Building Scientist) Leo Moorman (CO) Professional Service Provider (Building Scientist) David Wilson (TN) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Environmental Consultant) Kenneth Deemer (VA) Professional Service Provider (Environmental Consultant) Chris Lutz (NC) Professional Service Provider (Manufacturer) Dave Kapturowski (MA) Spruce Environmental (Manufacturer) Thomas Selgrade (IA) Midwestern Radon Supplies

CC-1000CompanionGuidance

1

CG1.0CalculationtablesthatcanbehelpfulformeetingCC-1000requirements.1.1Ducting(diametercapacityandtransitionequivalencetoinlets)1.2Aggregateandinlettransferequivalenceandhydraulicconductivity1.3Equivalentlengthexamplesforducting

CG2.0Procedurallistsofactivitiesbrokenoutbydiscipline:2.1Systemdesigners2.2Gradingandflatwork2.3Pipeinstallers2.4Electricalservice2.5MechanicalHVACengineering2.6Inspectorsandmeasurementprofessionals

Documents

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