ProcessesDNA RNA Misc.Protein

What is the base pair rule?Why is it important

ANSWER:

In DNA Adenine always bonds to Thymine

Cytosine always bonds to Guanine

This allows DNA to act as its own template for

replication

The point where the 2 DNA strands separate is called the …

ANSWER:

Replication Fork

What enzyme unzips the DNA molecule?

ANSWER:

Helicase

The strand of DNA where replication happens

continuously is called the …..

ANSWER:

Leading strand

Binding site for RNA polymerase?

ANSWER:

Promoter region

Part of RNA molecule that are spliced back together to form

mRNA

ANSWER:

Exons

How is RNA processed on the 3’ end?

5’ end?

ANSWER:

5’ – methylation capping3’ – polyadenylation (poly A

tail)

What is determines the reading frame?

What can a reading frame shift do?

ANSWER:

Start and stop codonsStart and stop codons

Mutation or it can cause Mutation or it can cause an aborted translation an aborted translation

processprocess

Name three differences between RNA & DNA

ANSWER:

1. DNA Sugar Deoxyribose RNA - ribose

2. DNA double stranded RNA – most single stranded

3. DNA – Thymine RNA - Uracil

Causes translation to end?

“Stop” codon

What enzyme adds nucleotides along a

DNA strand during ?

In what direction does this occur?

ANSWER:

DNA PolymeraseAll DNA synthesis occurs 5'-3'. The original DNA strand must be read 3'-5' to produce a 5'-3' strand.

What are Okazaki fragments?

What enzyme processes them?

ANSWER:

Discontinuous fragments of DNA made on the lagging strand.

Ligase

What amino acid codon initiates translation in eukaryotes?

ANSWER:

AUG

What is the coding unit?

ANSWER:

The section of DNA being copied into mRNA during transcription

What is enzyme A?What does it do?

ANSWER:

Topoisomerase

Unwinds the DNA Strand

What are the 3 steps of translation?

ANSWER:

1- Initiation

2- elongation

3 - termination

What levels of structure are found in functional proteins?

ANSWER:

4 levels

What is the structure of a

ribosome?

ANSWER:

Made from ribosomal RNA and Proteins

Made up of small and large subunits

DAILY DOUBLE

What is an anti codon?Where is it found?What does it do?

ANSWER:Three nucleotides

complementary to a codon on mRNA

Found on tRNA

Deliver amino acids to the ribosome

a.

The two new strands of DNA that result from this process will ……  A. have the same nucleotide order.B. have different nucleotide orders.C. result in a strand of mRNA,D. always results in a protein.

ANSWER:

A. have the same nucleotide order.

What is this a picture of?

ANSWER:

mRNA

Is there double stranded RNA?If so what is it?

ANSWER:

tRNA

What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

ANSWER:

What does semi conservative replication mean?

ANSWER:

The resulting DNA includes one original

strand and one new strand

One original strand is

“conserved” or saved.

What is “anti parallel” mean?

ANSWER:DNA is oriented in

the opposite direction, causing

continuous synthesis ion one strand and

discontinuous on the other

What does RNA primase do?

ANSWER:ANSWER:

Allows the RNA primer to Allows the RNA primer to attach to a parent DNA attach to a parent DNA strand. All primers are strand. All primers are

RNA!!RNA!!