Provocation: Rural development through Entrepreneurial
Opportunity Dr Robert Newbery Associate Professor for
Entrepreneurship and Development Plymouth University
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What is to be sustained?
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Rural in Context (European Union) Fundamental changes in rural
areas Primary sectors declining Manufacturing, Tourism and Services
increasing (PIU, 1999) Footloose nature of enterprise (Woods 2005)
Counter-urbanisation (Champion, 2007) Traditional focus on farming
Common Agriculture Policy Excluded domains (Alsos et al. 2011)
Primacy of non-farm sectors Experience economy
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A Differentiated Countryside Rurality is not a homogenous
phenomenon (Lowe and Ward, 2003) A Differentiated Countryside
Typology Preserved Contested Paternalistic Clientelist (Murdoch et
al. 2003) What is to be sustained? It depends on who you ask.
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What is to be developed? Equality of opportunity Approaches Top
down Bottom up Mixed Exogenous model Post-war Urban centres =
growth poles Rurally destructive (Lowe et al. 1995)
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What is to be developed? Equality of opportunity Approaches Top
down Bottom up Mixed Endogenous model 1970s Local people,
mobilising local resources Suits local needs and circumstances
Sticky (ibid) Ignores role of external flows and resource as
catalyst (Snowdon 2003)
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Neo-endogenous development model endogenous-based development
in which extra-local factors are recognised and regarded as
essential but which retains belief in the potential of local areas
to shape their future (Ray, 2001:4) New-Rural Paradigm Brokerage
critical In-migrants are drivers of economic development
(Stockdale, 2006) Importance of embedding (Atterton et al. 2011)
HEI is key site for in- migrants
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What is sustainable development in the rural (EU) context?
Locally interpreted Exogenous and endogenous interaction Evolving
co-production of the commons
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What entrepreneurial actions need be supported Sites for
embedding extra-local within local Alertness / openness amongst
locals towards opportunity and new relationships Accessible local
knowledge A key role for regional Universities? How can
entrepreneurial education promote this agenda?