PROTECTED FATS ENERGY VALUES - Norel · PROTECTED FATS ENERGY VALUES Techincal Department Norel S.A. (Spain) MAGNAPAC® is a calcium salt of free fatty acids. As a rumen protected

Technical bulletin no. 10

PROTECTED FATS ENERGY VALUESTechincal Department Norel S.A. (Spain)

MAGNAPAC® is a calcium salt of free fatty acids. As a rumen protected fat, it is not dissociated until it reaches the abomasum, where low pH make fatty acids available

RANGE OF PRODUCTS: CHOOSING THE MOST SUITABLE FAT IN RUMINANT DIETS

MAGNAPAC®/BY-FAT®

INTRODUCTION

Early lactation cows naturally have limitations on dry matter intake and do not consume enough feed to meet the nutrient demands for milk production

It is important to manage the herd properly to maximize the energy intake and minimize the negative energy balance for a profitable dairy operation

In order to deal with this situation, the use of fat supplements is widespread, since they increase the energy density of the diet (fat contains 2.25 times the energy of carbohydrates, McDonald et al., 2010) without jeopardizing rumen’s health (unlike high energy diets based on carbohydrates)

However, unsaturated fats (either from vegetal or animal origin) depress fiber digestion (by physical coating of the feed particles) and are toxic to rumen bacteria. On the contrary, by-pass fats avoid these problems

MAGNAPAC® Fatty Acid Profile (%)

C14:0 1.5

C16:0 50

C18:0 6

C18:1 35

Digestibility is a key factor to take into account when choosing fat supplements, since it has great consequences on feed efficiency. In this regard, the table showed belo w summarizes a review of digestibility values for calcium salts. As it can be observed, the average digestibility under recommended inclusion levels -3% and lower- almost reaches 95%

Digestibility Inclusion (%) Reference

Calcium Salt

100 3 Schauff et al. 1992

92.5 1.7 Weiss et al. 2004

91.8 3 Schauff et al. 1992

87.5 3.4 Weiss et al. 2004


83.5 5.6 Aldrich et al. 1997


92.5 1.7 Weiss et al. 2004

91.8 3 Schauff et al. 1992

Average 85.78 %Average at level of

inclusion <3%94.77 %

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• Fat Content = 84%

• Gross Energy (GE) = 840 g/kg x 9.33 Mcal/kg (vegetable fat value) = 7,837 Mcal/kg

• Digestibility Coefficient (DC) = 90% (as we obtained)

• Digestible Energy (DE) = ME = 7,837 x 0.9 = 7,053 Mcal/kg

• Moving towards ME, it is timely to remind that no energy is lost as methane or urine, so metabolizable energy is assumed to be equal to digestible energy when dealing with fats. Then, DE = ME

MAGNAPAC®: 100% free fatty acids Total digestibility = 90%

MAGNAPAC PLUS® is a calcium salt of free fatty acids which includes protected methionine, the first limiting amino acid for milk production. Protected methionine helps to avoid the protein dilution effect that is commonly observed when milk yield is increased

The digestibility coefficient for MAGNAPAC PLUS® is similar to that of MAGNAPAC®

coefficient

Digestibility calculation

Energy values in ruminants

Composition (%)Crude Fat 84

Calcium 9

Ashes 13.5Maximum moisture 3.5


The efficiency value to obtain NEl and NEm from ME is 82% and 78%, respectively (Vermorel et al., 1986). Therefore:

NEl = 5,783 Mcal/Kg = 24.17 MJ/KgNEm = 5,501 Mcal/Kg = 23 MJ/Kg

UFL = 3.34 UFL/kgUFC = 2.96 UFC/kg

MAGNAPAC PLUS®

MAGNAPAC PLUS®Fatty Acid Profile (%)

C14:0 1.5C16:0 50

C18:0 6C18:1 35C18:2 8

MAGNAPAC®: 100% free fatty acids Total digestibility = 90%

Methionine content does not affect fat’s digestibility

NOTE: In trials, a digestibility coefficient value of 94% was found. However, in order to both provide useful values for higher levels in inclusion and to include a safety margin for the calculations, 90% will be used


90% was used instead of the abovementioned 94.77% in order to be be cautious and provide useful digestibility values even when the level of inclusion is higher than 3%

• NEl (Net Energy of lactation) = 7,053 Mcal/kg x 0.82 = 5,783 Mcal/kg

• NEm (Net Energy of meat) = 7,053 Mcal/kg x 0.78 = 5,501 Mcal/kg

• UFL (kcal/kg) = NEl (kcal/kg)/ 1,730 (Kcal/UFL) = 3.34 UFL/kg

• UFM (kcal/kg) = NEm (kcal/kg)/ 1,855 (Kcal/UFM) = 2.96 UFC/kg

EFFECTS & RECOMMENDATIONS

These facts make MAGNAPAC® highly energetic (NEL) and one of the worldwide

most used products for dairy production. Magnapac have proven to improve major

reproductive indices and milk yield of high producing dairy cows during early

lactation. Moreover, fattening calves holdings also benefit from its use

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Methionine 6

Calcium 9Ashes 12.5

Maximum moisture 3.5


• GE (Gross energy) = 780 g/kg x 9.33 Mcal/kg (vegetable fat value) + 6 g/kg x 5.65 Mcal/Kg (methionine value) = 7,616 Mcal/kg

• DC (Digestibility Coefficient) = 90% (as we obtained)

• DE (Digestible Energy) = 7,616 x 0.90 = 6,854 Mcal/kg

The efficiency value to obtain NEl from ME depends on fat and protein. Fat energy use coefficient is 82% and, protein energy use coefficient is 70%, therefore:

• NE (Net Energy) = ME x (78/84 x 0.82 + 6/84 x 0.70) = 6,801 x 0.81 = 5,515 Mcal/Kg

• NEm (Net Energy of meat) = NEm = 7,053 Mcal/Kg x 0.78 = 5,501 Mcal/Kg

• UFL (kcal/kg) = NEl (kcal/Kg) /1,730 (Kcal/UFL) = 3.34 UFL/Kg

• UFM (kcal/kg) = NEm (kcal/Kg) /1,855 (Kcal/UFM) = 2.96 UFC/Kg

• ME (Metabolic Energy) = DE x 0.95 = 7,159 x 0.90 = 6,801 Mcal/Kg

MAGNAPAC PLUS® content in methionine (6%) makes it necessary to carry out some corrections when ME is calculated

NEl = 5,515 Mcal/kg = 23.1 MJ/kgNEm = 5,501 Mcal/kg = 23 MJ/kg


HIDROPALM®

HIDROPALM® is composed of hydrogenated fatty acids (85 % free fatty acids, 15 % triglycerides). Both fatty acids chain length and their degree of saturation affect product’s melting point and then its digestibility. As its chain length decreases, so does its melting point. The higher the proportion of saturated fatty acids in a product, the higher will be its melting point, and the lower will be its digestibility

HIDROPALM®Fatty Acid Profile (%)

C14:0 1-2C16:0 45-50

C18:0 42-47C18:1 2-8C18:2 -

Digestibility for hydrogenated fatty acids

Digestibility Inclusion (%)

Reference

Hydrogenated fat

76 2.2 Wu et al. 1994

74.8 2.5 Wu et al. 1993

74 3 Chan et al. 1997

63 3.7 Grummer et al. 1988

69 4.4 Wu et al. 1994


67 5 Harvatine et al. 2006

Average 85.78Average at level of inclusion

<3% 94.77

Digestibility average of hydrogenated fatty acid is 70%

EFFECTS & RECOMMENDATIONS MAGNAPAC PLUS® not only bring MAGNAPAC®’s benefits, but also improves body condition score and reproductive performance (Ben Salem & Bouraoui, 2.008)


HIDROPALM®: 85% free fatty acids, 15% triglycerides Total digestibility = 70%




Free fatty acids 85

Maximum moisture 1



• GE (Gross Energy) = 990 g/kg x 9. 33 Mcal/kg (vegetable fat value) = 9,236 Mcal/kg


• DE (Digestible Energy) = ME = 9,236 x 0.7 = 6,465 Mcal/kg

• Both energies are equal, DE = ME, due to fats are not lost through neither urine nor methane

The efficiency value to obtain NEl and NEm from ME is 82% and 78%, respectively (Vermorel et al., 1986). So that:



• UFL (kcal/kg) = NEl (kcal/kg)/1,730 (Kcal/UFL) = 3.06 UFL/kg

• UFM (kcal/kg) = NEm (kcal/kg)/1,855 (Kcal/UFM) = 2.72 UFC/kg

NEl = 5,301 Mcal/Kg = 22.15 MJ/kgNEm = 5,043 Mcal/Kg = 21.06 MJ/kg

UFL = 3.06 UFL/kgUFC = 2.72 UFC/Kg

BETAPAC®

BETAPAC® is a calcium salt of hydrogenated fatty acids. BETAPAC’s fatty acid profile makes this fat specially appropriate for finishing ruminants due to its effect on carcass quality

BETAPAC®Fatty Acid Profile (%)

C16:0 50

C18:0 25C18:1 20C18:2 3

The digestibility coefficient of the different fatty acids depends on whether they are free fatty acids or triglycerides. In BETAPAC®, saturated fatty acids (75 %) prevail over unsaturated ones (25%)

BETAPAC®: 100% free fatty acids Total digestibility = 90%




• GE (Gross Energy) = 840 g/kg x 9.33 Mcal/kg (vegetable fat value) = 7,837 Mcal/kg




Calcium 9

Ashes 13.5Maximum moisture 3.5

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EFFECTS & RECOMMENDATIONS

The low presence of unsaturated fatty acids provides with more solid carcass fat, which valued by nutritionist and

slaughterhouse in beef production, and has been proven to maintain the organoleptic characteristics of the meat

(Partida et al., 2007)


The efficiency value to obtain NEl and NEm from ME is 82% and 78%, respectively (Vermorel et al., 1986). Therefore:



• UFL (kcal/kg) = NEl (kcal/kg) /1,730 (Kcal/UFL) = 3.32 UFL/kg

• UFM (kcal/kg) = NEm (kcal/kg) /1,855 (Kcal/UFM) = 2.96 UFC/kg

NEl = 7,053 Mcal/Kg = 22.15 MJ/kgNEm = 5,043 Mcal/Kg = 21.06 MJ/kg


BLANCAFAT P®

BLANCAFAT P® is a group of fats supplements with different concentrations of palmitic acid

BLANCAFAT P®Fatty Acid Profile (%)

C16:0 95

Average of digestibility of hydrogenated fatty acid is 70%



• Gross Energy (GE) = 990 g/kg x 9. 33 Mcal/kg (vegetable fat value) = 9,236 Mcal/kg

• Digestibility Coefficient (DC) = 70% (as we obtained)

• Digestible Energy (DE) = ME = 9,236 x 0.7 = 6,465 Mcal/kg


Free fatty acids 95

Maximum moisture 1

The efficiency value to obtain NEl and NEm from ME are 82% and 78%, respectively (Vermorel et al., 1986). So that:



• UFL (kcal/kg) = NEl (kcal/kg) /1,730 (kcal/UFL) = 3.06 UFL/kg

• UFM (kcal/kg) = NEm (kcal/kg) /1,855 (kcal/UFM) = 2.72 UFC/kg

NEl = 5,301 Mcal/kg = 22.15 MJ/kgNEm = 5,043 Mcal/kg = 21.06 MJ/kg



NEEDS & RECOMMENDATIONS

Its characteristics make it suitable for boh milk and meat production, showing good results on both carcass quality and meat’s sensory characteristics (Partida et al., 2007)

NEEDS & RECOMMENDATIONS The top one for milk fat %. Increase your milk quality and its added value

• As no energy is lost as methane or in urine, metabolizable energy is assumed to be equal to digestible energy when dealing with fats. Then, DE = ME



BETAPAC®Fatty Acid Profile (%)

C14:0 1-2

C16:0 50C18:0 30

There are few papers about the digestibility on this kind of fats. Weiss et al. (2004) published two different studies addressing the digestibility (among other aspects) of triglycerides rich in palmitic acid. As showed in the next table, different digestibility values have been published (some of them even below 40%, not showed here)

Fat source Dig. Inclusion (%) Reference

Hydrogenated fat

76 2.2 Wu et al. 1994

74.8 2.5 Wu et al. 1993

74 3 Chan et al. 1997


69 4.4 Wu et al. 1994


67 5 Harvatine et al. 2006

Average 85.78Average at level inclusion of

<3%94.77


• Fat Content = 99%. It is assumed that a triglyceride contents 90% of fat and 10% of glycerol (5,440 Mcal/Kg)

• GE (Gross Energy) = 0.99 x 900 g/kg x 9.33 Mcal/kg (vegetable fat value) + 100g/kg X 5,440 Mcal/kg (glycerol value) = 8,852 Mcal/kg




Free fatty acids 0

Triglycerides 100Maximum moisture 1

The efficiency value to obtain NEl and NEm from ME is 82%(Vermorel et al., 1986). Thus:


• UFL (kcal/kg) = NEl (kcal/kg)/1,730 (kcal/UFL) = 2.35 UFL/kg

NEl = 4,957 Mcal/kg = 22.15 MJ/kgUFL = 2.35UFL/kg

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NEEDS & RECOMMENDATIONS

Its saturated profile ensures the availability of its fatty

acids at the intestinal level, ready to be digested.

Moreover, its content on the palmitic acid positively

affect milk fat %

BLANCAFAT®

BLANCAFAT® is a rumen protected fat made of triglycerides. When it reaches the abomasum, it is dissociated into glycerol and fatty acids. It has been shown that glicerol increases micelle formation and then rises lipids digestibility



SUM

MA

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MA

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BLA

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Cru

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7884

9999

99

Gro

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7,83

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616

7,83

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236

9,23

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Dig

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90.

90.

90.

70.

70.

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5,78

45,

621

5,78

45,

301

5,30

14,

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NEL

(MJ)

24.2

23.5

24.2

22.2

22.2

17.0

UFL

(MJ)

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.1

3.1

2.3

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PROTECTED FATS ENERGY VALUES - Norel · PROTECTED FATS ENERGY VALUES Techincal Department Norel S.A. (Spain) MAGNAPAC® is a calcium salt of free fatty acids. As a rumen protected