PROMOTING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION: THE JOURNEY

SO FAR FROM POLICY AND REGULATION TO IMPLEMENTATION

A.K. OFOSU AHENKORAH

PRESENTATION OUTLINE• Ghana’s development policy & challenges facing the energy sector

• Energy sector policy framework: objectives & actions – the energy efficiency option

• Historical events leading to adoption of energy efficiency & conservation policy

• Institutional arrangement for energy efficiency

• ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION programs & INTERVENTIONS –achievements, challenges

• The potential of standards and labels as a tool for energy saving – 1998 study & the Ghana EXPERIENCE WITH STANDARDS AND LABELS room air conditioner standard -2001

• The era of EFFICIENT LIGHTING

• Renewable energy initiatives – 200,000 rooftops

• Next steps – SOLAR EFFICIENT APPLIANCE & ENDORSEMENT LABEL

GHANA’S DEVELOPMENT POLICY & CHALLENGES FACING THE ENERGY SECTOR

• ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLICY GOALS • BRINGING DOWN THE COST OF LIVING

• CREATING JOBS

• PROVISION OF AFFORDABLE HEALTH CARE

• IMPROVE ACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATION

• POVERTY REDUCTION

• CHALLENGES FACING THE ENERGY SECTOR• HIGH DEMAND GROWTH

• INSUFFICIENCY IN HYDRO POWER GENERATION

• INADEQUATE FUEL FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTS

• HIGH COST OF THERMAL POWER

• SUPPLY – DEMAND IMBLANCE – IMPORTS

• DETERIORATED DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE

• OPERATIONAL INEFFICIENCIES IN THE ENERGY SECTOR COMPANIES

• OVER-RELIANCE ON WOOD FUELS

• INEFFICIENT PRICING OF ENERGY SERVICES ……

• HIGH LEVELS OF ENERGY END-USE INEFFICIENCY!

GHANA’S ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION POLICY – CHARACTERISTICS

OF GHANA ECONOMY -1

▪ Annual growth in demand for fuelwood and charcoal is estimated at 3%.

▪ Electricity demand is growing between 6%-7%

▪ Petroleum product demand is estimated to increase at about 5% per

annum.

▪ Losses in the production, transportation and use of energy are high.

GHANA’S ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION POLICY – CHARACTERISTICS

OF GHANA ECONOMY -2

▪ System losses in electricity distribution are about 25%, with wastage in

the end-use of electricity also estimated at about 30%. (2007).

▪ Energy efficiency and conservation can help mitigate these high growth

rates.

▪ Reduction of losses in energy supply and more efficient use of energy

would also mitigate the demand for energy.

ELECTRICITY DEMAND FORECAST 2007 (SOURCE VRA MASTER PLAN 2007)

Electricity Generation Capacity

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

Year

MW Thermal

Hydro

Installed capacity as at December 2015 was 3,656 MW,

compared with forecast of 3500MW by 2020

TRENDS IN PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

kto

e

Year

Natural Gas

Hydro

Oil

Wood

TRENDS IN FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

0.0

1,000.0

2,000.0

3,000.0

4,000.0

5,000.0

6,000.0

7,000.0

8,000.0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

kto

e

Year

Electricity

Petroleum

Biomass

TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

GW

h

Year

Solar

Thermal

Hydro

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BY CONSUMER CLASS

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

GW

h

Year

Street Lighting

Industrial

Non-Residential

Residential

ENERGY EFFICIENCY & CONSERVATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO POWER PRODUCTION

• Reduces cost to consumer

• Saved energy can be sold to another consumer, utility investment in

new power infrastructure could be delayed (cost saving to utility)

• Industries become more competitive

• Resources could be channelled to other sectors of economy

• Favourable environmental impact

• It is cheaper to conserve than to produce

• BUT ENERGY EFFICIENCY GAP EXISTS DUE TO MARKET IMPERFECTIONS

POLICY GOAL

Government is committed to ensuring efficient production and

transportation, as well as end-use efficiency and conservation of

energy.

Challenge

The challenge is to promote and finance energy conservation and

efficiency.

POLICY DIRECTION - 1

• Establish appropriate pricing regime for energy services that would

provide incentives to domestic and industrial consumers to voluntarily

manage their energy consumption;

• Develop and implement programmes and measures to help consumers

optimise their energy use;

POLICY DIRECTION - 2

• Support a sustained and comprehensive public education and

awareness creation campaign on the methods and benefits of

energy conservation; and

• Promote the establishment of centres of energy efficiency.

Electricity

• Discontinue, through legislation, the local production, importation

and use of inefficient electricity consuming equipment and

appliances.

HISTORICAL EVENTS LEADING TO THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY & CONSERVATION PROGRAMME

• 1975 ARAB OIL EMBARGO – WORLDWIDE

• 1979 – NIGERIAN OIL EMBARGO – AFFECTED ONLY GHANA

• 1983-84, DROUGHT, BUSHFIRES, POWER SHORTAGE

• 1985 – MINISTRY OF FUEL & POWER REPORT ON ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

• 1985 – NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD ESTABLISHED, ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMME INITIATED

THE NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD (NEB) (PNDC LAW 62), 1985

• Established in 1985 to advise the ministry of fuel and power and government on

overall national energy policy planning matters, leading to the rational

development and use of Ghana's energy resources.

• The functions of the board as set out in the enabling legislation were:

• To formulate overall policy on energy for consideration and approval by the

government,

• to assess the country's energy resources and monitor the operations of public

bodies responsible for energy development and utilization in Ghana;

• To secure a firm basis of comprehensive data and information on national energy

resource for decision making.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY & CONSERVATION PROGRAMME OF NEB

• The NEB was thus the first public entity to be charged with the responsibility for directing the

development and demonstration of Ghana's renewable energy resources, including fuel wood and

charcoal which together provide the bulk of the country's energy needs and propagating the

benefits of energy efficiency.

• ONE of the programmes of the NEB were:

• Efficiency & conservation programme designed to create awareness of the opportunities and

benefits of energy conservation; to achieve savings in energy consumption in all areas of energy

use; and to develop indigenous Ghanaian professional capability for identification and

implementation of energy saving measures.

THE ENERGY FUND

• To support the activities of the NEB, the government instituted a special "energy fund made up of

levies on petroleum products and electricity, together with external donations and grants. The fund

was used to finance the NEB's operating budget and work programmes, particularly demonstration

and evaluation studies and projects on energy conservation, renewable energy and manpower

development.

HISTORICAL EVENTS

• 1985-86- FIRST PLANNED ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMME

• 1988 – UNDP, ESMAP, CIDA, NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD - INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMME

• 1991- NEB DISSOLVED, MINISTRY OF ENERGY TAKES OVER ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMME

• 1993-1994- REVIEW OF UNDP PROJECT AND SURVEY OF 100+ INDUSTRIES

HISTORICAL EVENTS

• 1994-POWER SHORTAGE – VRA-INDUSTRY DISPUTE

• 1995 – ESMAP-MINISTRY OF ENERGY PREPARATION FOR VRA -GHANA THERMAL PLANT PROJECT – ELECTRICITY DEMAND MANAGEMENT COMPONENT

HISTORICAL EVENTS

• 1995 – POWER SECTOR REFORM COMMITTEE FORMED

• 1996 – ESMAP –WORLD BANK STUDY TO PROMOTE ENERGY EFFICIENCY– ALLIANCE TO SAVE ENERGY

DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT (DSM) COMPONENT OF PSRP

• The GOG requested for the IDA credit (as part of the Takoradi project) so as to enable it

implement an expanded programme on energy efficiency improvements in the industrial and

commercial sectors (MME, 1994).

• World bank acceded to the GoG’s request and granted an IDA credit of us$ 4 million for the DSM

component, which was to be implemented over a three-year period at an estimated cost of us$

8.5 million.

• Objective of DSM programme:

• To assist Ghana to develop and implement market-based strategies and programmes to promote

and sustain the application of electricity efficiency and conservation measures at the end-use level.

• Originally implemented by the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) of the MME, the DSM component

was transferred to the Energy Foundation (EF) – a quasi-public set up. Established in November

1997 (collaboration between MME, PEF)

ENERGY FOUNDATION

• Established in 1997 as part of Power Sector Reform to promote Energy Efficiency

& Conservation

• Implementing the energy efficiency & conservation programme originally initiated

by the national energy board but in a more focused and stakeholder

participatory manner, in collaboration with the Private Sector.

THE ENERGY FOUNDATION

• THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE EF:

• To promote sustainable development of energy resources and efficient consumption of energy in all its

forms;

• To educate consumers through publicity campaigns, educational programmes and seminars about the

rights and responsibilities of consumers, benefits of reducing energy waste

• To advocate policies that address customer service issues and promote national policies for sustainable

development of energy and adoption of energy-saving technologies;

• To strengthen the private sector to improve economic productivity by developing energy efficiency,

renewable energy and productive use of electricity programmes and businesses; and,

• To undertake other energy related research and development activities for itself and on behalf of

other entities.

POWER FACTOR SURCHARGE

• Power factor surcharge (PFS) (payable from January 1995) was designed to levy

a penalty which will be equivalent to 1% increase in maximum demand charge

for each 1% decrease in power factor below the minimum performance standard

of 0.95 (the standard was later reduced to 90%).

• PFS is avoidable - once a customer takes the necessary measures to correct the

surcharge is eliminated.

• Electricity demand management fund (EDMF) to be used to expedite the bulk

procurement and importation of the equipment.

1998 APPLIANCE OWNERSHIP STUDY• Implementing a European type minimum energy performance standard for refrigerators could

result in saving up to US$ 50 million by 2010 for consumers, and reduce carbon emissions over the

same period by 230,000 tonnes;

• A 10% saving in energy consumption for room air conditioners could save residential consumers

nearly US$ 8 million and reduce carbon emissions by 38,000 tonnes by 2010; and

• For lighting, saving 10% of the residential load through policy and regulation would translate into

US$ 6 million in consumer savings by 2010 for urban customers only. The carbon reductions in this

case will amount to 24,000 tonnes (Energy Foundation, 1999).

PENETRATION OF CFLS

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

No.of CFL

1998 1999 2001

CFLin 1000

ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS & LABELS – POTENTIAL SAVINGS BY 2010

• REFRIGERATORS.. $50MILLION

• CARBON EMISSIONS REDUCTION OF 230,000 TONS

• ROOM A/C ..10 % ENERGY SAVINGS EQUALS

• SAVINGS OF $8MILLION, CARBON EMISSIONS REDUCTION OF 38,000 TONNES

• LIGHTING: ..10% LOAD REDUCTION =$6M IN SAVINGS AND CARBON REDUCTION OF 24,000 TONNES.

• TOTAL SAVINGS POTENTIAL: US$64MILLION

• IMPLEMENTATION COST: US$3-5MILLION

HISTORICAL EVENTS

• 1997 – PURC, ENERGY COMMISSION, ENERGY FOUNDATION ESTABLISHED

• 1997 –1998 – COMMENCEMENT OF ACTIVITIES OF ALL THREE INSTITUTIONS

• 1998 – POWER CRISIS, LOAD MANAGEMENT, SAVE A WATT CAMPAIGN ETC.

HISTORICAL EVENTS

• 2002 – CFL DUTY WAIVER

• 2003 – DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS & LABELS

• 2003- GHANA- NETHERLANDS AIJ PROJECT ($240K)

• 2005 – FIRST LEGISLATION ON PF CORRECTION, STANDARDS AND LABELS FOR CFL, AC

HISTORICAL EVENTS

2006 – POWER SHORTAGE2007 – NATIONAL LIGHTING EFFICIENCY PROJECT2008- REFRIGERATOR STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

The Ghana Energy Efficiency Label,

RACs, CFLs

STANDARDS AND LABELS AS AN ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROMOTION TOOL

• EXPERIENCE FROM THE USA

US REFRIGERATOR STANDARDS

Annual

Ener

gy C

onsu

mpti

on (

kil

ow

att

hours

)

Market Push Market Pull

•Eliminate inefficient products from the market

•“Push” manufacturers to produce more

efficient appliances and lighting

•Stimulate consumer demand for energy

efficient products

•Help manufacturers of appliance and lighting

products to overcome investment and market

barriers

“RAISE THE FLOOR!” “RAISE THE CEILING!”

EFFECTIVE MARKET TRANSFORMATION IS THE ONLY WAY FORWARD

APPLIANCE STANDARDS FORCE DEPLOYMENTOF ENERGY-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY

13-Aug-07 Energy Consumption of Refrigerators in Ghana 7

Comparative Energy Use

y = 386.19x + 109.17

R2 = 0.6057

y = 176.23x + 75.288

R2 = 0.5358

y = 1246.5x + 543.1

R2 = 0.1409

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Exterior Volume (cubic meters)

En

erg

y U

se

(k

Wh

/ye

ar)

US (California) Ghana Europe (A++ rating) Proposed Standard

Linear (US (California)) Linear (Europe (A++ rating)) Linear (Ghana)

Energy Consumption in Refrigeration in Ghana, 2007

Appliance

Annual Energy Consumption, kWh/year

***** 5-

Star

**** 4-Star *** 3-Star ** 2-Star * 1-Star

Refrigerators and

Refrigerator/Freezers<250 250 – 300 300 – 350 350-400 400 – 500

Freezers <300 300-350 350-400 400 – 500 500 – 650

Proposed Standards for Refrigerators in Ghana, 2007

THE MORE STARS THE MORE EFFICIENT

3

Refrigerator/Freezer Type: zyx

Manufacturer: Logo Model No. : abc123

Fresh Food Volume l: XYZFrozen Food Volume l: XYZ

Refrigerant: Rxx

Climate Class: STCooling Star Rating: ****

*Actual consumption will depend on how the appliance is used and where it is located. Further information is contained in product brochures

Removal of this label before first retail purchase is an offence under LI 1541.

360Energy Consumption

kWh/yr*(Based on standard

test result for 24h)

The Ghana

Refrigerator

Energy

Efficiency

Label

LABELLING REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPORTATION OF NEW REFRIGERATORS, AIR CONDITIONERS AND COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS (CFLS)

Energy Commission : Telephone: 0302-813756 / 7, Email: info@energycom.gov.gh, Website: www.energycom.gov.gh

Ghana Standards Board: Telephone: 0302-500231, Email: info@gsb.gov.gh, Website: www.gsb.gov.gh

THE IMPORTATION OF UNLABELLED NEW REFRIGERATORS, AIR CONDITIONERS AND CFLs IS PROHIBITED BY

LAW

THE MORE STARS THE MORE EFFICIENT

3

Refrigerator/Freezer Type: zyx

Manufacturer: Logo Model No. : abc123

Fresh Food Volume l: XYZFrozen Food Volume l: XYZ

Refrigerant: Rxx

Climate Class: STCooling Star Rating: ****

*Actual consumption will depend on how the appliance is used and where it is located. Further information is contained in product brochures

Removal of this label before first retail purchase is an offence under LI 1541.

360Energy Consumption

kWh/yr*(Based on standard

test result for 24h)

THE MORE STARS THE MORE EFFICIENT

1

THIS MODEL’S EFFICIENCY

APP LIANCE : RO O M AIR CO NDIT IO NER TYP E: NO RE VERSE CYCLE LO UVE RED SIDESCO O LING C APACITY: 3.2 kW /hrM AN UFACT URER: C O M PANY BM O D EL: 4 321REF RIG ERA NT: R 22

* EER (Energy Efficiency Ra tio) is the me a sure of e ne rgy e fficie ncy for Air Conditione rs,

expresse d a s Wa tt of c ooling pe r Wa tt of e le ctric a l power input. Only models betwee n 2.5 a nd 11.5 kW/hr c ooling c apa city a nd with the sa me fe ature s are use d for this sc ale .

The given data a re a cc ording to Gha na Energy Efficiency La belling require me nts for

non-ducte d air c onditioners under Gha na Sta nda rd Number GS36 2.

* *Ba sed on 2, 000 hours use . Ac tua l consumption may va ry depending on a ctua l use of the product.

Re mova l of this la be l be fore first retail purc ha se is a n offe nce unde r LI 1 541

E N E RG Y C O N S UM P TIO N O F TH IS U N IT IS3,274 k Wh/yr**

THE MORE STARS THE MORE EFFICIENT

REFRIGERATORS AIR CONDITIONERS CFLs

ALL IMPORTED NEW REFRIGERATORS, AIR CONDITIONERS AND CFLs SHOULD BE PROPERLY LABELLED

IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF LIs 1958, LI 1970 & 1815

THE MORE STARS THE MORE EFFICIENT

3

Refrigerator/Freezer Type: zyx

Manufacturer: Logo Model No. : abc123

Fresh Food Volume l: XYZFrozen Food Volume l: XYZ

Refrigerant: Rxx

Climate Class: STCooling Star Rating: ****

*Actual consumption will depend on how the appliance is used and where it is located. Further information is contained in product brochures

Removal of this label before first retail purchase is an offence under LI 1541.

360Energy Consumption

kWh/yr*(Based on standard

test result for 24h)

Energy efficiency labels

• Economic Sustainability,

• Climate Change Mitigation and

• Energy Security

• If there is no Label, the Appliance is

probably not Good, Avoid it!

Importance of standards labelling

The dumping cycle

The face of standards labelling

HISTORICAL EVENTS

2010 – GHANA WINS EE GLOBAL AWARD FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY

THE EFFICIENT LIGHTING PROJECT 2007

The government of Ghana on the advice of the Energy Commission

procured and distributed for FREE 6million CFLs as direct replacement

of 6 million incandescent lamps as load reduction measure to reduce

impact of power shortages in Ghana in 2007

Ghana is the first country in Africa to take such action.

All 6 million lamps were distributed and installed in 3 months

OBJECTIVES OF LAMP PROJECT

Peak electricity demand reduction 200-220MW

Stabilisation of electricity grid system

Reduction of brownout and transformer

overloads

Reduction of diesel and other thermal generators

to supplement the existing power generation mix

Distribution of CFLs by Region

Region No. Of Bulbs installed

Greater Accra 2, 001, 346

Ashanti 993, 150

Western 670,069

Eastern 412, 000

Central 373, 000

Brong Ahafo 349, 500

Volta 352, 850

Northern 233, 800

Upper East 213, 200

Upper West 188, 700

Total 5, 807, 073

*Plus Allocation to MDA’s 221, 517 = 6,028,590(Total CFLs and T5’s)

Map below showing CFLs distribution by district where darker colours represent districts with higher allocations and lighter colours represents districts with lower allocations.

How it was done

National project implementation committee, chaired by the Minister

for Energy

Members:

▪ Executive Secretary – Energy Commission

▪ Chief Executive – Energy Foundation

HOW IT WAS DONE - 2

Bulk transportation – Energy Commission

Distribution –District Assemblies, using local youth, military, police,

prisons

Massive public education campaign

TRANSPORTATION

LAMP TRANSPORTATION

TRAINING REPLACEMENT GANGS

PUBLIC EDUCATION BILL BOARDS

PUBLIC EDUCATION

PROJECT LAUNCH

PROJECT LAUNCH

RETRIEVED INCANDESCENT LAMPS

RETRIEVED INCANDESCENT LAMPS

RESULTS

Peak saving of 124 MW

Energy saving of 452mwh per day or 162.7gwh per

annum

At US$120/bbl, energy cost saving is US$3.3million per

month or US$39.5million per annum.

Between October 2007 and June 2008 savings of

us$29.6million.

Co2 savings of 105,000tons per annum.

Factories established to produce CFLs in Ghana

y = 6.8034x + 916.74

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

Jan-05 Mar-05 May-05 Jul-05 Sep-05 Nov-05 Jan-06 Mar-06 May-06 Jul-06

Pe

ak

Lo

ad

(M

W)

Months

Monthly Averages of Ghana Peak Load MW (Jan 05 -Aug 06

Demand Growth before Efficient Lighting Project

y = 1.1865x + 1074.9

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

Oct-07 Nov-07 Dec-07 Jan-08 Feb-08 Mar-08 Apr-08 May-08 Jun-08 Jul-08

Pe

ak

Lo

ad

(M

W)

Months

Monthly Averages of Ghana Peak Load MW (Oct 07 - July 08

Demand Growth after Efficient Lighting Project

124MW

Effect of CFL on National Electricity Demand

2010 EE GLOBAL AWARD

HISTORICAL EVENTS

• 2011 – 2014 REFRIGERATOR EFFICIENCY PROJECT

REFRIGERATORSPOTENTIAL ENERGY SAVINGS

SURVEY RESULTS-1

• REFRIGERATOR, FREEZER SATURATION – 95%

• METROPOLITAN AREAS, ACCRA, KUMASI-95%

• OTHER URBAN AREAS – 94%

• RURAL AREAS – 2%

ENERGY USE

• REFRIGERATORS ACCOUNT FOR 25%-30% OF HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY

• HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY =50% OF TOTAL ELECTRICITY USED IN GHANA

• INDUSTRY – 35%

• COMMERCIAL – 15%

TYPE OF UNITS

• REF/FREEZER – 77%

• REF. ONLY – 10%

• FREEZER ONLY –13%

• 2-DOOR – 49%

• 1-DOOR- 51%

TYPE

• TOP MOUNT FREEZER –67%

• BOTTOM MOUNT FREEZER – 29%

• ICEBOX – 3%

• SIDE – 1%

DEFROSTING MECHANISM

• MANUAL DEFROST – 81%

• AUTOMATIC DEFROST – 19%

MANUFACTURERS

• SNOWCAP –8%

• SANYO - 12%

• SAMSUNG – 10%

• PHILLIPS – 22%

• INDESIT –15%

• BOSCH –33%

USAGE PATTERNS

• 90% - DOMESTIC USE

• 10 % - COMMERCIAL USE

NEVER UNPLUGGED – 59%

UNPLUGGED, JULY-SEPT – 10%

UNPLUGGED OCT-DEC – 29%

UNPLUGGED APRIL-JUNE-2%

FORECAST

• URBAN

• KWH/YR/REF =570KWH

• SATURATION – 95%

• HOUSEHOLDS-962,000

• % ANNUAL CHANGES IN STOCK

– 16%

• AVERAGE ANNUAL SHIPMENTS –

88,000/YR

• RURAL

• KWH/YR/REF =570KWH

• SATURATION – 2%

• HOUSEHOLDS –1,638,000

• % ANNUAL CHANGES IN STOCK – 16%

• AVERAGE ANNUAL SHIPMENTS –N/A/YR

FORECAST

• BY 2010, 140,000 REF. WILL BE SOLD IN GHANA

• STOCK – 1.8MILLION

ENERGY USE =1.8MILLION X570KWH

=1,026,000,000KWH

=1,026GWH

REFRIGERATOR EFFICIENCY PROJECT

2007 survey – average refrigerator in Ghana consumes

1,200kwh per annum

New efficiency standards limits to 650kwh/annum

• Potential saving per refrigerator is 550kwh/year

• Assume 1million out of 2.7million refrigerators are

removed in 3 years

• Saving is 550x1million =550,000,000kwh

• 324,000 tons of CO2 per annum

THE MORE STARS THE MORE EFFICIENT

3

Refrigerator/Freezer Type: zyx

Manufacturer: Logo Model No. : abc123

Fresh Food Volume l: XYZFrozen Food Volume l: XYZ

Refrigerant: Rxx

Climate Class: STCooling Star Rating: ****

*Actual consumption will depend on how the appliance is used and where it is located. Further information is contained in product brochures

Removal of this label before first retail purchase is an offence under LI 1541.

360Energy Consumption

kWh/yr*(Based on standard

test result for 24h)

The Ghana Refrigerator Energy Efficiency Label

Refrigerator with Label on Ghana Market

PUBLIC EDUCATION TOOLS

TREND OF REFRIGERATING APPLIANCE IMPORTS

COMBINED PRODUCT TABLES

GROUPING YEAR NEW USED TOTAL

AGGREGATED 2005 28,032 224,100 252,132

AGGREGATED 2006 39,996 296,057 336,053

AGGREGATED 2007 70,195 339,111 409,306

AGGREGATED 2008 88,930 315,096 404,026

AGGREGATED 2009 71,779 318,220 389,999

AGGREGATED 2010 90,593 373,012 463,605

AGGREGATED 2011 148,166 403,611 551,777

AGGREGATED 2012 169,610 419,145 588,755

AGGREGATED 2013 209,824 158,699 368,523

AGGREGATED 2014* 66,062 3,448 69,510

AGGREGATED GRAND TOTAL 983,187 2,850,499 3,833,686

BACK TO MENU

2011 IMPORT DUTY REMOVAL ON LED LAMPS

Government on the advice of the energy commission has in January

2011 removed import duty and VAT on all lighting made of LED.

LED is used in renewable energy and grid electricity applications

Standards and labels being developed for LED to protect consumers

from inferior products

HISTORICAL EVENTS

• 2014 – ECOWAS ADOPTS GHANA’S LIGHTING & LABELS INITIATIVE

• 2014 – 70MW DEMAND SAVINGS ACHIEVED BY VOLUNTARY TURNING OFF OF

REFRIGERATING APPLIANCES

• 2015 – LED LIGHTING STANDARDS AND DRAFT REGULATIONS DEVELOPED

SUMMARY OF RESULTS• Compliance to the labeling regime is very high - about 95%.

• The label is now a household information. Axiom of "no label no good" has actually sunk very well.

• Appetite of Ghanaians for energy efficient appliances raised. Shops do complain about difficulty in

selling one star rated fridges. Consumers want to buy appliances with more stars. The label has become

infectious. You can find it in the neighboring Benin.

• The rebate programme, designed as a special purpose vehicle to accelerate the injection of energy

efficient fridges into homes has yielded positive results. As at end of October 2014, 8,500 efficient

refrigerators have been exchanged for same amount of inefficient ones.

• The average consumption rate of 1,200kwh per year in 2006 has declined to 385kwh/year.

• Enforcement of the standards is high. In April 2014, the EC ordered a recall of a sub standard chest

freezers from the market. The importer was ordered to re-export the recalled and what he had in his

warehouse. A total of 2000 chest freezers were shipped out in July 2014.

• Challenges in enforcing the ban on importation of used refrigerating appliances. In spite of that,

between June 2013 and October 2014, over 24,000 units of used appliances have been seized and

destroyed at the ports.

SOME HISTORICAL ACHIEVEMENTS

• POWER FACTOR

• M&T

• IEAC

• BEMS

• MOTOR CENTERS

• LOAD MGT

• CAPACITY BLDG

• 30MVA REACTIVE POWER FREED* (PROJECT COMPLETED, PRIVATE SECTOR TAKE OVER)

• 10 SITES, 3 WEANED

• 18 AUDITS 40 STUDENTS TRAINED

• MOME PILOT – 10MILLION CEDIS IN 1999, 21% SAVINGS

• ASSOCIATION OF MOTOR REPAIRERS FORMED

• 75MW SAVINGS POTENTIAL- TOU, PURC TO INTRODUCE TARIFFS

• 54 PERSONS FROM 23 ORGANISATIONS TRAINED, GHAESCO FORMED, BANKS INTRODUCED TO ECO FINANCING, 3 BANKS HAVE SET UP ENERGY DESKS

NEXT STEPS

• 2016-LED RETROFITS EXPECTED TO REDUCE STREET LIGHTING LOAD FROM 100 MW TO 55MW

• 2016 – RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL LED RETROFIT

• 2016- 200,000 ROOFTOP SOLAR INITIATIVE

• 2016 – TIMER SWITCHES INITIATIVE

• BEYOND 2016 – REVIEW OF REFRIGERATOR STANDARDS AND DEVELOPMENT OF 18 NEW

STANDARDS

• INTRODUCTION OF SOLAR EFFICIENT ENDORSEMENT LABELS

Country : USA & International

Product : Computer, Monitor

Type of Label : Endorsement

Country : EUROPE

Product : Appliances

Type of Label : Eco-Label

THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT!!!

THANK YOU