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STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMSBBBBUILDINGUILDINGUILDINGUILDING OOOOVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEW
Proposed Elementary School
Reading, Pennsylvania
AEI Team 03-2013
Proposed Elementary School
Reading, Pennsylvania
AEI Team 03-2013
Max Becker, Structural Brandon Rupert, Structural Chong Sheng Feng, Mechanical Angie Veintimilla, Mechanical Michael Brown, Construction Tyler Donnell, Construction
BUILDING OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL SYSTEMSBBBBUILDINGUILDINGUILDINGUILDING OOOOVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEW
http://www.greencastle.k12.pa.us/Portals/0/District/SchBrd/SchoolBoard.jpg
Owner Goals
• Improve student performance
• Student and teacher happiness & comfort
• School as a center of the community
• Safety and security of students
• Future-proof
• Sustainable
Project Team Design Goals
• Promote active learning through effective design
• Maximize indoor environmental quality
• Create a community center while minimally impacting
student learning
• Create a secure environment for learning
• Flexible design for future adaptability and change
• Sustainable school as a teaching tool
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
CONCLUSIONS
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMSBBBBUILDINGUILDINGUILDINGUILDING OOOOVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEW
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Building Fast Facts
3-Story
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMSBBBBUILDINGUILDINGUILDINGUILDING OOOOVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEW
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Building Systems Summary
/http://spxcooling.com/en/profiles/the-mcw-cooling-tower
http://www.mcquay.com/McQuay/ProductInformation/WSHP/SmartSourceSingleStageVertical
Hybrid Geothermal System
Steel Frame w/ Shear Walls
Brick & Aluminum Panel Facade
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMSBBBBUILDINGUILDINGUILDINGUILDING OOOOVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEW
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Add-Alternatives
Separate Natatorium
http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/usa/pennsylvania/images/state-flag-pennsylvania.jpg
Hardened First Floor EnvelopeAssumption: Existing School Occupied
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMSBBBBUILDINGUILDINGUILDINGUILDING OOOOVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEW
↑
N
Competition Floor Plans and Orientation of the
Building stayed the same with only minor changes
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Additions & Changes
Green Roof Addition Elevated Recess Area
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMSBBBBUILDINGUILDINGUILDINGUILDING OOOOVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEW
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Design Comparison of North Façade Design Comparison of South Façade Cantilever removed, additional classroom space
and room for heat pump closets
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
Bullet-Resistant Glass
Check-In Desk w/
Emergency Button
CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMSBBBBUILDINGUILDINGUILDINGUILDING OOOOVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEWVERVIEW
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Site Security
Administration
Area Access
Front Entrance Planters
Separate Natatorium
1. Lobby
2. Locker Rooms
3.Mechanical Room
4. Equipment Room
5. Lifeguard/Admin Office
6. Glass Curtain Wall
7. Pool
8. Spectator Stands
CONCLUSIONS
LEED
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Total: 54 LEED Credits
BUILDING OVERVIEW
SSSSTRUCTURALTRUCTURALTRUCTURALTRUCTURAL SSSSYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Structural Systems
BUILDING OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013Geotechnical Report & Foundation Design
Geotechnical Report
• Site consists of “a very broad, moderately dissected valley
with a gently undulating surface with the southern half
having Karst Terrain.”
• 15 Sinkholes already present at the site
Foundation Design
• 3 options
• Using 10” dia. Concrete filled driven piles
• Pile caps
BUILDING OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013Geotechnical Report & Foundation Design
Geotechnical Report
• Site consists of “a very broad, moderately dissected valley
with a gently undulating surface with the southern half
having Karst Terrain.”
• 15 Sinkholes already mapped throughout the site
Foundation Design
• 3 options
• Using 10” dia. Concrete filled driven piles
• Pile caps
• 3 Grade Beam sizes throughout the building
• Retaining Walls
Grade Grade Grade Grade
BeamBeamBeamBeam
Depth Depth Depth Depth
((((ftftftft))))
Width Width Width Width
((((ftftftft))))
TopTopTopTop
ReinfReinfReinfReinf....
BottomBottomBottomBottom
Reinf.Reinf.Reinf.Reinf.
ShearShearShearShear
ReinfReinfReinfReinf....
GB-1 2’-0” 1’-6” (2)#9 (4)#9 #3 @ 9”
GB-2 1’-6” 1’-3” (2)#6 (3)#6 #3 @ 7”
GB-B 2’-6” 1’-6” (2)#9 (3)#9 #3 @ 7”
BUILDING OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013Gravity Structure Design
• Gravity Loads
• Dead Loads
• Live Loads
• Snow Load
Load TypeLoad TypeLoad TypeLoad Type Load Load Load Load
(PSF)(PSF)(PSF)(PSF)
DescriptionDescriptionDescriptionDescription
Floor Dead
Load
60 2” metal deck with 3.5”
concrete topping and
MEP allowances
Roof Dead
Load
30 1.5” Roof Deck + MEP
allowances and roofing
mat’l.
Green Roof
Dead Load
65 2 PSF plant load, 50 psf
soil load, 3 psf drainage
and vapor barrier, and
10 psf for roofing
material
Load TypesLoad TypesLoad TypesLoad Types Load (PSF)Load (PSF)Load (PSF)Load (PSF)
Floor LL 100
Roof LL 20
Stage Roof LL* 58
BUILDING OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013Gravity Structure Design
• Gravity Loads
• Composite Steel Design w/ Wide Flange Beams &
Girders• Beam sizes range from W8-W30
• Gravity Columns:
• W10x49, W12x56, & HSS16x12x5/16 (gym)
• Beam depths only restricted in corridors
BUILDING OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013Gravity Structure Design
• Gravity Loads
• Composite Steel Design w/ Wide Flange Beams &
Girders• Beam sizes range from W8-W30
• Gravity Columns:
• W10x49, W12x56, & HSS16x12x5/16 (gym)
• Beam depths only restricted in corridors
• Roof Structure
BUILDING OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013Gravity Structure Design
• Gravity Loads
• Composite Steel Design w/ Wide Flange Beams &
Girders• Beam sizes range from W8-W30
• Gravity Columns:
• W10x49, W12x56, & HSS16x12x5/16 (gym)
• Beam depths only restricted in corridors
• Roof Structure
• Natatorium Structure
BUILDING OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013Lateral Systems Design
Main School Seismic Design
Criteria
Occ. Cat. III
Importance Factor 1.25
Site Class C
R factor Ord.
Reinf. Conc. Shear
walls
5
Seismic Design
Category
B
Building Wt. (k) 17500
Base Shear (k) 910
Main School Lateral System
• Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls
• Base Shear = 910 kips
BUILDING OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013Lateral Systems Design
Main School Seismic Design
Criteria
Occ. Cat. III
Importance Factor 1.25
Site Class C
R factor Ord.
Reinf. Conc. Shear
walls
5
Seismic Design
Category
B
Building Wt. (k) 17500
Base Shear (k) 910
Main School Lateral System
• Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls
• Base Shear = 910 kips
• Shear Walls located at Stairwells
and at Column Line O
BUILDING OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013Lateral Systems Design
Gym/Shelter Seismic Design
Criteria
Occ. Cat. IV
Importance Factor 1.5
Site Class C
R factor Ind. Comp.
Moment Frame
5
Seismic Design
Category
C
Building Wt. (k) 1328
Base Shear (k) 65
Brace Brace Brace Brace
FramesFramesFramesFrames
Cross Brace SizeCross Brace SizeCross Brace SizeCross Brace Size
1 HSS7X4X3/16
2 HSS7X4X3/16
3 HSS7X2X1/4
4 HSS8X6X5/8
Main School Lateral System
• Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls
• Base Shear = 910 kips
• Shear Walls located at Stairwells
and at Column Line O
Gymnasium Lateral System
• Isolated from main school
structure
• Intermediate Composite
Moment Frame
BUILDING OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013Gymnasium/Shelter/Shelter Roof Design
Gymnasium/Shelter Design
• FEMA Shelter Design
• Stage Design
• Designed to support High School caliber
theater production
• Building as a center of the community
BUILDING OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013Building Security
Gymnasium/Shelter Design
• FEMA Shelter Design
• Stage Design
Bullet-Resistant Façade Design
• Areas requiring stronger facade
• Add-Alternate
BUILDING OVERVIEW
CONCLUSIONS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Mechanical Systems
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL SYSTEMSBUILDING OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Mechanical Goals:
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
BUILDING OVERVIEW
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSIONSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Mechanical Goals:
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Climate Zone Building Envelope
Min. Roof
Insulation
R-Value
Min. Wall
Insulation
R-Value
Fenestration
Assembly
Max. U-
Value
Fenestration
Max. SHGC
Non-Heated
Slab on Grade
Floor Min.
Insulation
Required R-20 R-13 0.45 0.4 NR
Designed R-20 R-13 0.45 0.4 NR
Compliance Achieved Achieved Achieved Achieved Achieved
Reading, PA
BUILDING OVERVIEW
CONCLUSIONS
System Selection Final Selection
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Restrains
Ground Source Heat Pump System
• Renewable energy source and energy efficient
• Low cost of operation
• No natural gas usage
• Long service life.
• Load Profile
• Site and Budget Restrictions
Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump System
Qa—Building Design
Block Load (BTU/h)
Required Length
(Linear ft.)
# of Boreholes
(300ft Deep)
Field Area
(ft2)
Cooling 2,024,300 52,382 87 30,400
Heating 1,320,300 31,821 55 18,100
Future Proof – Boiler connection
BUILDING OVERVIEW
CONCLUSIONS
System Selection
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Restrains
Ground Source Heat Pump System
• Renewable energy source and energy efficient
• Low cost of operation
• No natural gas usage
• Long service life.
• Load Profile
• Site and Budget Restrictions
Qa—Building Design
Block Load (BTU/h)
Required Length
(Linear ft.)
# of Boreholes
(300ft Deep)
Field Area
(ft2)
Cooling 2,024,300 52,382 87 30,400
Heating 1,320,300 31,821 55 18,100
Energy Consumption (kWh)
Baseline Proposed
Primary heating 58,656 13,675
Cooling Compressor 114,781 54,561
Other Cooling Accessories — 31
Pumps — 14,199
Lighting 58,5269 585,269
Receptacles 23,615 23,615
Total 782,260 691,350
14% energy savings
Energy Consumption
BUILDING OVERVIEW
CONCLUSIONS
System Selection
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Restrains
Ground Source Heat Pump System
• Renewable energy source and energy efficient
• Low cost of operation
• No natural gas usage
• Long service life.
• Load Profile
• Site and Budget Restrictions
Qa—Building Design
Block Load (BTU/h)
Required Length
(Linear ft.)
# of Boreholes
(300ft Deep)
Field Area
(ft2)
Cooling 2,024,300 52,382 87 30,400
Heating 1,320,300 31,821 55 18,100
$2,000,000.00
$2,500,000.00
$3,000,000.00
$3,500,000.00
$4,000,000.00
$4,500,000.00
$5,000,000.00
$5,500,000.00
$6,000,000.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Tota
l P
rese
nt
Va
lue
Years
Life Cycle Analysis
Baseline
Design
Life Cycle Analysis
BUILDING OVERVIEW
CONCLUSIONS
Thermal ZonesVentilation
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Distribution System
Heat Pumps with Dedicated Outdoor Air System First Floor
Second Floor
Third Floor
ZoneZoneZoneZone Serving AreaServing AreaServing AreaServing Area Size (Ton)Size (Ton)Size (Ton)Size (Ton) O.A. CFMO.A. CFMO.A. CFMO.A. CFM Required O.A.Required O.A.Required O.A.Required O.A. 30% 30% 30% 30%
ComplianceComplianceComplianceCompliance
1 Multipurpose Room RTU1– Cafeteria
Side
25 ton 18,200 14,000 YES
2 Multipurpose Room RTU2—Gym Side 15 ton 5,200 4,000 YES
3 Kitchen Make-up Air/Exhaust Unit 2.5 ton 495 380 YES
4 Clinic– Indoor AHU1 1.5 ton 435 335 YES
5 Administration & Offices– Indoor AHU2 2 ton 415 320 YES
6 1st Floor Classrooms– Indoor AHU3 13 ton 4,284 3,295 YES
7 1st & 2nd Floor– RTU1 14 ton 5,079 3,907 YES
8 2nd & 3rd Floor– RTU2 27 ton 18,400 14,150 YES
9 2nd & 3rd Floor– RTU3 11.5 ton 4,870 3,746 YES
BUILDING OVERVIEW
CONCLUSIONS
Acoustic ConcernSummer Design Condition
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Typical Classroom
↑↑↑↑
Exposed Ceiling
Typ. Classroom
10
’-7”
↑
Drop Ceiling
Typ. Corridor
1. Outdoor Condition
87.9oF Dry Bulb, 72.1oF Wet
Bulb
2. Classroom Condition
75oF Dry Bulb, 50% RH
3. Supply Air Condition
Space A – Sound
Levels dB
Desired NC
(Noise Criteria)
Libraries, classrooms 35-45 30-40
Laboratories, shops 40-50 35-45
Gyms, multipurpose,
corridors40-55 35-50
Kitchens 45-55 40-55
14
’-0”
9’-2
”
1111
22223333
BUILDING OVERVIEW
CONCLUSIONSSTRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Multipurpose Room Other Spaces
ClinicClinicClinicClinic
Admin. & Admin. & Admin. & Admin. &
CorridorCorridorCorridorCorridor
KitchenKitchenKitchenKitchenAHU#1AHU#3
AHU#2
BUILDING OVERVIEW
CONCLUSIONS
Cooling Tower
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013 Equipment Location CoordinationKitchen Exhaust Multipurpose Room Rooftop Units
1
2
BUILDING OVERVIEW
CONCLUSIONS
Natatorium
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Type of Pool Air Temp. °F RH % Water Temp. °F
Recreational 75 to 85 50 to 60 75 to 85
Therapeutic 80 to 85 50 to 60 85 to 95
Competition 78 to 85 50 to 60 76 to 82
Diving 80 to 85 50 to 60 80 to 90
Whirlpool Spa 80 to 85 50 to 60 97 to 104
Pool Load Calculation
Load= 0.1*pool area* vapor pressure * use factor
Water Temp. 80 F
Air Temp. 82 F
RH 60 %
Pool Area 3680 ft2
Use Factor 0.9
Water Vapor Pressure 1.033 In. Hg
Air Vapor Pressure 0.62 In. Hg
delta vapor pressure 0.413 In. Hg
Pool load 140 lbs/hr
20 ton dehumidifier, 4,500 CFM
BUILDING OVERVIEW
CONCLUSIONSSTRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Structural Conclusions
• Efficient, economical design-use of deeper
lighter beams
• Future-proof-100 PSF Live Load
• Support the community-Stage design and
natatorium
• Increase safety-Strengthened facade
Project Conclusions
• Student/teacher happiness & comfort –natural light,
thermal comfort, noise control
• School as center for community – stage design, clinic,
shelter, separate natatorium
• Safety & security – planters, strengthened façade
• Future-proof – live load, classroom layout
• Sustainable – LEED Silver
Mechanical Conclusions
• Good indoor air quality- ASHRAE 62.1 ventilation
rates
• Thermal Comfort – Heat pumps in every classroom
• Minimize noise disruption – 35NC for classrooms
• Energy efficient – geothermal system
• Sustainable – 21 LEED credits
BUILDING OVERVIEW
CONCLUSIONSBUILDING OVERVIEW STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
AEI Team 03-2013AEI Team 03-2013
Q & A