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Project Termination. Types of terminations How and why projects terminate Typical termination activities Need for a project history. All Things Come to an End. Termination rarely has much impact on technical success or failure . . . But a huge impact on other areas - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Project Termination Types of
terminations How and why
projects terminate Typical
termination activities
Need for a project history
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All Things Come to an End . . . Termination rarely has much impact on
technical success or failure . . . But a huge impact on other areas
Residual attitudes toward the project (client, senior management, and project team)
Success of subsequent projects So it makes sense to plan and execute
termination with care
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When Do Projects Terminate? Upon successful completion, or . . . When the organization is no longer
willing to invest the time and cost required to complete the project, given its current status and expected outcome.
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Most Common Reasons Projects Terminate 1. Low probability of technical/commercial
success 2. Low profitability/ROI/market potential 3. Damaging cost growth 4. Change in competitive factors/market
needs 5. Unresolvable technical problems 6. Higher priority of competing projects 7. Schedule delays Source: Dean, 1968
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Decision Structure for a Termination Decision, Figure 13-1
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Four Varieties of Project Termination 1. “Termination by extinction”
Project has successfully completed, or it has failed
Natural passing, or “termination by murder”
Either way, project substance ceases, but much work needs to be done
Administrative Organizational
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Four Varieties of Termination (cont’d) 2. “Termination by addition”
The project becomes a formal part of the parent organization
People, material, facilities transition The example of Nucor
3. “Termination by integration” Project assets are distributed to and
absorbed by the parent
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Four Varieties of Termination (cont’d) 4. “Termination by starvation”
Withdrawal of “life support” Can save “face,” avoid
embarrassment, evade admission of defeat
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Typical Termination Activities In general, there are seven
categories of termination tasks. Examples of activities: 1. Personnel
Dealing with “trauma of termination” Finding “homes” for the team Who will “close the doors?”
2. Operations/Logistics/Manufacturing Rethinking systems Provisions for training, maintenance, spares
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Termination Activities (cont’d) 3. Accounting and Finance
Accounts closed and audited Resources transferred
4. Engineering Drawings complete/on file Change procedures clarified
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Termination Activities (cont’d) 5. Information Systems
Configuration and documentation in place
Systems integrated 6. Marketing
Sales and promotion efforts in line 7. Administrative
All organizations aware of change
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A Design for Project Termination, Figure 13-2
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Project History One of the major aims of
termination is development and transmittal of “lessons learned” to future projects
One way to do that is through a project history
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Contents of a Project History 1. Project Performance
What was achieved; successes, challenges, failures
2. Administrative Performance Reports, meetings, project review
procedures; HR, financial processes 3. Organization Structure
How structure evolved, how it aided/impeded progress
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Contents of a Project History (cont’d) 4. Project and Administrative Teams
Performance of the project team, recommendations
5. Project Management Techniques Planning, budgeting, scheduling, risk
management, etc.: what worked, what didn’t
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Challenges to Meaningful Project Histories Since the project history has so much
potential benefit, why is it often done poorly, or not at all?
Possible reasons No one sees it as their job PM has many other priorities, especially as
project winds down Long duration projects mean many PMs,
voluminous record, little corporate memory PMs may be more attuned to looking forward
than looking back