Project Report Gsm

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PROJECT REPORT

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GREATER NOIDA GIRLS INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that following report submitted by the following student of third year

of course COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING as a part of seminar/project work

as prescribed by the board of technical education for the subject CELL PHONEOPERATED LAND ROVER . And that I guided him for the term work from time to time

and I found him to be satisfactory progressive.

And that following student were associated with him for his work however his

contribution was proportionate.

NAME CLASS DIV ROLL.NO

Ankita Agarwal CS 1 0834710004

Anjana Pokhriyal CS 1 0834710003

Garima Sharma CS 2 0841631012

And that the term work has been assessed by me and I am satisfied

that the same is upto the standard envisaged for the level of the course. And that the

team work may be presented to external examiner

DATE:

PROJECT GUIDE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT


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GREATER NOIDA GIRLS INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY

SUBMISSION

We hereby declare that student of third year of course COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING kindly submit that we have completed from time to time the

seminar/project work as described in this report by our own skill and between the

period from to as per the guidance of MR

MANISH SHARMA

For the subject CELL PHONE OPERATED LAN ROVER

And the following student were associated with us for this work however quantum of

our contribution has been approved by teacher

NAME CLASS DIV ROLL.NO

Ankita Agarwal CS 1 0834710004

Anjana Pokhriyal CS 1 0834710003

Garima Sharma CS 2 0841631012


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INDEX PageNo.

1. PREFACE

A)INTRODUCTION

B)HISTORY . .

C)TECHNOLOGYUSED(DTMFSIGNALLING)

2. DESIGN OFTHEPROJECT

A)PRELIMINARYDESIGN

i) BLOCKDIAGRAM.

ii) COMPONENTSUSED

iii)CIRCUITDIAGRAM..

B)PROBLEMSENCOUNTERED...

C)FINALDESIGN

i) PCB LAYOUT

ii) PROGRAMCODE..

iii) FLOWCHART..

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D) SOFTWARES USED

i) PINACAL.

ii) ISP Programmer........................................................................

3. SCOPE OF THEPROJECT

1. APPLICATIONS..

2. ADVANTAGES...

3. DISADVANTAGES.

4. FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS & FUTURE SCOPE...

4. BIBLOGYAPHY..

5. DATASHEETS

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ACKNO WLEDGEMENT

We feelprofou nd pleasure in bringing out thisprojects r eportfor which we have to go from pillar to post tomake it a reality. This project w o r k reflects co nt ri bu t io nsof many people with whom we had long discuss ions and

without which it would not have beenpossible. We must first ofall, express our heartiest gratitude to respe cted MR.MANSIH SHARMA for providing us all guidance tocomplete project.

It would be unfair if we do not mention theinvaluable contribution and timely co-oper ation extended tous by staff member of our department. And especially we can

never forget the most worthy advices given by Miss Garima(H.O . D ., Dept of CS1), that would help us the entire lifetime.

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AbstractConventionally, wireless controlled robots user circuits, which

have a drawback of limited working range, limited frequency range

and limited control. Use of mobile phones for robotic control can

overcome these limitations. It provides the advantages of robust

control, working range as large as the coverage area of the service

provider, no interference with other controllers and up to twelve

controls.

Although, the apperanceand capabilities of robot vary vastly, all

robots share the feature of a mechanical, movables structure under

some form of control. The control of robot involves three distent

phases: perception, processing, action. Generally, the preceptors are

sensors mounted on the robot, processing is done by the on board

microcontroller and the task is performed using motors or with some

other actuators.

In the project the robot is controlled by a mobile phone that

makes a call to the mobile phone attached to the robot. In the course

of a call, if any button is pressed a tone corresponding to the button

pressed is heard at the other end called Dual Tone Multiple

frequency (DTMF) tone. The robot receives these tones with help of

phone stacked in the robot. The received tone is processed by the

microcontroller with the help of DTMF decoder ic cm8870 .these ic

sends a signals to the the motor driver ic l293d which derives themotor forward,revarseetc


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INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION :

Radio control (often abbreviated to R/C orsimply RC) is the use of radio signals to remotely control a

device. The term is used frequently to refer to the control of

model vehicles from a hand-held radio transmitter. Indus trial,

military, and scientific research organizations make [traffic]

use ofradio-controlled vehicles as well.

A remote control vehicle is

defined as any mobile device that is controlled

by a means that does not restrict its motion with an origin

external to the device. This is often a radio control

device, cable between control and vehicle, or an

infrared controller. A remote control vehicle (Also called as

RCV) differs from a robot in that the RCV is always

controlled by a human and takes no positive action

autonomously.

One of the key technologies which underpin thisfield is that of remote vehicle control. It is vital that a vehicle

should be capable ofproceeding accurately to a target area;

maneuvering within that area to fulfill its mission and

retur ning equally accurately and safely tobase.


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Recently, Sony Ericsson released a remote control car

that could be controlled by any Bluetooth cellphone. Radio is

the most popularbecause it does not require the vehicle to be

limited by the length of the cable or in a direct line of sight

with the controller(as with the infraredset-up). Bluetooth is

still too expensive and short range to be commercially viable.

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HISTORY

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HIS TORY OF REMOTE CONTROLLED VEHICLES:

The FirstRemote ControlVehicle I

Prec ision GuidedWea pon :

This propeller-driven radio controlled boat,

built by Nikola Tesla in 1898 , is the original prototype of all

moder n-day uninhabited aerial vehicles and precision guided

weapons. In fact , all remote ly operated vehicles in air, land orsea. Powered by lead-acid batteri es and an electric drive

motor, the vessel was designed to be maneuvered alongside a

target using instructio ns received from a wireless remote-

control transmitter. Once in position, a command would be

sent to deto nate an explosive charge contained within the

boat!sforwardcompartment. The weapon!s guidance system

incorporated a secure communications link between thepilot!scontrollerand the surface-running torpedo in an effort

to assure that control could be maintained even in

the prese nce of electronic countermeasures. To learn more

about Tesla!s system for secure wireless communications and

his pioneering imp lementation of the electronic logic-gate

circuit read Nikola Tesla GuidedWeapons & Computer Technology, Tesla Presents Series

Part 3, with comme ntaryby

Leland Anderson.


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Use ofRemo te Con trolledVehiclesDuring

World War II :

During World War II in the Europe an Theater

the U.S. Air Force experimented with three basic forms radio-

control guided weapons. In each case, the weapon would be

direct ed to its target by a crew member on a control plane.

The first weapon was essentially a standard bomb fitted with

steeri ng controls. The next evolution involved the fitting ofa

bomb to a glider airframe, one version, the GB-4 having a TV

camera to assist the controllerwith targeting. The third class

of guided weapon was the remote controlled B-17.

It!s known that Germany deployed a number of

more advanced guided strike weapons that saw combat before

either the V-1 or V-2. They were the radio-controlled

Henschel!s Hs 293A and Ruhrstahl!sSD1400X, known as Fritz

X, both air-launched,primarily against ships at sea.

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TECHNOLOGY USED

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TECHNOLOGY USED :

Dual-ToneMulti-Frequency(DTMF)

Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling is

used for telecommunication signaling over analog telephone

lines in the voice-freque ncyband between telephone handsets

and other commu nications devices and the switching center.

The version ofDTMFused for telephone tone dialing is knownby the trademarked term Touch-Tone (canceled March 13,

1984 ), and is standardized by ITU-T Recomme ndation Q.23. It

is also known in the UK as MF4. Other multi-frequency

systems are used for signaling internal to the telephone

network.

As a method of in-band signaling, DTMF tones

were also used by cable television broadcasters to indicate the

start and stop times of local commercial insertion points

during station breaks for the benefit of cable companies. Until

better out-of -band signaling equi pment was developed in the

1990s , fast, unacknowledged, and loud DTMF tone sequencescould be heard during the commercial breaks of cable

channels in the United States and elsewhere.

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Telephon eKeypad

The contempor ary keypad is laid out in a 3x4grid, although the original DTMF keypad had an additional

column for four now-defunct menu selector keys. When used

to dial a telephone number,pressi ng a single key willproduce

a pitch consisting of two simultaneous pure tone sinusoidal

frequencies. The row in which the key appears determines the

low frequency, and the column dete rmines the high frequency.

For example, pressi ng the !1! key will result in a sound

composed of both a 697 and a 1209 hertz (Hz) tone. The

original keypads had levers inside, so each button activated

two contacts. The multiple tones are the reason for calling the

system multifrequency. These tones are then decoded by the

switching center to determi ne which key was pressed.

A DTMF Telephon eKeypad

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DTMF Key pad Frequencies(With Sound Clips)

1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1477 Hz

697 Hz 1 2 3

770 Hz 4 5 6

852 Hz 7 8 9

941 Hz * 0 #

DTMF Event Frequencies

Event LowFreq. HighFreq.

Busy Signal 480 Hz 620 Hz

Dial Tone 350 Hz 440 Hz

Ringback Tone(US) 440 Hz 480 Hz


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1. BLOCK DIAGRAM :

DESCRIPTION:As shown in the above blockdiagram, first block

isthe

Cell Phone.So,

itacts

as a DTMFgenerator

withtone

depending upon

key

pressed.

DTMF

Decoder ,i.e., IC

CM8870

decodes the received tone & gives binary equivalentof it to the

microcontroller.

The

controller

is

programmed

such

that


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appropriate outputis

given to Motor Driver IC L293Dwhich

will drive the two DC Motors connected to it. Theconcept used for driving is DifferentialDrive.So,

ultimately the two motors

rotate

phon

e.

according to the key

pressedon

thekeypad

of

thecell

P

a

g

e

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100k 2

10k 5

330k 1

CM 8870 1

Atmega16 1

74ls04 1

L293DNE 1

L7805CV 1

2. COMPONENTS USED:

1) RESIS TORS: 2) CAPACITORS:

V ALUE

QUANTITY

V ALUE

QUANTITY

0.1 uF

222 pF

4

3) OSCILLA TORS: 4)ICs:

V ALUE

QUANTITY

3.57 MHz

1

12 MHz

1

V ALUE

QUANTITY

5) MISCELLANEOUS:


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COMPONENT QUANTITY

12V ,50 RPM DCMOTOR 2

DIODE, 4007 1

RESETSWITCH 1

1.5V DCBA TTERY s 9

CONNECTING WIRES 7

P

a

g

e

2

2


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3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

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PROBLEMS

ENCOUNTERED

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PROBLEMS FACED :

Although the concept & design of the projectseemed perfect, there were some problems faced while actual

implementation:

1. Conn ec ting Han dsFree of ce ll phone to DTMF

deco der IC input:There were several types of HandsFree cords

available in the market, the right one had to be chosen from

them. Several ways to break up the cords and connect them to

the input ofIC 8870 were tried & some were newly developed

by us (e.g. Connecting Audio Jack ofPC!sspeakers to the cell

phone with help of an extender).

Solution:

Finally HandsFree cord!s !Earplugs!were

remov ed & resulting set of wires were

connected in an appropri ate manner

to the Decoder IC!s input.


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P

a

g

e

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2. Selection ofMobile Phone:

At first, latest cell phone like Nokia 5700 ,

N-series were tried. But they couldn!t give any output.Several

cell phones were tested with their respective Hansfree cords.

Solution:

The older version phones like Nokia1100 ,Nokia

2300 were found to be more suitable for the

purpose.Finally

Nokia N97 mini was used .


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P

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4. FLOWCHART

START

READTHEINPUT

FROM DTMF

DECODER(P ORT 1)

IF

INP

UT=2

M1

=F

WD

M2

=FW

D

C AL L

APPRO

PRIATE

DELAY

IF

INP

UT=8

M1=RE

V

M

2=RE

V

C AL L

APPRO

PRIATE

DELAY

IF

INP

UT=

5

M1

=ST

OP

M2

=STOP

C AL L

APPRO

PRIATE

DELAY


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IF

INP

UT=4

M

1=RE

V

M2

=FW

D

C AL L

APPRO

PRIATE

DELAY

IF

INPUT=

6

M1

=FW

D

M

2=

RE

V

C AL L

APPROPRIATE

DELAY

P

a

g

e

3

3


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SOFTWARES USED


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1.KEIL COMPILER

Keil is a German based Software development company. It

provides several development tools like

IDE (Integrated Development environment)

Project Manager

Simulator

Debugger

C Cross Compiler , Cross Assembler,

Locator/Linker

Keil Software provides you with software development tools

for the 8051 family of microcontrollers. With these tools,

you can generate embedded applications for the multitude of

8051 derivatives. Keil provides following tools for 8051

development

1. C51 Optimizing C Cross Compiler,

2. A51 Macro Assembler,3. 8051 Utilities (linker, object file converter,

library manager),

4. Source-Level Debugger/Simulator,

5. Vision for Windows Integrated Development

Environment.

working with keil: -


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to open keil software click on start menu then program and then select keil2 (or

any other version keil3 etc. here the discussion is on keil2 only). Following window

will appear on your screen

you can see three different windows in this screen. 1) project work space window

2) editing window 3) output window.


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Project workspace window is for showing all the related files connected with your

project.

Editing window is the place where you will edit the code

Output window will show the output when you compile or build or run your

project.Now to start with new project follow the steps

click on project menu and select new project

you will be asked to create new project in specific directory

just move to your desired directory and there create a new folder for your

project named "first". Here I am creating new project in

d:\keil2\myprojects\first as shown in figure

give the name of project as "test". By default it will be saved as *.v2

extension.

now you will be asked to chose your target device for which you want to

write the program.

scroll down the cursor and select generic from list. expand the list and

select 8051 (all variants)


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when you click OK, you will be asked to add startup code and file to yourproject folder. click yes. Now on your screen expand target1 list fully. You

will see following window.


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now click on file menu and select new file. editor window will open. Now

you can start writing your code.

as you start writing program in C, same way here also you have to first

include the header file. Because our target is 8051 our header file will be

"reg51.h"


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after including this file. just right click on the file and select open

document . The following window will appear

if you scroll down cursor you will see that all the SFRs like P0-P3, TCON,

TMOD, ACC, bit registers and byte registers are already defined in this

header file. so one can directly use these register names in coding


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now you can write your program same as c language starting with void

main()

after completing the code save the file in project folder with ".c"

extension.

now right click on "source group 1" in project workspace window. select

"add files to source gorup 1"

select the C file you have created and click add button

you will see that the c file has been added in source group

now to compile the program from project menu select "build target". In the

output window you will see the progress

if there is any compilation error then target will not be created. Remove all

the errors and again build the target till you find "0 Error(s)"

now you are ready to run your program. from debug menu select "start/stop

debug session"

you will see your project workspace window now shows most of the SFRs as

well as GPRs r0-r7. also one more window is now opened named "watches".

in this window you can see different variable values.


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to add variable in watch window goto "watch#1" tab. then type F2 to edit

and type the name of your variable

if you want to see the output on ports go to peripheral menu and select I/O

ports. select the desire port. you can give input to port pins by checking or


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unchecking any check box. here the check mark means digit 1 and no check

mark means 0. the output on the pin will be shown in same manner

to run the program you can use any of the option provided "go", "step by

step", "step forward", "step ove" etc.

now after testing your program you need to down load this program on your

target board that is 8051. for this you have to create hax file

to create hex file first stop debug session. Again you will be diverted to

project workspace window.

right click on "target 1" and select "option for target 1". Following window

will appear.

select output tag and check "create hex file" box

now when you again build your program you will see the message in output

window "hex file is created".

in your project folder you can see the hex file with same name of your

project as "test.hex".


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this file you can directly load in 8051 target board and run the application

on actual environment.

APPLICATIONS


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APPL ICATIONS :

Scientific

Remote control vehicles have variousscientific

uses including hazardous environments, working in

the deep ocean , and space exploration. The majority

of the probes to the other planets in our

solar system have been remote controlvehicles, although some of the more recent ones were

partially autonomous. The sophistication of these

devices has fueled greater debate on the need for

manned spaceflight and exploration. The Voyager I

spacecraft is the first craft of any kind to leave the

solar system. The martian explorers Spirit andOpportunity have provi ded continuous data about

the surface of Mars since January 3,2004 .

Milit ary and LawEnforcement

Military usage of remotely controlled

military vehicles dates back to the first half of 20th

century. Soviet Red Army used remote ly controlled

Teletanks during 1930s in the


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Winter War and early stage of World War II. Therewere also

P

ag

e

4

1


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remotely controlled cutters and exper imental remotely

controlled planes in the Red Army.

Remote control vehicles are used in law

enforcement and military engagements for some of the same

reasons. The exposure to hazards are mitigated to the person

who operates the vehicle from a location of relative safety.

Remote controlled vehicles are used by many police

department bomb-squ ads to defuse or detonate explosives.See Dragon Runner, Military robot.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have

undergone a dramatic evolution in capability in the

past decade. Early UAV!s were capable of

reconnaissance missions alone and then only with a limited

range. Current UAV!scan hover around possible

targets until they are positively identified

before releasing their payload of weaponry.

Backpack sized UAV!s will provide ground troops with over

the horizon surveillance capabilities.


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Sear ch and Rescue

UAVswill likely play an increased role in searchand rescue in the United States. This was demonstrated by the

successful use ofUAVsduring the 2008 hurric anes that struck

Louisiana and Texas.

Rec reation and Hobb y

See Radio-controlled model. Small scale remote

control vehicles have long been popu lar among hobbyists.These remote controlled vehicles span a wide range in terms

of price and sophistication. There are many types of radio

controlled vehicles. These include on-road cars, off-road

trucks,boats, airplanes, and even helicopters. The robots

now popular in television shows such as Robot Wars, are a

recent extension of this hobby (these vehicles do not meet the

classical definition of a robot; they are remote ly controlledby

a human).Radio-controlled submarine also exist.

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FURTHER IMROVEMENTS

FUTURE SCOPE

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FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS & FUTURE SCOPE :

1. Password Protection :

Project can be modified in order to password

protect the robot so that it can be oper ated only if correct

password is entered. Either cell phone should be password

protected or necessary modification should be made in the

assembly language code. This introduces conditioned access &increases security to a great extent.


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2. Alarm Phone Dialer:

By replacing DTMF Decoder IC CM8870 by a!DTMFTransceiver ICCM8880 ,DTMF tones can be generated

from the robot.So, a project called !Alarm Phone Dialer! canbe

built which will generate necessary alarms for something that

is desired to be monitored (usually by triggering a relay). For

example, a high water alarm, low temper ature alarm,opening

of backwindow, garage door,etc.When the system is activated it will call a

number ofprogrammed numbers to let the user know the

alarm has been activated. This would be great to get alerts of

alarm conditions from home when user is at work.

3. Adding a Camera:

If the curre ntproject is interfaced with a camera(e.g. a Webcam) robot can be driven beyond line-of-sight &

range becomes practically unlimited as GSM networks have a

very large range.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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BIBLIOGRAPHY :

1. Wikipedia - The free encyclopedia

2.http://www.8051projects.info/

3. http://www.instructables.com/

4. ce l l phone opera ted l and rover Electronics For You Magazine ,

Edition (july 2008)

5. DTMF Tester , Electronics For You Magazine , Edition(June 2003 )

6.http://www.alld ata s h eet.com/

7.http://www.d ata s h eet4u.com/

8.http:// www.datasheetcatalog.com/

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ADVANTAGES


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1.Wireless control

2. Surveillance System.

3. Vehicle Navigation with use of 3G technology.

3. Takes in use of the mobile technology which is almos

available everywhere.

4. This wireless device has no boundation of range andcan be controlled as far as network of cell phone


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DISADVANTAGES


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1. Cell phone bill.

2. Mobile batteries drain out early so chargingproblem.

3. Cost of project if Cell phone cost included.

4. Not flexible with all cell phones as only a particular ,ce

phone whose earpiece is attached can only be used


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Documents

Project Report Gsm