Progress in Printed TEGs and Batteries / Supercapacitors … · 2017-06-21 · Progress in Printed TEGs and Batteries / Supercapacitors ... New systems powered by ... Lighting and

Progress in Printed TEGs and Batteries / Supercapacitors

Miguel Carrasco, PhDProgram manager Lighting and Energy applications

© CDT 2017 Cambridge Display Technology Limited (Company Number 02672530)

Outline

Introduction to CDTFlexOLEDsPrintable Thermoelectric Generators (P-TEGs)Flexible hybrid supercapacitors/batteries


Introduction to CDT

Spin-out from Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge (1992) POLEDsPart of Sumitomo Chemical Group since 2007Today, broader scope to become Sumitomo Chemical’s European Research Centre

Interdisciplinary team with strong expertise in physics, chemistry, materials and life sciences.State-of-the-art chemistry & analytical labs, cleanrooms, device prototyping and testing.

Please visit our booth:

#2015

© CDT 2017 Cambridge Display Technology Limited (Company Number 02672530)4

Biosensors and FlexOLED

• Bio-sensor Platform. New systems powered by printed semiconductors

• Abingdon Health. OLED/OPD transducer pilot production

• FlexOLED . Low information content display.

Lighting and energy applications

• Development of materials and devices for low-cost large-area lighting.

• Flexible Hybrid Battery/Supercapacitors.

• Printed Thermoelectric Generators.

Image and gas sensors

• Printable Organic Photo Detector Arrays (OPD).

• Near Infra-red photodiodes for medical and imaging applications

• New type of printable gas Sensors

New Technologies

• Next generation of ideas that support SCC business themes.

• Feasibility projects to validate research proposals• Eg. Active release of active ingredients

• Build Open Innovation relationships

Current Research Areas


FlexOLED prototypes

CDT has made customer specific demonstrators in a realistic product format.Showed integration with capacitance touch and NFC technology to demonstrate the capabilities of the technology.


Energy Harvesting & Storage – and alternative to primary batteries

The IoT bring a need for power-supplies fit for purpose for wireless comms. Wearables would strongly benefit from energy harvesting and storage solutions with form factors are defined by the application. At CDT, we are developing fully printable energy harvesting (TEGs and OPV) and storage (hybrid supercapacitors/batteries) devices as an alternative to battery replacement cycles for various applications.

The work focuses in developing a set of material and devices with a set of technical specifications determined by application power requirements and the use case.

6

0.5-1mW /node (average)

80 mW cm-2 (outdoors)2 µW cm-2 (500lux)


Future applications: Wearable Electronics - wireless health & activity monitoringKey advantages: Flexibility and less toxic materialsIncreases in output power will enable additional applications, added functionalities, or relax the ∆T requirements Material development

Applications, market and roadmap

7

Application Wireless Sensor Networks for IoTRoadmap

(1) Single node low power wireless sensor; power requirement 10 µW cm-2. Material and module already available. Prototype by March 2018.(2) Mesh networks of multiple sensors; power requirement 100 µW cm-2. Material and module under development. Prototype March 2019.

Market for TEG as energy harvesting for WSN, is predicted to reach $400M* by 2026. Total market for Temp and Humidity sensors in the region of $2Bn.

200µW∆T=2 oC

500µW∆T=10 oC

20µW∆T=10 oC

* (IDTechEx 2026)


Printed TEG: Concept and Motivation

Most of printed TEG research so far has focused on lateral device structure.CDTs development is on a flexible module with through-plane geometry.

Applicable to a wider range of applicationsBetter suited to lower electrical conductivities of organic / printable materials

8

Lateral Geometry Through-plane Geometry


TEG Module Development Areas

9

1. Substrates: Efficient Transfer of applied heat to active materials. Electrical insulated from active materials.

3. Interconnections:Low resistance required to keep overall module resistance low

Hot

Cold

Substrate

n p

Substrate

Insulator

2. Active Materials:Generate voltage from applied temperature difference. (high Seebeck) High conductivity required


Flexible Substrates Development

∆T = THOT – TCOLD

∆T(active) = x⋅∆T(applied)

Increased temperature gradients across the TE materials by a factor of 5

PEN

PEN

∆T Conversion Efficacy

AlAl2O3

AlAl2O3

Typical flexible substrates (PEN) have high thermal resistance reducing ∆T across TE materialsDeveloped thermally conductive Al/Al2O3 foil substrates in collaboration with Cambridge Nanotherm Ltd.

x = 0.15

x = 0.74

∆TTE material∆TApplied

10

-40 -20 0 20 40-30-20-10

0102030

PEN Aluminium

∆T(a

ctive

) /K

∆T(Applied) /K


Printed module performance

11

Uniform print Filled wells Good contact

Module (at DT = 20K)

Ink -1 / PEN

Ink -1 / Foil

Ink-2 / PEN

Ink-2 / Foil

Voc / mV 13 44 44 125

Resistance / Ω 108 75 101 50

Total Power / μW

0.4 6.5 4.8 80

Power Density / μW cm-2

0.08 1.4 1 17

17x increase in the power moving from PEN to foil


TEG Fabrication

Apply thermally conductive dielectric to foil substrate

1

Add metal tracking and patterned photoresist bank

2

Print p-type and n-type active materials from ink

3

Deposit top electrode by evaporation

4

Encapsulate with 2nd

substrate

5


Outline

Introduction to CDTFlexOLEDsPrintable Thermoelectric Generators (P-TEGs)Flexible hybrid supercapacitors/batteries


Applications, Markets & Value Proposition

Existing and new applications Wearables for health care, lifestyle, and novel applications

Large accessible market (>$600M by 2025; IDTechEx) Facile integration with energy harvesters; tuneable voltage for increased flexibility.Key advantage over Zn/MnO2: Rechargeability & high current delivery supercapacitor-like peak power.Key advantage over Li: Flexibility (some flexible Li in R&D), faster charging [<15 min], safety, High-T stability (>100°C) that enables a variety of fabrication processes.Concept devices (materials & form factor) by 2018.

Existing applications IoT – sensor networks,…

Key advantages over competing technology (Li): Mechanical flexibility and fast recharging.$50M accessible market for batteries / supercaps by 2025 (IDTechEx) niche market

Aim: new class of devices that address the increasing need for flexible energy storage (ES) solutions for existing & new applications.

Approach: Tuneable Hybrid ES devices that combine supercapacitor (fast charge/discharge) with battery (high energy storage) properties.


Voltage Output during discharging:

State of Charge (%)80 60 40 20 0100

3.0

2.5

1.5

0.5

2.0

1.0

0.0

Energy Density [Wh/kg]

Pow

er d

ensi

ty [W

/kg]

CDT

Fuel cell

Conventionalbattery

Super cap

Capacitor

Supercapacitor- like Discharge Power & Battery-like Voltage Characteristics

Energy & Power Densities:

Energy density 30 Wh/kg electrode materialPower density 1700 W/kg electrode materialPulsed peak power: up to 12mW/cm2 (at 2V) Supercapacitor-like Discharge Power

Lifetime > 100 charging-discharging cycles with full discharge @ 1mA/cm2

Stable discharge voltage plateau (2V) Battery-like Voltage Characteristics

Volta

ge (V

)


CDT roadmap

Charge cap. = 0.1 mAh cm-2

Current dens. = 1 mA cm-2

LT > 100 cyclesCharging rate >2C

Charge cap. = 2 mAh cm-2


LT = 1,000 cycles

Charging rate >4C

Charge cap. = 1 mAh cm-2


LT = 400 cycles

Charging rate >2C

March 2018 March 2019today


Charge Storage Devices- R&D Activities at CDT

Formulation: Inks / Pastes impact on

Component Performance: Electronic & ionic conductivity

Materials Chemistry:Intrinsic Material

Properties - charge capacity, voltage

DeviceArchitecture: Fabrication -

Printing & lamination

Operation and integration: Charging & discharging

rates, voltages, current levels

17


Conclusion

Driven by application requirements, CDT is developing printable TEGs and flexible hybrid supercapacitors / batteries to enable self-sustaining low-power electronic devices.

In addition to designing new materials, research into ink & paste formulations is critical for achieving high power output from printed TEGs and hybrid supercapacitors / batteries.

We are looking for partners interested in the development and commercialisation of these technologies. Our offer includesproviding limited numbers of prototypes for our partners.

18

Please visit our booth:

#2015


Acknowledgments

You – for your attentionThe organisers – for the invitationColleagues at CDTOur collaborators

Sumitomo Chemical Corporation LtdCambridge Nanotherm LtdProf. J Evans’ group at UCBProfs Yee, Reynolds and Marder’s

groups at Gtech.

19

If you are interested in working with CDT on TEGs, hybrid supercapacitors/batteries, or other research areas please come

and speak to us after this session, booth 2015www.cdtltd.co.uk

Miguel Carrasco Simon [email protected] [email protected]

http://www.cdtltd.co.uk/

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

Progress in Printed TEGs and Batteries / Supercapacitors … · 2017-06-21 · Progress in Printed TEGs and Batteries / Supercapacitors ... New systems powered by ... Lighting and