Personality

Development

Its Psychological basis

Less on the environment Sequence movement of finger, standing,

walking, etc. Walk before running, and stand before

walking. Environmental factors may speed up or slow in

development.

Motor Development

Effects of deprivation Children whose learning opportunities are

restricted during the first two or three years of life, are seriously behind in language and intellectual skills.

Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist, made the most intensive study of children’s cognitive development.

Intellectual Development

Sensorimotor

Infants are busy

discovering the

relationships between

actions and consequences

Preoperational

Children learn to use

language to represent

objects using words.

Concrete Operational

Child can think logically about

objects and events

Formal Operational

12 years old – thinks

hypothetical, future and ideological problems

Series of distinct stages of children maturity: by Jean Piaget

Defines intelligent behavior as the general capacity of

the individual to think reasonably and to act with good judgment.

Personality Development & Public Relations

FIVE FACTORS1 Capacity to learn is determined by heredity and

environment2 Capacity for abstract thinking is the capacity to think in terms

of concepts.3 Mental alertness is quickness of observation, understanding,

and reaction.4 Sound judgment is the result of wisdom, common sense, and

does not allow himself to fall into hasty generalization, bias, and prejudice.

5 General adaptability is the all around ability to fit successfully into a variety of situation.

Development is a continuous process extending from

birth through adulthood to old age.

DEVELOPMENT AS A LIFELONG PROCESS

1st Year• Child’s feelings of trust in other people is

largely dependent on his relationships with his mother

Preschool Years• Children progress from a simple self-

control to an ability to initiate activities and carry them out.

Aging Years• Beginning age of 65, bring new problems,

declining physical strengths limits the person’s activities.

Middle Adulthood• Constitute most productive period. Men

are at the peak of careers & women have less responsibility at home.

WHY DO YOU WANT TO BE SUCCESSFUL?

Motivations & Emotions

HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Self-actualization Aesthetic:

symmetry, order, & beauty

Cognitive: To know, understand, & explore

Esteem: to achieve, be competent, and gain approval & recognition

Belongingness & love : to affiliate with others, be accepted, and belong

Safety: to feel secure and safe, out of danger

Physiological needs: hunger, thirst, and so forth

There are pleasant emotions such as love,

feelings of accomplishment, and affection; there are also unpleasant emotions, as fear, anxiety, and anger.

LOVE & AFFECTION are emotional responses which, if expressed in a positive way form the basis for many of man’s greatest achievements.

Love builds tolerance, friendliness, and etc. If love is used negatively, it can result in

vanity, selfishness, and deteriorate into hate and jealousy

KINDS OF EMOTION

Hurt is not avoidable; Live life to its fullest, and

we’re bound to encounter disappointment and rejection;

Most people associate vulnerability but there’s nothing wrong with feeling vulnerable & no reason to fight the pain;

Teenagers are more susceptible

HOW TO HANDLE YOUR

HURT

You’re vulnerable every time

you become deeply

involved with other people.

Confronts your emotions; Analyze your expectation; probe into the reasons for being

rejected; Reviewing relationship may help you

avoid repeating the same mistakes;

TIPS & REALITY Worst part of getting hurt is the

realization that both you & your friend are fallible;

Sometimes, we dream that everything is perfect, and getting hurt shakes us back to reality;

Once we touch down, we may land hard; Vulnerability may produce

psychological disorders; Frustrations and anger should be

expressed rather than suppressed; ULCERS, HEADACHES, COLITIS,

AND ALLERGIES might occur when fail to deal with emotional conflicts;

a strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure, or hostility.

HOW TO HANDLE YOUR ANGER

Can I control My Anger? Watch your personal pressure gauge to

make sure steam isn’t building up inside.

Avoid situations that irritate you. If you’re already mad and getting

madder, draw off the rage harmlessly. Learn to recognize and understand why

you feel what you feel.

Of all our feelings, anger is perhapsThe quickest, the least likely to mesh with how

We’d like to see ourselves, how we’d like to appear…

Denial When an external reality is too unpleasant to

face, an individual may deny that it exists. Repression This is a defense against internal threat.

Memories that are too threatening are excluded from conscious awareness. Cases of amnesia illustrate some aspects of repression.

Rationalization It is the assignment of logical motives to what

we do, so that we see, to have acted properly. We reach for a “good” reason rather than a “true” reason.

Projection This protects us from recognizing our own

undesirable qualities by assigning them to other people. (you cheat because other people do so)

DefenseMechanism Unconscious processes that defend a person against anxiety by distorting reality in some way.

Relaxation

Find a position in which you can be relaxed and alert at the same time.

Take 3 deep breaths and let them out slowly

Exercises for inner beauty

Receptivity Now that your active mind is

becoming still, you can contact your inner voice, that place within you that can suggest answers to your questions with honesty and wisdom. Reflection

Focus on something of beauty

Responsibility Make specific

commitment and follow the path