ENGL 102 Mariam Pitti

Psychoanalysis and Behaviorism

Behaviorism focuses on the external

world; while psychoanalysis focuses in the

internal world.

Which one is the best theory?

Psychoanalysis or Behaviorism?

Focuses only on observable behavior

Classical Conditioning

Stimulus and response

Operant and Instrumental Conditioning

Reinforcements

Before conditioning

Response

Unconditioned

stimulusUnconditioned

response

FoodSalivation

1 Before conditioning

Response

Neutral

stimulusNo conditioned

response

No Salivation

Bell

2

During conditioning

Response

Unconditioned

response

FoodBell

Salivation

3 After conditioning

Response

Conditioned

stimulusConditioned

response

Salivation

Bell

4

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

Process Operant Consequence Effect on Behavior

Positive reinforcement

Negativereinforcement

Studying to makedeans list

Make deans list

Increasestudying in the future

Studying to avoidlosing academic

scholarship

Avoid loss of academic

scholarship

Increasestudying in the future

Only explains observable

behavior.

No way to explain

original motivational drives

Psychoanalysis studies the psykee.

Its goal is to reveal the unconscious and find answers

to the traumas and inhibitions of human beings.

The unconscious hidden information within ourmind, that we have no awareness that is present, but

that influences and determine our actions and behavior

(Freud 13).

Conscious Mind10%

Subconscious Mind90%

Psychoanalitic Therapy:

Free Association

Interpretation

Parapraxis Freudian slips

Interpretation of dreams

Hunger

Thirst

Avoidance of pain

Sex

Conscious

Preconscious

Unconscious

Nonconscious

Superego

Note: Ego is freefloating in allthree levels.

Superego

The Conscious Ideal ego

Self-

actuali

zation

Esteem needs

Belongingness and love needs

Safety needs

Physiological needs

Skinner Human thought is human behavior.

People usually do something and they do not know

why they do it.

ADD TO ENVIRONMENT

REMOVE FROM ENVIRONMENT

INCREASEBEHAVIOR

DECREASEBEHAVIOR

+RPOSITIVEREINFORCEMENT

-RNEGATIVEREINFORCEMENT

+PPOSITIVEPUNISHMENT

-PNEGATIVEPUNISHMENT

Behavior

Badresponse

Repeatingsame

behavior

Badreponse

Childhood-Adulthood

Baum, William M. "Chapter 1 Behaviorism: Definition and History." Understanding

Behaviorism: Behavior, Culture, and Evolution. 2nd ed. London: Blackwell, 2005. 3-

4. Print.

Freud, Sigmund. A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. Washington: Pocket, 1975.

PDF.

Freud, Sigmund. The Ego and the Id. New York: CreateSpace, 2010. E-Book.

Maisto, Albert A. "Chapter 14 Therapies." Psychology: An Introduction. By Charles G.

Morris. 12th ed. New York: Prentice Hall, 2004. 527-36. Print.

Perrig, Walter J. "Chapter 4 Emotion, Motivation, and Action." Control of Human

Behavior, Mental Processes, and Consciousness. E-book ed. London: Lawrence

Erlbaum Associates, 2000. 14-18. Print.

Skinner, Burrhus F. The Behavior of Organisms. New York: Copley Group, 1938. E-Book.