ThismaterialisbaseduponworksupportedbytheNationalScienceFoundationunderGrantNo.DRL-1612554.Anyopinions,findings,andconclusionsor

recommendationsexpressedinthismaterialarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheNationalScienceFoundation.

ProjectHarvest:ACo-CreatedCitizenScienceRainwaterHarvestingPrograminRuralandUrbanArizonaCommunities NSFAward1612554MónicaRamírez-Andreotta,MPA,PhD,AssistantProfessorDepartmentofSoil,Water&EnvironmentalScienceDivisionofCommunity,Environment&Policy(joint)UniversityofArizona,Tucson,AZ85721mdramire@email.arizona.edu

20192ndCobreValleyForumonWaterTuesday,April92019

Rob Root, and Norma Villagomez-Marquez

ProjectTeam-LasPromotoras

TheresaFoleyTucson

ImeldaCortezTucson

MargaretDeweyDewey-

Humboldt

PalmiraHenriquezTucson

MiriamJonesGlobe/Miami

LisaOchoaHayden/

Winkelman

AvivaO’NeilTucson

37Mhouseholdsparticipatedinfoodgardeningathome,3millionatacommunitygarden

•  76%ofthehouseholdsgrewvegetablesGardensareapublichealthsolutionto:

–  Increasingaccesstowholesomefoods–  Improvingcommunitybuildingefforts–  Creatinggreenspace–  Reducingthecostoffoods Photocredits:MaxLiboironandDorseyKaufmann

Roxbury,MA

Tucson,AZ

Soilscanbeasinkforpollutantsandmayposeathreattopublichealth

Gardensarehubsforpublichealthinterventionandenvironmentalhealthliteracyefforts

ImageCredits:FlorSandovalandAnnMarieWolf,Sonora

EnvironmentalResearchInstitute

Conservingwater+reducingheatislandeffectthroughrainwaterharvesting

Whatisthequalityofmyharvestedrainwater?

PublicParticipation/CitizenScience

PeerEducation InformationDesign

Intentionalcollaborationswherethepublicengagesresearchtogeneratenewscience-basedknowledge

Shirk, J. L., H. L. Ballard, C. C. Wilderman, T. Phillips, A. Wiggins, R. Jordan, E. McCallie, M. Minarchek, B. V. Lewenstein, M. E. Krasny, and R. Bonney. 2012. Public participation in scientific research: a framework for deliberate design. Ecology and Society 17(2): 29. Hunter JB, de Zapien JG, Papenfuss M, Fernandez ML, Meister J, Giuliano AR. The Impact of a Promotora on Increasing Routine Chronic Disease Prevention among Women Aged 40 and Older at the U.S.-Mexico Border. Health Education & Behavior. 2004; 31, 18S-28S.

Peoplewhosharesimilarsocialbackgroundsorlifeexperiencesaresharinginformationwithpeers

Presentinginformationthatfostersefficientandeffectiveunderstanding;tohelpparticipantsmakeinformeddecisions

Peoplewhosharesimilarsocialbackgroundsorlifeexperiencesaresharinginformationwithpeers

Aretherepollutantsinharvestedrainwater?Ifso,dothesepollutantsgettrappedinsoils?Doplantsaccumulatethesepollutants?Ifso,couldpollutantsinhomegrownfoodaffecthealth?

Researchquestions

Howdoesenvironmentalmonitoringmethod(LABvs.DIY)affectaparticipant’senvironmentalhealthliteracy?

Environmentalhealthliteracyis1)  Knowledgeandawarenessofenvironmentalexposures,2)Skillsandself-efficacytoprotecthealth,3)Communityactiontoprotectcollectivehealth.

HowdoesparticipationinProjectHarvestaffectaparticipant’senvironmentalhealthliteracy?

Howdoesthemethodofdatasharingaffectaaffectaparticipant’senvironmentalhealthliteracy?

ResearchQuestions

Adaptedfrom:Gray,K.M.FromContentKnowledgetoCommunityChange:AReviewofRepresentationsofEnvironmentalHealthLiteracy.InternationalJournalofEnvironmentalResearchandPublicHealth2018,15,466,doi:10.3390/ijerph15030466.

ProjectHarvestCommunities

Dewey-Humboldt

Hayden-Winkelman

Globe-Miami

Dewey-Humboldt•  IronKingMine&HumboldtSmelterSuperfundSite•  4millionm3minetailings

Globe-Miami•  CopperSmelter•  RodMill•  OpenPitMine

Hayden-Winkelman•  ASARCOHaydenPlantSuperfundAlternativeSitewithsmelter,concentrator,Kennecottsmelter&tailings

Tucson•  TIAASuperfundSite•  OtherToxicReleaseInventorySites

ProjectHarvestisactiveinfourArizonacommunities

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30

40

50

60

70

80

#Activ

eParticipants

Dewey-Humboldt Globe/Miami Hayden/Winkelman Tucson

Rural

Urban

ParticipantMethods-DIY

ParticipantMethods-Lab

HarvestedRainwaterSamplesarecollectedfourtimesayear.

Microbial Inorganic Organic

Totalcoliform* Arsenic* Atrazine

E.coli* Aluminum 2,4-D(2,4-Dichlorophenoxyaceticacid)

Barium Carbaryl

Beryllium Chlorpyrifos

Cadmium Nonylphenol

Chromium Pentachlorophenol(PCP)

Copper PFOA(Perfluorooctanoicacid)

Lead PFOS(Perfluorooctanesulfonicacid)

Manganese Prometon

Nickel Simazine

AllcontaminantslistedweretestedforLABsamples

*ContaminantsforDIYtests

Basedoncommunitylocation,aliteraturereview,andanalysesofexistingnationaldatasets,thecontaminantsbelowwereselected.

Howdoyouuseyourrainwater?Standards/advisoriesusedtoframeandinterpretrainwaterresults.

Assumption-HarvestedrainwaterisNOTforhumanconsumptionatthistime.

Differentstandards/advisorieswereselectedbasedon:•  HowProjectHarvestparticipantscurrentlyusetheirharvestedrainwater•  Promotorarecommendationsandpreferences•  Availabilityofusefulstandardsoradvisories

SourcesofMicrobialContamination

• Generallyharmless,commontodigestivetracts• Naturallyoccurringintheenvironment,butmaybefromafecalsource

ColiformBacteria

• Afecalcoliform,canbebothnon-pathogenicandpathogenic

• E.coligenerallyfromfecalmatter,butcanalsobenaturallyoccurringintheenvironment

E.coli

• Canbeinfluencedbyparticulatessuchasclay,silt,algae,andmicroscopicorganisms

Turbidity(Relativeclarityofaliquid)

Whatcontaminantscouldbeinharvestedrainwater?Sourcesofmicrobialcontamination

Imagesource:https://chesapeakestormwater.net/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2018/10/Bacteria-Management-Report_final.pdf

Whatcontaminantscouldbeinharvestedrainwater?

Dust-Naturalandhuman-madefromresourceextraction•  Mining

Whatcontaminantscouldbeinharvestedrainwater?

Exhaustfrom:•  Automobiles•  Powerplants•  Airplanes

Whatcontaminantscouldbeinharvestedrainwater?

OrganicCompoundsfrom:•  ApplicationofPesticides/herbicides•  Pesticides/herbicidedrift

Whatcontaminantscouldbeinharvestedrainwater?

RoofingMaterials•  Sealants•  Cement• PaintCoatings

Whatcontaminantscouldbeinharvestedrainwater?

WaterHarvestingSystems•  Cistern•  Sealants• Plumbing

Wehavesuccessfullycompletedthe1styear(2017-2018)ofsampling!Wewouldliketogiveaspecialthankstoall163oftheArizonaProjectHarvestparticipantsfortheirefforts,motivationandpatiencethroughoutthisresearchproject.

PlayProjectHarvestvideoandNPRstory

Sevigny,M.November14,2018.LocalNPRstationKNAU.InArizonaMiningTown,GardenersandScientistsTeamUptoCheckforContamination.

http://www.knau.org/post/arizona-mining-town-gardeners-and-scientists-team-check-contamination

"ArizonaScience",inassociationwith"ScienceFriday”onthelocalNPRstationKUAZ.Episode154:TrainingtoTestRainwater.

https://radio.azpm.org/p/radio-azscience/2018/11/1/140257-episode-154-training-to-test-rainwater/

MónicaRamírez-Andreottamdramire@email.arizona.edu

Thankyouverymuch!

https://projectharvest.arizona.edu/

https://ramirez-andreotta.faculty.arizona.edu/https://gardenroots.arizona.edu/