PRODUCTION OF MAHUA BIO TRANS ES … · The Optimization of ... evaluation of process factors for biodiesel production from waste cooking ... of waste cooking sunflower oil based

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 7, JulyAvailable online at ISSN Print: 0976 © IAEME

ABSTRACTThe economic development of a country is highly dependent on the supply of fossil

fuels which are constrained by its limited availability and pollution characteristics. India is among the world’s fourthvehicular emissions increased eight times over the last two decades. As we know Diesel engines are major contributors of many air polluting exhaust gasses such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and other harmful compounds. Itsignificantly reduced by using biodiesel as alternate fuel. This study presents the production of mahua biodiesel with different method of from mahua oil was prepaKOH. chemical in desired range of ASTM standards oKey words:BiodieselCite this ArticleBio-Engineering and Technologyhttp://www.i

1. INTRODUCTIONThe alternate energy to run the compression ignition engines is best biodiesel blending with diesel. edible and nonoil through transmeasuring the physio


International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 7, JulyAvailable online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJMEISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976

© IAEME Publication

PRODUCTIONTRANS

ABSTRACT

The economic development of a country is highly dependent on the supply of fossil fuels which are constrained by its limited availability and pollution characteristics. India is among the world’s fourthvehicular emissions increased eight times over the last two decades. As we know Diesel engines are major contributors of many air polluting exhaust gasses such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and other harmful compounds. Itsignificantly reduced by using biodiesel as alternate fuel. This study presents the production of mahua biodiesel with different method of from mahua oil was prepaKOH. The quality of mahua biodiesel is also checked by measuring the physiochemical propertiesin desired range of ASTM standards oKey words: Madhuca Indica; Mahua; TransBiodiesel. Cite this Article

-Diesel Transesterification ProcessEngineering and Technologyhttp://www.iaeme.com/IJME

INTRODUCTIONThe alternate energy to run the compression ignition engines is best biodiesel blending with diesel. edible and non-edible oils. The current research deals with biodiesel production from mahua oil through trans-esterification process. The quality ofmeasuring the physio

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2017, pp.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJME6340 and ISSN Online: 0976

Publication

PRODUCTIONTRANSES

Department of Automobile Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohal

Department of Automobile Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali

The economic development of a country is highly dependent on the supply of fossil fuels which are constrained by its limited availability and pollution characteristics. India is among the world’s fourthvehicular emissions increased eight times over the last two decades. As we know Diesel engines are major contributors of many air polluting exhaust gasses such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and other harmful compounds. It has been shown that formation of these air pollutants can be significantly reduced by using biodiesel as alternate fuel. This study presents the production of mahua biodiesel with different method of from mahua oil was prepa

The quality of mahua biodiesel is also checked by measuring the physioproperties. It has been found that various properties of mahua biodiesel are

in desired range of ASTM standards oMadhuca Indica; Mahua; Trans

Cite this Article: Sahil Dhammi and Navdeep Sharma DugalaDiesel Transesterification Process

Engineering and Technologyaeme.com/IJME

INTRODUCTION The alternate energy to run the compression ignition engines is best biodiesel blending with diesel.

edible oils. The current research deals with biodiesel production from mahua esterification process. The quality of

measuring the physio-chemical properties.

IJMET/index.asp

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)2017, pp. 92–98, Article ID: IJM

http://www.iaeme.com/IJME6340 and ISSN Online: 0976

Scopus Indexed

PRODUCTION OF MAHUA ESTERIFICATION PROCESS

Sahil DhammiDepartment of Automobile Engineering,

Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohal

Navdeep Sharma DugalaDepartment of Automobile Engineering,

Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali

The economic development of a country is highly dependent on the supply of fossil fuels which are constrained by its limited availability and pollution characteristics. India is among the world’s fourth-vehicular emissions increased eight times over the last two decades. As we know Diesel engines are major contributors of many air polluting exhaust gasses such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and other harmful

has been shown that formation of these air pollutants can be significantly reduced by using biodiesel as alternate fuel. This study presents the production of mahua biodiesel with different method of from mahua oil was prepared through

The quality of mahua biodiesel is also checked by measuring the physioIt has been found that various properties of mahua biodiesel are

in desired range of ASTM standards oMadhuca Indica; Mahua; Trans

Sahil Dhammi and Navdeep Sharma DugalaDiesel Transesterification Process

Engineering and Technology, 8(7), 2017, pp. 92aeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=7

The alternate energy to run the compression ignition engines is best biodiesel blending with diesel. Hence there is a need for the production of biodiesel from


chemical properties.

asp 92

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Article ID: IJM

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJME6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359

Indexed

OF MAHUA TERIFICATION PROCESS

ahil DhammiDepartment of Automobile Engineering,


Navdeep Sharma DugalaDepartment of Automobile Engineering,


The economic development of a country is highly dependent on the supply of fossil fuels which are constrained by its limited availability and pollution characteristics.

-largest petroleum consumer due to which tvehicular emissions increased eight times over the last two decades. As we know Diesel engines are major contributors of many air polluting exhaust gasses such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and other harmful

has been shown that formation of these air pollutants can be significantly reduced by using biodiesel as alternate fuel. This study presents the production of mahua biodiesel with different method of

red through TransesterificationThe quality of mahua biodiesel is also checked by measuring the physio

It has been found that various properties of mahua biodiesel are in desired range of ASTM standards of biodiesel

Madhuca Indica; Mahua; Trans

Sahil Dhammi and Navdeep Sharma DugalaDiesel Transesterification Process. International Journal of Mechanical

, 8(7), 2017, pp. 92–asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=7

The alternate energy to run the compression ignition engines is best Hence there is a need for the production of biodiesel from


chemical properties.

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Article ID: IJMET_08_07_011

asp?JType=IJME

OF MAHUA BIOTERIFICATION PROCESS

ahil Dhammi Department of Automobile Engineering,


Navdeep Sharma Dugala Department of Automobile Engineering,



largest petroleum consumer due to which tvehicular emissions increased eight times over the last two decades. As we know Diesel engines are major contributors of many air polluting exhaust gasses such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and other harmful

has been shown that formation of these air pollutants can be significantly reduced by using biodiesel as alternate fuel. This study presents the production of mahua biodiesel with different method of Transesterification

Transesterification process with The quality of mahua biodiesel is also checked by measuring the physio

It has been found that various properties of mahua biodiesel are

Madhuca Indica; Mahua; Trans-Esterification, ASTM Standards of

Sahil Dhammi and Navdeep Sharma DugalaInternational Journal of Mechanical

–98. asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=7


edible oils. The current research deals with biodiesel production from mahua esterification process. The quality of mahua biodiesel is also checked by

[email protected]

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) 07_011

asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=7

BIO-DIESEL TERIFICATION PROCESS

Department of Automobile Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohal, India

Department of Automobile Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, India



has been shown that formation of these air pollutants can be significantly reduced by using biodiesel as alternate fuel. This study presents the

Transesterificationprocess with


Esterification, ASTM Standards of

Sahil Dhammi and Navdeep Sharma Dugala. Production of Mahua International Journal of Mechanical



edible oils. The current research deals with biodiesel production from mahua mahua biodiesel is also checked by

[email protected]

T&VType=8&IType=7

DIESEL TERIFICATION PROCESS




Transesterification. Biodiesel process with methanol and



Production of Mahua International Journal of Mechanical


The alternate energy to run the compression ignition engines is best obtained throughHence there is a need for the production of biodiesel from


[email protected]

T&VType=8&IType=7

DIESEL


largest petroleum consumer due to which the vehicular emissions increased eight times over the last two decades. As we know Diesel engines are major contributors of many air polluting exhaust gasses such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and other harmful


Biodiesel methanol and

The quality of mahua biodiesel is also checked by measuring the physio-It has been found that various properties of mahua biodiesel are


Production of Mahua International Journal of Mechanical

obtained through Hence there is a need for the production of biodiesel from



2. METHODOLOGYThe very first step of production of MBD, and heat the oil7.5gm ofpour heated oil in to the mixing container or jar. Now heated oil and seal the jar. After this shake the solution for 15 minutes. Now allow the solution for settle down do not touch the jar for 24 hoglycerin

2.1. Step 1The contamination in the oil was filtered through 5µ filter cloth in vacuum filtration unit. The samples of 1000 ml oil were filtered on this machine.with impurity found in mahua oil.

2.2. Step 2A magnetic stirrer as shown inspecifications of thturning attractive field to bring about an attractive container (orresult for turn at fast, consequently mixing the arrangement. A computerized tachometer was utilized to gauge rpm of the stirrer. The attractive cases are typically Teflon covered to forestall defilement of the arrangement.


Table

Density at 20°CKinematic Viscosity 40°CCalorific ValueFlash PointFire PointPour PointCloud PointAcid ValueFree Fatty Acid

ETHODOLOGYThe very first step of production of MBD, and heat the oil for 1.5 hours at constant temperature

gm of KOH . It act like heated oil in to the mixing container or jar. Now

heated oil and seal the jar. After this shake the solution for 15 minutes. Now allow the solution for settle down do not touch the jar for 24 hoglycerin and we get pure mahua biodiesel.

Step 1: Filter mahua The contamination in the oil was filtered through 5µ filter cloth in vacuum filtration unit. The samples of 1000 ml oil were filtered on this machine.with impurity found in mahua oil.

Step 2: HeatsA magnetic stirrer as shown inspecifications of thturning attractive field to bring about an attractive container (or

for turn at fast, consequently mixing the arrangement. A computerized tachometer was utilized to gauge rpm of the stirrer. The attractive cases are typically Teflon covered to forestall defilement of the arrangement.


Table 1 Comparison of Pure Mahua oil and Diesel

Property

Density at 20°C Kinematic Viscosity 40°C Calorific Value Flash Point Fire Point Pour Point Cloud Point Acid Value Free Fatty Acid

ETHODOLOGY The very first step of production of MBD,

for 1.5 hours at constant temperature t act like catalyst

heated oil in to the mixing container or jar. Now heated oil and seal the jar. After this shake the solution for 15 minutes. Now allow the solution for settle down do not touch the jar for 24 ho

and we get pure mahua biodiesel.

Filter mahua OThe contamination in the oil was filtered through 5µ filter cloth in vacuum filtration unit. The samples of 1000 ml oil were filtered on this machine.with impurity found in mahua oil.

Heats the MixtureA magnetic stirrer as shown inspecifications of the magnetic stirrer are giventurning attractive field to bring about an attractive container (or


Sahil Dhammi and Navdeep Sharma Dugala

IJMET/index.asp

Comparison of Pure Mahua oil and Diesel

Kinematic Viscosity at

mg KOH/mg

The very first step of production of MBD, for 1.5 hours at constant temperature

catalyst. Mix methanolheated oil in to the mixing container or jar. Now

heated oil and seal the jar. After this shake the solution for 15 minutes. Now allow the solution for settle down do not touch the jar for 24 ho


Oil The contamination in the oil was filtered through 5µ filter cloth in vacuum filtration unit. The samples of 1000 ml oil were filtered on this machine.with impurity found in mahua oil.

ixture A magnetic stirrer as shown in the figure was

e magnetic stirrer are giventurning attractive field to bring about an attractive container (or



asp 93


Units

g/cc Cst

MJ/Kg °C °C °C °C

mg KOH/mg %

The very first step of production of MBD, filter the raw oil thenfor 1.5 hours at constant temperature

. Mix methanol heated oil in to the mixing container or jar. Now

heated oil and seal the jar. After this shake the solution for 15 minutes. Now allow the solution for settle down do not touch the jar for 24 ho


The contamination in the oil was filtered through 5µ filter cloth in vacuum filtration unit. The samples of 1000 ml oil were filtered on this machine.

Figure 1

the figure was used for the production of mahua biodiesel. The e magnetic stirrer are given in

turning attractive field to bring about an attractive container (orfor turn at fast, consequently mixing the arrangement. A computerized tachometer was

utilized to gauge rpm of the stirrer. The attractive cases are typically Teflon covered to



Pure Mahua Oil

0.8751.85

38 360 368 13 12 38 19

filter the raw oil thenfor 1.5 hours at constant temperature (65◦C). Measure 11

(110 ml) and KOheated oil in to the mixing container or jar. Now add methanol and KO

heated oil and seal the jar. After this shake the solution for 15 minutes. Now allow the solution for settle down do not touch the jar for 24 hours. After these process remove the

The contamination in the oil was filtered through 5µ filter cloth in vacuum filtration unit. The samples of 1000 ml oil were filtered on this machine. The Fig. 1 displays filtered oil along

used for the production of mahua biodiesel. The in table 2. The attractive stirrer utilizes a

turning attractive field to bring about an attractive container (orfor turn at fast, consequently mixing the arrangement. A computerized tachometer was



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Comparison of Pure Mahua oil and Diesel characteristics

Pure Mahua Oil Diesel

0.87 0.8051.85 3.80

42 68 73 -18 -15 0.35 0.17

filter the raw oil then take 1000 ml of mahua oil easure 110 ml of methanol add

and KOH for 15 minutes. Now add methanol and KO

heated oil and seal the jar. After this shake the solution for 15 minutes. Now allow the urs. After these process remove the

The contamination in the oil was filtered through 5µ filter cloth in vacuum filtration unit. The The Fig. 1 displays filtered oil along

used for the production of mahua biodiesel. The The attractive stirrer utilizes a

turning attractive field to bring about an attractive container (or mix bar) submerged in an for turn at fast, consequently mixing the arrangement. A computerized tachometer was


[email protected]

characteristics

Diesel

0.80 3.80

42 68 73 18 15

0.35 0.17

00 ml of mahua oil 0 ml of methanol add

H for 15 minutes. Now add methanol and KOH solution with




mix bar) submerged in an for turn at fast, consequently mixing the arrangement. A computerized tachometer was


[email protected]

00 ml of mahua oil 0 ml of methanol add

H for 15 minutes. Now H solution with




mix bar) submerged in an for turn at fast, consequently mixing the arrangement. A computerized tachometer was



2.3. Step 3


Step 3: Settle Down Period

Production of Mahu


Table 2

No. 1 Maximum stirring volume2 Stirring speed range3 Top plate size4 Panel material5 Temperature6 Accuracy7 Stirring bar's dimensions8 Power requirements9 Dimensions

10 Weight

Settle Down Period

Production of Mahua Bio

IJMET/index.asp

Table 2 Specifications of magnetic stirrer

SpecificationsMaximum stirring volumeStirring speed rangeTop plate size Panel material Temperature Accuracy Stirring bar's dimensionsPower requirementsDimensions Weight

Settle Down Period: Do not

a Bio-Diesel Transesterification Process

asp 94

Figure 2

Specifications of magnetic stirrer

Specifications Maximum stirring volume Stirring speed range

Stirring bar's dimensions Power requirements

o not disturb the bottle for 24 hours

Figure 3

Diesel Transesterification Process


Values/Range0

0-140 mm×140

Rt. to 15

35 (L)×Dia.6220240×190×13

disturb the bottle for 24 hours


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Values/Range 0-3000 ml -1500 rpm

140 mm×140 mmSteel

Rt. to 150◦ C ±1◦C

35 (L)×Dia.6mm220 VAC/60Hz240×190×130

3 kg


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mm

mm 0Hz


[email protected]


2.4. Step

By using a magnetic stirrerFirstly mmixture of apparatuswatch was used to measure the time. in hot water until control the water temperature. There is a condenser space which is used to evaporate the extra methanol left during the reaction. After some time the glycerol and oil finally get separate this time taken is generally known a

Standardstable 3 that all the properties are within the desired range of ASTM standards.

Table 3


Step 4: Separation

using a magnetic stirrermethanol and catalyst were

mixture of methanol & KOH were pourapparatus. The time period of mixing of oilwatch was used to measure the time. in hot water until biodiesel and control the water temperature. There is a condenser space which is used to evaporate the extra methanol left during the reaction. After some time the glycerol and oil finally get separate this time taken is generally known a

Standards instruments were used to measure the above properties. It is observed from that all the properties are within the desired range of ASTM standards.

Table 3 Comparison chart

Property

Kinematicviscosity(mm2/s)Calorific value

(kJ/kg) Cetane numberDensity (kg/mCloud point (Pour point (Flash Point (Specific gravityIodine valueSaponification

value Moisture

Content


Separation of Biodiesel

using a magnetic stirrerethanol and catalyst were

ethanol & KOH were pour. The time period of mixing of oil

watch was used to measure the time. biodiesel and

control the water temperature. There is a condenser space which is used to evaporate the extra methanol left during the reaction. After some time the glycerol and oil finally get separate this time taken is generally known a

instruments were used to measure the above properties. It is observed from that all the properties are within the desired range of ASTM standards.

Comparison chart of mahua oil and it’s produced biodiesel with high speed diesel and

Property

Kinematic viscosity

/s) Calorific value

Cetane number Density (kg/m3) Cloud point (°C) Pour point (°C) Flash Point (°C) Specific gravity Iodine value Saponification

Moisture

Content (wt. %)


IJMET/index.asp

Biodiesel and

using a magnetic stirrer Mahua biodiesel was produced by Transesterification processethanol and catalyst were mixed in a rea

ethanol & KOH were pour . The time period of mixing of oil

watch was used to measure the time. The oilbiodiesel and GLYCERIN get separate. We use 2

control the water temperature. There is a condenser space which is used to evaporate the extra methanol left during the reaction. After some time the glycerol and oil finally get separate this time taken is generally known as sterling


of mahua oil and it’s produced biodiesel with high speed diesel and American standards of biodiesel

Mahua

Oil

24.45

35400

54 955 3.5 14

228 0.86 66

190

1.3


asp 95

and Glycerin

Figure 4

Mahua biodiesel was produced by Transesterification processmixed in a reaction vessel using apparatus

into another vessel and were mixed. The time period of mixing of oil-methanol

The oil-methanolget separate. We use 2

control the water temperature. There is a condenser space which is used to evaporate the extra methanol left during the reaction. After some time the glycerol and oil finally get separate this

time. instruments were used to measure the above properties. It is observed from

that all the properties are within the desired range of ASTM standards.


Mahua

Biodiesel

3.96

36600

46 878 8.5 7

205 0.89 82

182

0.05


Glycerin

Mahua biodiesel was produced by Transesterification processction vessel using apparatus

into another vessel and were mixedethanol-KOH solution was noted

methanol and KOH solution was further placed get separate. We use 2000 watt electric heater, which




Biodiesel HSD

2.60

42000

50 850 8.5 4 68

0.90 -

-

-


[email protected]

Mahua biodiesel was produced by Transesterification processction vessel using apparatus

into another vessel and were mixedKOH solution was noted

KOH solution was further placed 000 watt electric heater, which



of mahua oil and it’s produced biodiesel with high speed diesel and

StandardsHSD ASTM

(6751

1.9 -

42000 39000

43000 47 850 – 5-12

3-5 130 0.85 -

85 –

180 –

0.05 %

Max

[email protected]

Mahua biodiesel was produced by Transesterification processction vessel using apparatus. Mahua

into another vessel and were mixed using the same KOH solution was noted and a

KOH solution was further placed 000 watt electric heater, which




Standards ASTM

(6751- 02)

6.0

39000 –

43000 47 – 879 12 5

130 0.94 115

– 185

0.05 %

Max.

[email protected]

Mahua biodiesel was produced by Transesterification process. . Mahua oil and using the same

and a stop KOH solution was further placed

000 watt electric heater, which control the water temperature. There is a condenser space which is used to evaporate the extra methanol left during the reaction. After some time the glycerol and oil finally get separate this

instruments were used to measure the above properties. It is observed from



3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSI3.1. DensityAs shown in Graph1, the density of Mahua oil at 20°C is observed to be 0.87g/cc, which ishigher than that of reaction.

3.2. Calorific ValueAs shown in Graph2, the calorific value of Mahua oil is observed as 38MJ/Kg.than that of Diesel. But the value increased to 39MJ/Kg. after Transesterification process and becomes comparable to Diesel.

4. CONCLUSIONSThe essential parameters like Density, calorific Value, biodiesel is successfully obtained through transand chemical properties of the produced biodiesel high speed diesel and ASTM


RESULTS AND DISCUSSIDensity

As shown in Graph1, the density of Mahua oil at 20°C is observed to be 0.87g/cc, which ishigher than that of reaction.

Calorific ValueAs shown in Graph2, the calorific value of Mahua oil is observed as 38MJ/Kg.

that of Diesel. But the value increased to 39MJ/Kg. after Transesterification process and becomes comparable to Diesel.

CONCLUSIONSThe essential parameters like Density, calorific Value, biodiesel is successfully obtained through transand chemical properties of the produced biodiesel high speed diesel and ASTM

Production of Mahu


RESULTS AND DISCUSSI

As shown in Graph1, the density of Mahua oil at 20°C is observed to be 0.87g/cc, which ishigher than that of Diesel. But it is reduced down to 0.85g/cc after Transesterification

Figure 5 Density of Mahua

Calorific Value As shown in Graph2, the calorific value of Mahua oil is observed as 38MJ/Kg.

that of Diesel. But the value increased to 39MJ/Kg. after Transesterification process and becomes comparable to Diesel.

Figure

CONCLUSIONS The essential parameters like Density, calorific Value, biodiesel is successfully obtained through transand chemical properties of the produced biodiesel high speed diesel and ASTM standards of biodiesel.

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

36

38

40

42

mahua oil

Production of Mahua Bio

IJMET/index.asp

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

As shown in Graph1, the density of Mahua oil at 20°C is observed to be 0.87g/cc, which isDiesel. But it is reduced down to 0.85g/cc after Transesterification

Density of Mahua

As shown in Graph2, the calorific value of Mahua oil is observed as 38MJ/Kg.that of Diesel. But the value increased to 39MJ/Kg. after Transesterification process and

becomes comparable to Diesel.

ure 6 Calorific Value of Mahua oil and Diesel.

The essential parameters like Density, calorific Value, biodiesel is successfully obtained through transand chemical properties of the produced biodiesel

standards of biodiesel.

mahua oil

desnisty at 20c (g/cc)


mahua oil

calorific value ( MJ/Kg)


a Bio-Diesel Transesterification Process

asp 96

ON


Density of Mahua Oil, Mahua Biodiesel


Calorific Value of Mahua oil and Diesel.

The essential parameters like Density, calorific Value, would biodiesel is successfully obtained through trans-esterification process. The various physical and chemical properties of the produced biodiesel show

standards of biodiesel.

mahua biodiesel



mahuabiodiesel





, Mahua Biodiesel



would confirm esterification process. The various physical show the authenticity when compared with

mahua biodiesel diesel



diesel




[email protected]


, Mahua Biodiesel & Diesel



in this experimentesterification process. The various physical

the authenticity when compared with

[email protected]


As shown in Graph2, the calorific value of Mahua oil is observed as 38MJ/Kg. which is lower that of Diesel. But the value increased to 39MJ/Kg. after Transesterification process and

in this experiment. The mahua esterification process. The various physical


[email protected]

As shown in Graph1, the density of Mahua oil at 20°C is observed to be 0.87g/cc, which is Diesel. But it is reduced down to 0.85g/cc after Transesterification

which is lower that of Diesel. But the value increased to 39MJ/Kg. after Transesterification process and

The mahua esterification process. The various physical



http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 97 [email protected]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was technically supported by Department of Automobile Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali (Punjab). The authors acknowledge the help provided by Department of Automobile Engineering, Chandigarh University and technical support by Mr. Navdeep Sharma Dugala, Coordinator of Automobile engineering department, Chandigarh University, Mohali.

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[3] V. K. Singh, N. S. Chauhan, D. Kushwaha, International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development 1/7 (2014) 2348.

[4] K. Simhadri, P. S. Chaitanya, G. V. D. Mohan, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 12 (2015) 08.

[5] A. Kumar, I. S. Singh, Journal of Food Chemistry 40 (2014) 221.

[6] T. Tamilasaran, K. Vinod, R. Saravanan, International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science 1 (2015) 451.

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[9] Raghavendra, R. R. Malagi, C. Gavimath and P. U. Raikar, International Journal of Engineering and Technology 2 (2015) 786.

[10] Ahmed Syed, Syed Azam Pasha Quadri. Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 114, 5 March 2017, Pages 118-129

[11] N. Acharya, P. Nanda, S. Panda, S Acharya, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 21 December 2016

[12] Acharya, S., Swain, R., & Das, S. N. (2011). The Optimization of Injection Pressure of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Using Karanja Oil (Preheated and Blended) as a Fuel. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 33(13), 1250-1259.

[13] Berman, P., Nizri, S., & Wiesman, Z. (2011). Castor oil biodiesel and its blends as alternative fuel. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(7), 2861-2866.

[14] Dhingra, S., Bhushan G., & Dubey, K. K. (2013a). Development of a combined approach for improvement and optimization of karanja biodiesel using response surface methodology and genetic algorithm. Frontiers in Energy, 7(5), 495–505

[15] Dhingra, S., Bhushan G., & Dubey, K. K. (2013b). Performance and emission parameters optimization of mahua (madhuca indica) based biodiesel in direct injection diesel engine using response surface methodology. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 5, 063117, DOI: 10.1063/1.4840155.

[16] Dhingra, S., Bhushan G., & Dubey, K. K. (2014a). Understanding the interactions and evaluation of process factors for biodiesel production from waste cooking cottonseed oil by design of experiments through statistical approach. Frontiers in Energy (in press).

[17] Dhingra, S., Bhushan G., & Dubey, K. K. (2014b). Multi-objective optimization of combustion, performance and emission parameters in a jatropha biodiesel engine using Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering,9(1), 81-94

Production of Mahua Bio-Diesel Transesterification Process

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[18] Dhingra, S., Bhushan G., & Dubey, K. K. (2016a). Comparative performance analysis of jatropha, karanja, mahua and polanga based biodiesel engine using hubrid genetic algorithm. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 8, 013103, DOI:10.1063/1.4939513.

[19] Dhingra, S., Bhushan G., & Dubey, K. K. (2016b). Validation and enhancement of waste cooking sunflower oil based biodiesel production by the trans-esterification process. Energy Sources, part A, 38(10), 1448-1454.

[20] Dhingra, S., Dubey, K. K., & Bhushan, G. (2014c). A Polymath Approach for the Prediction of Optimized Transesterification Process Variables of Polanga Biodiesel. Journal of the American oil Chemist’s Society, 91(4), 641-653

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[23] K. Sandeep Kumar, NEC Prasad and P. Bridjesh. Effect of Mahua Oil Methyl Ester with Additive as an IC Engine Fuel in Combination with Diesel in CI Engine: An Experimental Investigation. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp. 1084 –1091

[24] A.V. Krishna Chaitanya , S.Girish and T. Monica, Experimental Investigation On Variable Compression Ratio Diesel Engine Fuelled With Mahua Oil and Diesel Blends, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8 (4) 2017, pp. 313–324.

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PRODUCTION OF MAHUA BIO TRANS ES … · The Optimization of ... evaluation of process factors for biodiesel production from waste cooking ... of waste cooking sunflower oil based