39
ED 402 096 TITLE INSTITUTION PUB DATE NOTE AVAILABLE FROM PUB TYPE EDRS PRICE DESCRIPTORS IDENTIFIERS ABSTRACT DOCUMENT RESUME PS 024 876 Measures of Child Well-Being in Utah, 1996. Utah Children, Salt Lake City. Jan 96 73p. Utah Children, 747 East South Temple, Suite 150, Salt Lake City, UT 84102 ($10). Statistical Data (110) Reports Descriptive (141) MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. *Adolescents; Births to Single Women; Birth Weight; Child Abuse; Child Health; *Children; Class Size; Crime; Day Care Centers; Demography; Divorce; Dropout Rate; Early Parenthood; Economically Disadvantaged; Homeless People; Infant Mortality; Infants; Mortality Rate; One Parent Family; Poverty; Prenatal Care; State Surveys; Statistical Studies; Statistical Surveys; Tables (Data); *Well Being Arrests; *Utah This 1996 Kids Count report presents data and analysis for 20 indicators of children's well-being in Utah. The report's introductory section discusses the impact of social and economic trends, which may contribute to a polarization of "have's" and "have nots" in Utah. The bulk of the report provides statistics on the 20 indicators, clustered within four major areas: (1) health, including first trimester prenatal care, low birth weight newborns, infant mortality, births to adolescents, immunization rates, and children eligible for free or reduced price school meals; (2) education, including current educational expenditures per child, average class size, dropout rate, and idle teenagers; (3) safety, including child abuse investigations, child death rates, teen violent death rates, and juvenile violent crime arrest rates; and (4) economic security, including divorce rates, single-headed families with children, available spaces in licensed child care centers, children receiving subsidized child care, children in poverty, public aid recipients, and homeless children. For each indicator, background information is provided on the selection of the indicator, indicators are defined, and yearly Utah data from 1985 to 1994 on the indicator are presented. County data are also presented for 1994. A section describing Utah Children, the Utah Kids Count project, the Children of Color Task Group, and membership information concludes the publication. (KDFB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************

PS 024 876 TITLE Measures of Child Well-Being in Utah, 1996. … · 2014. 5. 14. · 1990 Population. 1994 Population 1990 to 1994 % change in Population. 1990 % Minorities 1990 Families

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  • ED 402 096

    TITLEINSTITUTIONPUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FROM

    PUB TYPE

    EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

    IDENTIFIERS

    ABSTRACT

    DOCUMENT RESUME

    PS 024 876

    Measures of Child Well-Being in Utah, 1996.Utah Children, Salt Lake City.Jan 9673p.

    Utah Children, 747 East South Temple, Suite 150, SaltLake City, UT 84102 ($10).Statistical Data (110) Reports Descriptive (141)

    MF01/PC03 Plus Postage.*Adolescents; Births to Single Women; Birth Weight;Child Abuse; Child Health; *Children; Class Size;Crime; Day Care Centers; Demography; Divorce; DropoutRate; Early Parenthood; Economically Disadvantaged;Homeless People; Infant Mortality; Infants; MortalityRate; One Parent Family; Poverty; Prenatal Care;State Surveys; Statistical Studies; StatisticalSurveys; Tables (Data); *Well BeingArrests; *Utah

    This 1996 Kids Count report presents data andanalysis for 20 indicators of children's well-being in Utah. Thereport's introductory section discusses the impact of social andeconomic trends, which may contribute to a polarization of "have's"and "have nots" in Utah. The bulk of the report provides statisticson the 20 indicators, clustered within four major areas: (1) health,including first trimester prenatal care, low birth weight newborns,infant mortality, births to adolescents, immunization rates, andchildren eligible for free or reduced price school meals; (2)

    education, including current educational expenditures per child,average class size, dropout rate, and idle teenagers; (3) safety,including child abuse investigations, child death rates, teen violentdeath rates, and juvenile violent crime arrest rates; and (4)economic security, including divorce rates, single-headed familieswith children, available spaces in licensed child care centers,children receiving subsidized child care, children in poverty, publicaid recipients, and homeless children. For each indicator, backgroundinformation is provided on the selection of the indicator, indicatorsare defined, and yearly Utah data from 1985 to 1994 on the indicatorare presented. County data are also presented for 1994. A sectiondescribing Utah Children, the Utah Kids Count project, the Childrenof Color Task Group, and membership information concludes thepublication. (KDFB)

    ***********************************************************************

    Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.

    ***********************************************************************

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    2

    POV

    ER

    TY

    1990

    Mar

    ried

    Cou

    ple

    Fam

    ilies

    19,4

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    ith c

    hild

    ren

    unde

    r 18

    yrs

    .14

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    With

    chi

    ldre

    n un

    der

    5 yr

    s9,

    955

    1990

    Sin

    gle

    Pare

    nt F

    amili

    esFe

    mal

    e he

    ad o

    f ho

    useh

    old

    14,2

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    ith c

    hild

    ren

    unde

    r 18

    yrs

    .13

    ,324

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    chi

    ldre

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    s7,

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    e he

    ad o

    f ho

    useh

    old

    1,80

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    hild

    ren

    unde

    r 18

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    .1,

    349

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    chi

    ldre

    n un

    der

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    s72

    7

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    ldre

    n liv

    ing

    in f

    amili

    es in

    pov

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    75,5

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    urce

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    ensu

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    ulat

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    ldre

    n in

    hom

    eles

    s fa

    mili

    es1,

    363

    Est

    imat

    ed tu

    anbe

    r fo

    r U

    tah

    for

    1994

    and

    199

    S. S

    ourc

    e U

    tah

    Dep

    artm

    ent

    of C

    anna

    tutit

    y &

    Eco

    nom

    ic D

    evel

    opm

    eta:

    see

    pag

    e 23

    for

    mor

    e bt

    form

    atio

    n.

    9

  • Uta

    h D

    emog

    raph

    ics

    1990

    Pop

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    1994

    Pop

    ulat

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    1990

    to 1

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    Pop

    ulat

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    1990

    % M

    inor

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    1990

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    1994

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    4,80

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    at U

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    HA

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    'San

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    Des

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    us n

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    med

    ia r

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    ts th

    atpo

    rtra

    y U

    tah'

    s ec

    onom

    y as

    eco

    nom

    ical

    lyhe

    alth

    y, s

    ocia

    l and

    eco

    nom

    ic in

    equa

    lity

    inth

    e st

    ate

    is g

    row

    ing

    at a

    n al

    arm

    ing

    rate

    ...na

    tiona

    l eco

    nom

    ic a

    nd s

    ocia

    l tre

    nds

    are

    crea

    ting

    a gr

    owin

    g po

    lari

    zatio

    n of

    Am

    eric

    a's

    stra

    tific

    atio

    n sy

    stem

    . Sin

    ce 1

    980

    Uta

    h's

    popu

    latio

    n liv

    ing

    in p

    over

    ty h

    asin

    crea

    sed

    30%

    . Thi

    s dr

    amat

    ic in

    crea

    se in

    pove

    rty

    is p

    rim

    arily

    the

    resu

    lt of

    str

    uctu

    ral

    econ

    omic

    tran

    sfor

    mat

    ions

    in U

    tah'

    sec

    onom

    y ov

    er th

    e la

    st d

    ecad

    e an

    d a

    half

    .M

    any

    high

    er p

    ayin

    g jo

    bs, e

    spec

    ially

    inm

    inin

    g an

    d m

    anuf

    actu

    ring

    hav

    e be

    en lo

    stan

    d re

    plac

    ed b

    y lo

    w-p

    ayin

    g jo

    bs. (

    "Soc

    ial

    and

    Eco

    nom

    ic I

    nequ

    ality

    in U

    tah,

    " a

    chap

    ter

    in U

    tah

    in D

    emog

    raph

    ic P

    ersp

    ectiv

    e, 2

    nded

    ition

    , for

    thco

    min

    g fr

    om S

    igna

    ture

    Boo

    ks)

    Post

    war

    sta

    bilit

    y ha

    s ch

    ange

    d. F

    rom

    the

    conc

    lusi

    on o

    f W

    orld

    War

    II

    up to

    the

    mid

    -19

    70's

    the

    U.S

    . eco

    nom

    y ex

    pand

    ed a

    ndpr

    ovid

    ed a

    bet

    ter

    stan

    dard

    of

    livin

    g fo

    r m

    ost

    Am

    eric

    ans.

    But

    sin

    ce 1

    980

    the

    econ

    omic

    12

    fort

    unes

    of

    mid

    dle-

    clas

    s pe

    ople

    in th

    e U

    .S.

    have

    dec

    lined

    . Thi

    s tu

    rnar

    ound

    has

    bee

    n ca

    lled

    "the

    Gre

    at U

    -Tur

    n" b

    y ec

    onom

    ists

    Ben

    nett

    Har

    riso

    n an

    d B

    arry

    Blu

    esto

    ne (

    1988

    ). T

    he U

    -tu

    rn r

    efer

    s to

    an

    enor

    mou

    s dr

    op in

    199

    1av

    erag

    e w

    ages

    com

    pare

    d to

    the

    1960

    wag

    es f

    orpr

    oduc

    tion

    and

    nons

    uper

    viso

    ry w

    orke

    rs -

    abo

    ut80

    % o

    f th

    e w

    ork

    forc

    e (w

    hen

    grap

    hed,

    this

    line

    rese

    mbl

    es a

    U-t

    urn)

    . The

    res

    ults

    hav

    e be

    ense

    riou

    s ec

    onom

    ic a

    nd s

    ocia

    l pro

    blem

    s fo

    rw

    orki

    ng f

    amili

    es. W

    ages

    and

    low

    -ski

    ll or

    blue

    -col

    lar

    prod

    uctio

    n em

    ploy

    men

    t are

    dow

    n,w

    hile

    deb

    t and

    hou

    sing

    cos

    ts a

    re u

    p.

    Wor

    k ha

    s ch

    ange

    d in

    the

    Info

    rmat

    ion

    Age

    .T

    his

    tren

    d w

    ill n

    ot c

    hang

    e so

    on. B

    ecau

    se w

    ear

    e no

    w in

    tran

    sitio

    n to

    a d

    eind

    ustr

    ializ

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    ndin

    form

    atio

    n ba

    sed

    econ

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    with

    pro

    duct

    ion

    orga

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    d at

    a g

    loba

    l sca

    le, l

    ocal

    wor

    kers

    mus

    tin

    crea

    sing

    ly c

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    te w

    ith r

    obot

    s, c

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    ng c

    o-w

    orke

    rs o

    r lo

    w-w

    age

    thir

    d-w

    orld

    wor

    kers

    . Tho

    se g

    oing

    on

    for

    post

    -hig

    h sc

    hool

    trai

    ning

    or

    colle

    ge w

    ill m

    ore

    likel

    y re

    ap a

    harv

    est o

    f go

    od jo

    bs th

    an th

    ose

    who

    don

    't.

    Fam

    ily li

    fe is

    alw

    ays

    tied

    to th

    e ec

    onom

    y.T

    he r

    elat

    ions

    hip

    betw

    een

    fam

    ilies

    and

    the

    econ

    omy

    is a

    two-

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    str

    eet.

    A d

    eclin

    e in

    wag

    es a

    nd n

    umbe

    rs o

    f ea

    rner

    s al

    way

    s af

    fect

    sth

    e ta

    x ba

    se. N

    inet

    y-fi

    ve p

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    nt o

    f th

    ena

    tiona

    l pop

    ulat

    ion,

    esp

    ecia

    lly th

    ose

    at th

    elo

    wer

    end

    of

    the

    econ

    omic

    sca

    le, h

    ave

    seen

    thei

    r ta

    xes

    incr

    ease

    sin

    ce th

    e 19

    80's

    . The

    ver

    yw

    ealth

    y, h

    owev

    er, h

    ave

    seen

    thei

    r ta

    xes

    cut.

    "The

    tax

    rate

    for

    pov

    erty

    leve

    l fam

    ilies

    incr

    ease

    d fr

    om 1

    .8%

    of

    thei

    r in

    com

    e in

    197

    9

    4

    to 1

    0.8%

    in 1

    986.

    Fro

    m 1

    987

    to 1

    988

    thes

    efa

    mili

    es s

    aw th

    eir

    taxe

    s ri

    se a

    gain

    , nea

    rly

    20%

    ...w

    hile

    the

    wea

    lthie

    st 1

    % o

    f th

    e po

    pula

    tion

    had

    an a

    vera

    ge ta

    x cu

    t of

    $44,

    750

    in 1

    988"

    (Fea

    gin

    & F

    eagi

    n, b

    uild

    ing

    Am

    eric

    an C

    ities

    1990

    , p. 5

    9).

    Mac

    ro c

    onte

    xt o

    f so

    ciet

    y in

    flue

    nces

    mic

    ro.

    Eco

    nom

    ic f

    acto

    rs m

    ake

    up w

    hat h

    as b

    een

    calle

    d th

    e "m

    acro

    con

    text

    " of

    soc

    ial i

    nflu

    ence

    son

    fam

    ilies

    . The

    se in

    flue

    nces

    are

    larg

    e,co

    mpl

    ex a

    nd d

    ynam

    ic. E

    cono

    mic

    s ca

    nin

    flue

    nce

    and

    dete

    rmin

    e ho

    w f

    amili

    es a

    reor

    gani

    zed,

    and

    hen

    ce th

    e ex

    peri

    ence

    of

    child

    ren

    grow

    ing

    up w

    ithin

    thos

    e fa

    mili

    es. T

    he m

    acro

    cont

    ext c

    onsi

    sts

    of s

    ever

    al in

    tera

    ctin

    g fo

    rces

    incl

    udin

    g go

    vern

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    t, id

    eolo

    gy, s

    ocia

    lst

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    and

    atti

    tude

    s ab

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    ace,

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    d ge

    nder

    , and

    pol

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    l ins

    titut

    ions

    .

    The

    re a

    re o

    ther

    fac

    tors

    in th

    e m

    acro

    leve

    l.R

    elig

    ious

    inst

    itutio

    ns a

    nd a

    glo

    bal m

    edia

    busi

    ness

    are

    als

    o fe

    atur

    es o

    f th

    e m

    acro

    con

    text

    of s

    ocie

    ty, a

    ffec

    ting

    fam

    ilies

    and

    thei

    r de

    sire

    sor

    val

    ues

    and

    beha

    vior

    s. T

    elev

    isio

    n ha

    s ha

    d a

    prof

    ound

    aff

    ect o

    n ne

    ighb

    ors'

    "fr

    ont p

    orch

    "kn

    owle

    dge

    of e

    ach

    othe

    r. W

    here

    peo

    ple

    are

    stro

    ngly

    invo

    lved

    in c

    omm

    uniti

    es, t

    hey

    have

    been

    abl

    e to

    com

    pens

    ate

    for

    nega

    tive

    infl

    uenc

    esan

    d cr

    eate

    mor

    e po

    sitiv

    e w

    ays

    of r

    elat

    ing.

    Stat

    e go

    vern

    men

    t is

    part

    of

    the

    mac

    ro le

    vel.

    In r

    elat

    ion

    to f

    amili

    es, a

    sta

    te is

    a m

    acro

    leve

    lin

    stitu

    tion.

    A s

    tate

    gov

    ernm

    ent h

    as a

    n ef

    fect

    on u

    nits

    in th

    e m

    icro

    leve

    l, es

    peci

    ally

    on

    poor

    fam

    ilies

    . Fam

    ilies

    nee

    d op

    port

    uniti

    es to

    be

    13

  • resp

    onsi

    bly

    inte

    rdep

    ende

    nt. F

    amily

    pro

    gram

    ssh

    ould

    em

    phas

    ize

    prev

    entio

    n, n

    ot c

    risi

    sm

    anag

    emen

    t. T

    o be

    eff

    ectiv

    e, p

    rogr

    ams

    need

    to b

    e in

    tegr

    ated

    acr

    oss

    boun

    dari

    es o

    fpr

    ofes

    sion

    al tu

    rf a

    nd h

    uman

    und

    erst

    andi

    ng.

    Serv

    ices

    sho

    uld

    be f

    amily

    -fri

    endl

    y; th

    at is

    ,re

    adily

    acc

    essi

    ble

    and

    com

    mun

    ity-b

    ased

    .Fa

    mili

    es u

    sual

    ly d

    evis

    e w

    ays

    to s

    urvi

    ve in

    spi

    teof

    mis

    sing

    hel

    p, b

    ut s

    ome

    solu

    tions

    can

    be

    hard

    on th

    eir

    kids

    .

    The

    mic

    ro le

    vel a

    ffec

    ts f

    amili

    es, t

    oo. T

    hem

    icro

    or

    smal

    ler

    cont

    exts

    can

    be

    impa

    cted

    diff

    eren

    tly b

    y th

    e m

    acro

    . For

    exa

    mpl

    e, w

    hen

    an A

    nglo

    fat

    her

    is la

    id o

    ff f

    rom

    a jo

    b in

    man

    ufac

    turi

    ng, m

    embe

    rs o

    f hi

    s fa

    mily

    may

    have

    som

    e re

    silie

    nce

    - fo

    r re

    ason

    s of

    rac

    e,pe

    rson

    ality

    or

    fam

    ily s

    tren

    gth

    - to

    pic

    k up

    and

    go o

    n. W

    hen

    a N

    avaj

    o fa

    ther

    lose

    s m

    inin

    gin

    com

    e -

    in a

    n al

    read

    y de

    pres

    sed

    coun

    tyth

    isch

    ange

    may

    be

    muc

    h ha

    rder

    on

    his

    fam

    ily, i

    fth

    ey w

    ant t

    o st

    ay c

    lose

    to th

    eir

    land

    and

    cultu

    re. M

    any

    high

    pay

    ing

    jobs

    , esp

    ecia

    lly in

    man

    ufac

    turi

    ng o

    r m

    inin

    g, h

    ave

    been

    lost

    inU

    tah;

    thes

    e ha

    ve b

    een

    repl

    aced

    with

    low

    er-

    paid

    , les

    s se

    cure

    jobs

    in r

    esta

    uran

    ts a

    nd h

    otel

    s.

    EFF

    EC

    T O

    N P

    OL

    ICY

    : In

    sum

    , asp

    ects

    of

    the

    mac

    ro le

    vel a

    lway

    s af

    fect

    the

    mic

    ro le

    vel.

    Thi

    s ef

    fect

    bec

    omes

    mor

    e no

    ticea

    ble

    whe

    npo

    licie

    s ar

    e ba

    sed

    on u

    nrea

    listic

    exp

    ecta

    tions

    .Fo

    r ex

    ampl

    e: in

    the

    1862

    Hom

    este

    ad A

    ct,

    fede

    ral p

    rocl

    amat

    ions

    off

    ered

    hug

    e tr

    acts

    of

    land

    , and

    cha

    nged

    fam

    ily r

    elat

    ions

    hips

    by

    invi

    ting

    peop

    le to

    mov

    e w

    est.

    At f

    irst

    , man

    yfa

    mili

    es w

    ere

    in f

    ragi

    le e

    cono

    mic

    pos

    ition

    sbe

    caus

    e ea

    rly

    gran

    ts w

    ere

    base

    d on

    ser

    ious

    lyin

    adeq

    uate

    kno

    wle

    dge

    of w

    este

    rn a

    ridi

    ty.

    14

    Indi

    vidu

    al r

    eact

    ions

    to c

    hang

    e w

    ill v

    ary.

    Som

    etim

    es in

    divi

    dual

    s or

    gani

    ze to

    add

    ress

    larg

    er is

    sues

    that

    aff

    ect f

    amily

    life

    : the

    bir

    thco

    ntro

    l mov

    emen

    t, th

    e la

    bor

    mov

    emen

    t, th

    ew

    omen

    's m

    ovem

    ent,

    the

    curr

    ent f

    amily

    mov

    emen

    t, al

    l are

    exa

    mpl

    es. C

    omm

    unity

    heal

    th, i

    njur

    y or

    dea

    th p

    reve

    ntio

    n fo

    r ch

    ildre

    nha

    ve b

    een

    infl

    uenc

    ed b

    y in

    divi

    dual

    lead

    ers

    ofso

    cial

    mov

    emen

    ts. S

    uch

    "mov

    ers

    and

    shak

    ers"

    are

    hero

    es to

    som

    e -

    incl

    udin

    g ea

    rly

    20th

    cent

    ury

    refo

    rmer

    s w

    ho f

    ough

    t to

    outla

    w c

    hild

    labo

    r. B

    ut th

    ey m

    ay a

    lso

    be s

    een

    by o

    ther

    s as

    nuis

    ance

    s, p

    eopl

    e w

    ho s

    tir u

    p tr

    oubl

    e or

    ref

    use

    to a

    ccep

    t the

    sta

    tus

    quo.

    Cur

    rent

    gro

    wth

    is a

    fac

    tor

    in U

    tah.

    Thi

    sst

    ate

    is n

    ow u

    nder

    goin

    g a

    rapi

    d in

    crea

    se in

    popu

    latio

    n. M

    any

    new

    fam

    ilies

    are

    mov

    ing

    in,

    with

    var

    ious

    abi

    litie

    s an

    d ne

    eds.

    Acc

    ordi

    ng to

    the

    Uta

    h St

    ate

    Dat

    a C

    ente

    r's r

    ecen

    t pub

    licat

    ion

    "Uta

    h D

    ata

    Gui

    de"

    (Jul

    y, 1

    995)

    em

    ploy

    men

    tgr

    owth

    is e

    xpec

    ted

    to d

    ecre

    ase

    from

    6.2

    perc

    ent i

    n 19

    94 to

    5.0

    per

    cent

    in 1

    995.

    Uta

    hra

    nks

    firs

    t in

    the

    natio

    n fo

    r se

    rvic

    e em

    ploy

    men

    tgr

    owth

    (us

    ually

    low

    er p

    ayin

    g jo

    bs),

    and

    seve

    nth

    for

    man

    ufac

    turi

    ng. T

    his

    issu

    e of

    the

    Dat

    a G

    uide

    als

    o st

    ates

    , "St

    rong

    pop

    ulat

    ion

    grow

    th, h

    owev

    er, k

    ept p

    er c

    apita

    per

    sona

    lin

    com

    e gr

    owth

    dow

    n...U

    tah

    cont

    inue

    d to

    ran

    k48

    th in

    the

    natio

    n in

    per

    cap

    ita p

    erso

    nal

    inco

    me"

    (p.

    9).

    Sin

    ce p

    over

    ty s

    trik

    es u

    neve

    nly

    acro

    ss U

    tah'

    s co

    untie

    s, m

    uch

    of it

    may

    be

    hidd

    en f

    rom

    Was

    atch

    Fro

    nt e

    yes

    and

    ears

    .O

    ne r

    esul

    t of

    Uta

    h's

    youn

    ger

    popu

    latio

    n an

    dla

    rger

    hou

    seho

    lds

    is th

    at m

    ore

    depe

    nden

    ts a

    resu

    ppor

    ted

    by f

    ewer

    eco

    nom

    ic r

    esou

    rces

    than

    in48

    oth

    er s

    tate

    s. E

    ight

    y-on

    e pe

    rcen

    t of

    thes

    ede

    pend

    ents

    are

    chi

    ldre

    n.

    5

    Ris

    ks o

    f in

    crea

    sed

    hom

    eles

    snes

    s ar

    e gr

    owin

    g.O

    ne s

    erio

    us o

    utco

    me

    of c

    urre

    nt e

    cono

    mic

    chan

    ges

    is a

    n in

    crea

    se in

    fam

    ily h

    omel

    essn

    ess.

    Whe

    n m

    ore

    child

    ren

    show

    up

    in U

    tah

    shel

    ters

    ,w

    e ha

    ve to

    ask

    why

    . Sta

    tistic

    s sh

    ow th

    at th

    ere

    are

    two

    fact

    ors

    in th

    e cr

    eatio

    n of

    the

    seve

    repo

    vert

    y le

    adin

    g to

    hom

    eles

    snes

    s: s

    truc

    tura

    lch

    ange

    s in

    the

    econ

    omy,

    and

    sev

    eral

    indi

    vidu

    alch

    oice

    s or

    dec

    isio

    ns. L

    ower

    wag

    es, a

    t a ti

    me

    of r

    isin

    g co

    sts

    for

    hous

    ing,

    res

    ult i

    n le

    ss r

    eal

    inco

    me

    for

    man

    y fa

    mili

    es. M

    any

    have

    acc

    rued

    seri

    ous

    cred

    it ca

    rd d

    ebt t

    o of

    fset

    thei

    r lo

    ss o

    fbu

    ying

    pow

    er. S

    ome

    have

    dif

    ficu

    lty k

    eepi

    ngjo

    bs; b

    ut m

    any

    mor

    e w

    orki

    ng p

    aren

    ts a

    re u

    sing

    hom

    eles

    s sh

    elte

    rs e

    very

    whe

    re in

    clud

    ing

    Uta

    h.

    Pare

    nts'

    suc

    cess

    or

    failu

    re h

    as d

    eep

    impa

    cton

    thei

    r ki

    ds. C

    hild

    ren

    are

    deep

    ly a

    ffec

    ted

    byth

    eir

    pare

    nts'

    str

    esso

    rs, s

    ucce

    sses

    and

    con

    cern

    s.W

    hen

    pare

    nts

    cann

    ot p

    rovi

    de b

    asic

    nee

    ds, k

    ids

    are

    less

    like

    ly to

    do

    wel

    l in

    scho

    ol a

    nd in

    thei

    rpr

    epar

    atio

    n fo

    r lif

    e.If

    kid

    s ar

    e ho

    mel

    ess,

    they

    are

    with

    out s

    tabl

    e su

    ppor

    ts. T

    hey

    will

    be

    less

    able

    to a

    ssum

    e fu

    ll re

    spon

    sibi

    litie

    s as

    citi

    zens

    .C

    hild

    ren

    grow

    up

    seei

    ng p

    aren

    ts a

    s m

    odel

    s of

    how

    to b

    e hu

    man

    ; the

    y pa

    ttern

    thei

    r fa

    mili

    esaf

    ter

    the

    ones

    that

    nur

    ture

    them

    .

    UT

    AH

    KID

    S C

    OU

    NT

    bel

    ieve

    s th

    at c

    hild

    ren

    are

    the

    busi

    ness

    of

    all t

    he p

    eopl

    e w

    ho a

    rein

    volv

    ed in

    thei

    r he

    alth

    , saf

    ety,

    edu

    catio

    n an

    dse

    curi

    ty. W

    e en

    cour

    age

    all a

    dults

    - p

    aren

    ts,

    com

    mun

    ity d

    ecis

    ion-

    mak

    ers,

    em

    ploy

    ers,

    and

    legi

    slat

    ive

    lead

    ers

    to b

    e m

    ore

    acco

    unta

    ble

    toch

    ildre

    n ev

    eryw

    here

    , to

    mak

    e su

    re th

    at a

    ll ki

    dsco

    unt a

    nd g

    row

    wel

    l in

    all d

    omai

    ns o

    f lif

    e.

    Cyn

    thia

    B. T

    aylo

    r, U

    TA

    H K

    IDS

    CO

    UN

    T

    15"

  • Hea

    lth

    BA

    CK

    GR

    OU

    ND

    : All

    child

    ren

    and

    yout

    h ne

    edgo

    od n

    utri

    tion

    and

    adeq

    uate

    hea

    lth c

    are

    in o

    rder

    to g

    row

    up

    as h

    ealth

    y, p

    rodu

    ctiv

    e ad

    ults

    . Kid

    sth

    rive

    phy

    sica

    lly a

    nd m

    enta

    lly w

    hen

    they

    rece

    ive

    earl

    y an

    d re

    gula

    r pr

    even

    tive

    and

    cura

    tive

    care

    ; par

    ticip

    atio

    n in

    thes

    e ef

    fort

    s m

    ust

    be in

    crea

    sed.

    Thi

    s is

    one

    dom

    ain

    whi

    ch m

    ost

    clea

    rly

    show

    s th

    e co

    st-e

    ffec

    tiven

    ess

    of p

    rim

    ary

    prev

    entiv

    e ca

    re: o

    ne d

    olla

    r sp

    ent o

    n w

    hoop

    ing

    coug

    h im

    mun

    izat

    ion

    can

    save

    six

    dol

    lars

    ; one

    dolla

    r sp

    ent o

    n m

    easl

    es/m

    umps

    /rub

    ella

    imm

    uniz

    atio

    n w

    ill s

    ave

    sixt

    een

    dolla

    rs in

    trea

    tmen

    t cos

    ts d

    urin

    g on

    e ch

    ildho

    od.

    Uta

    h ha

    s do

    ne a

    goo

    d jo

    b in

    the

    past

    few

    yea

    rsw

    ith in

    crea

    sed

    earl

    y pr

    enat

    al c

    are,

    res

    ultin

    g in

    ade

    crea

    se in

    infa

    nt m

    orta

    lity

    and

    few

    er lo

    w b

    irth

    -w

    eigh

    t inf

    ants

    . We

    need

    sim

    ilar

    supp

    ort f

    orpr

    even

    tion

    in o

    ther

    chi

    ldho

    od h

    ealth

    nee

    ds, s

    uch

    as v

    isio

    n, h

    eari

    ng a

    nd d

    enta

    l ser

    vice

    s.

    Car

    ing

    adul

    ts m

    ust w

    ork

    to p

    ublic

    ize

    and

    impl

    emen

    t ear

    ly a

    nd r

    egul

    ar p

    erio

    dic

    scre

    enin

    g,di

    agno

    sis,

    and

    trea

    tmen

    t pro

    gram

    s. F

    amili

    es a

    ndco

    mm

    uniti

    es h

    ave

    resp

    onsi

    bilit

    ies

    to a

    ssur

    e th

    atch

    ildre

    n gr

    ow u

    p w

    ith p

    rote

    ctio

    n of

    thei

    r he

    alth

    ,to

    bec

    ome

    heal

    thy

    adul

    ts. W

    hile

    ther

    e ar

    e m

    any

    poss

    ible

    mea

    sure

    s of

    goo

    d he

    alth

    for

    chi

    ldre

    n,U

    TA

    H K

    IDS

    CO

    UIV

    7' h

    as c

    hose

    n si

    x m

    easu

    res

    with

    in th

    e do

    mai

    n of

    hea

    lth. E

    ach

    indi

    cato

    r or

    mea

    sure

    will

    be

    repo

    rted

    in s

    ubse

    quen

    t dat

    abo

    oks

    to s

    how

    tren

    ds o

    ver

    time,

    as

    poss

    ible

    .

    ME

    ASU

    RE

    S an

    d D

    EFI

    NIT

    ION

    S:

    Per

    cent

    Birt

    hs w

    ith E

    arl'

    Pre

    nata

    l Car

    e

    Res

    earc

    h sh

    ows

    that

    wom

    en w

    ho d

    o no

    t rec

    eive

    earl

    y pr

    enat

    al c

    are

    are

    mor

    e lik

    ely

    to g

    ive

    birt

    hto

    low

    bir

    th w

    eigh

    t bab

    ies

    (def

    initi

    on b

    elow

    )th

    an w

    omen

    who

    do

    begi

    n pr

    enat

    al c

    are

    in th

    efi

    rst t

    rim

    este

    r of

    pre

    gnan

    cy. M

    othe

    rs w

    ithou

    the

    alth

    insu

    ranc

    e ar

    e le

    ast l

    ikel

    y to

    see

    kap

    prop

    riat

    e pr

    enat

    al c

    are.

    Am

    ong

    othe

    r se

    riou

    sef

    fect

    s, th

    e la

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    Sou

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    Infl

    uenz

    a, ty

    pe B

    ).

    Pres

    choo

    l age

    chi

    ldre

    n ar

    e th

    ose

    at h

    ighe

    st r

    isk

    for

    vacc

    ine

    prev

    enta

    ble

    dise

    ases

    . Eff

    orts

    hav

    ebe

    gun

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    crea

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    ate

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    ls o

    f im

    mun

    iza-

    tion,

    foc

    usin

    g on

    : mat

    erna

    l edu

    catio

    n in

    hosp

    itals

    , fol

    low

    -up

    of c

    hild

    ren

    iden

    tifie

    d as

    high

    -ris

    k, a

    ctiv

    e tr

    acki

    ng a

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    ecal

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    child

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    s re

    turn

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    oint

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    ts f

    or im

    mun

    iza-

    tions

    , ext

    ende

    d cl

    inic

    hou

    rs, a

    nd m

    obile

    imm

    uniz

    atio

    n se

    rvic

    es.

    In 1

    994

    a N

    atio

    nal

    Imm

    uniz

    atio

    n Su

    rvey

    con

    duct

    ed b

    y th

    e C

    DC

    foun

    d th

    at U

    tah

    has

    achi

    eved

    ade

    quat

    e im

    mun

    i-za

    tion

    leve

    ls f

    or a

    ppro

    xim

    atel

    y 70

    % o

    f tw

    o ye

    arol

    d ch

    ildre

    n. D

    ata

    wer

    e pr

    ovid

    ed b

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    e U

    tah

    Dep

    artm

    ent o

    f H

    ealth

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    mun

    izat

    ion

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    ram

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    Imm

    uniz

    atio

    ns b

    y A

    ge 2

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    ng R

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    spec

    tive

    Sur

    veys

    f_50

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    1992

    1993

    1994

    Sou

    rce:

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    h D

    epar

    tmen

    t ci H

    ealth

    , DIv

    isbn

    of C

    omm

    unity

    and

    Fam

    ilyH

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    Ser

    vice

    s, Im

    mun

    katb

    n P

    rogr

    am, O

    ctob

    er 1

    995.

    8

    UT

    AH

    KID

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    OU

    NT

    Chi

    ldre

    n of

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    ask

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    up u

    rges

    all

    heal

    th d

    istr

    ids

    toco

    llect

    dat

    a on

    all

    mea

    sure

    s of

    chi

    ld h

    ealth

    by r

    ace/

    ea:id

    ly a

    nd g

    ende

    r. F

    urth

    erm

    ore,

    it re

    com

    men

    ds th

    at a

    ll he

    alth

    dat

    a co

    llect

    ors

    esta

    blis

    h up

    date

    d, s

    tand

    aith

    zed,

    con

    sist

    ent

    cate

    gori

    es f

    or r

    ace/

    ethn

    icity

    so

    data

    rep

    orte

    dw

    ill b

    e m

    ore

    accu

    rate

    , sen

    sitiv

    e an

    d us

    eful

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    com

    pari

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    betw

    een

    grou

    ps.

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    mun

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    ader

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    ong

    peop

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    chi

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    ass

    ure

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    chi

    ldre

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    ture

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    thni

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    l as

    by c

    ount

    y.

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    cent

    Chi

    ldre

    n E

    ligib

    le fo

    r S

    choo

    l Mea

    ls

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    al s

    choo

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    tric

    ts h

    ave

    been

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    fede

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    n re

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    UT

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    KID

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    pre

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    pend

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    scho

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    eals

    for

    mor

    e th

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    alf

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    utri

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    l int

    ake

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    vers

    ity S

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    ritio

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    ldre

    n in

    poo

    r fa

    mili

    es a

    re m

    ore

    likel

    y th

    anot

    her

    child

    ren

    to r

    etur

    n fr

    om s

    choo

    ls to

    hom

    esw

    here

    kitc

    hen

    cupb

    oard

    s an

    d re

    frig

    erat

    ors

    stan

    dem

    pty,

    esp

    ecia

    lly d

    urin

    g th

    e la

    st te

    n da

    ys o

    r tw

    ow

    eeks

    of

    each

    mon

    th. S

    tudi

    es h

    ave

    show

    n th

    atch

    roni

    c hu

    nger

    has

    long

    -las

    ting

    effe

    cts

    onph

    ysic

    al a

    nd c

    ogni

    tive

    deve

    lopm

    ent.

    Hun

    gry

    child

    ren

    ofte

    n ha

    ve a

    har

    d tim

    e st

    ayin

    gm

    otiv

    ated

    to p

    ay a

    ttent

    ion

    in c

    lass

    or

    to g

    etex

    cite

    d ab

    out l

    earn

    ing.

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    ger

    and

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    nut

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    n al

    so ta

    ke a

    toll

    on a

    child

    's a

    bilit

    y to

    res

    ist c

    olds

    , flu

    , and

    oth

    erin

    fect

    ious

    dis

    ease

    s. P

    reve

    ntio

    n of

    man

    y se

    riou

    spr

    oble

    ms

    - an

    emia

    , for

    exa

    mpl

    e -

    has

    been

    mad

    e po

    ssib

    le th

    roug

    h ea

    rly

    child

    hood

    nut

    ritio

    n;th

    is h

    as b

    een

    dem

    onst

    rate

    d na

    tionw

    ide

    by th

    eW

    omen

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    ants

    & C

    hild

    ren

    Spec

    ial S

    uppl

    e-m

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    l Foo

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    ogra

    ms

    (WIC

    ). F

    or th

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    easo

    n,da

    ta o

    n W

    IC a

    re in

    clud

    ed o

    n pa

    ge 1

    0.

    The

    nee

    d fo

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    ore

    stud

    ies

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    e su

    spec

    ted

    rela

    tions

    hips

    bet

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    n ke

    y ed

    ucat

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    l pro

    blem

    s,su

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    hool

    dro

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    sch

    ool f

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    alth

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    ildre

    nha

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    en r

    ecog

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    utur

    e is

    sues

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    this

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    ill r

    epor

    t on

    thes

    e st

    udie

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    are

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    blic

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    We

    also

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    w th

    e nu

    mbe

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    nditi

    on o

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    ildre

    n w

    ho a

    re a

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    lly r

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    ot m

    erel

    ynu

    mbe

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    ose

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