PROGRESS IN FLIGHTPROGRESS IN FLIGHT

Hot Air Balloons (French)Joseph and Etienne MontgolfierPaper and linen (cloth)Smoke? Didn’t know hot air

Wood and strawLive passengers, Sept 1783

Sheep, rooster, duckSent to determine if they could live in theupper air, many feared the upper air might bepoisonous

Human passengers, Nov 178325 minutes, 5 miles

PROGRESS IN FLIGHTPROGRESS IN FLIGHT

Hot Air BalloonsCouldn’t fly where theywanted to goStayed in air as long asfire continued to heat the trapped airFuel for fire was heavy

PROGRESS IN FLIGHTPROGRESS IN FLIGHT

Henry CavendishEnglish chemist discovered a gas in 1766 he called "flammable air“Gas was later named hydrogenDr. Joseph Black, chemistry professor, Glasgow University

Realized hydrogen could be used in balloons, but didn’t experiment because of teaching schedule

PROGRESS IN FLIGHTPROGRESS IN FLIGHT

Hydrogen BalloonsJ.A.C. Charles

Hired by French Academyof science to investigate hot air balloonsKnew of “flammable air”or hydrogenMore efficient than hot air, but often caught fire and explodedBenjamin Franklin watchedfirst test and was so impressed, he sent letterto US scientists

PROGRESS IN FLIGHTPROGRESS IN FLIGHT

Aug 2007

Hydrogen BalloonsSmall globe of rubberized silkFirst manned flight, 1783

2 hours, 27 milesFrench government began air force in 1783 and used to view enemy during French RevolutionFirst flight from France to England, 1785First U.S. flight, 1793

George Washington and many from Congress witnessed

First parachute jump from 3,000 feet, 1797

PROGRESS IN FLIGHTPROGRESS IN FLIGHT

BETWEEN WARSBETWEEN WARSTechnological Advances

Robert FultonSteamboat

First attempts to buildrailroads in EnglandEli Whitney (cotton gin)

Mass productionMuskets for U.S. governmentMade by machine, not by handInterchangeable partsTechnique sparked beginningof mass production